» Login » Bookmark this page » Link to this page

PHOSGENE

fŏsˈjēn, colorless poison gas, first used during World War I by the Germans (1915). When dispersed in air, the gas has the odor of new-mowed hay. The gas is highly toxic; when inhaled it reacts with water in the lungs to form hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide. Because the upper respiratory tract is little affected, warning signs of exposure are slight, and symptoms may fail to appear for from 2 to 24 hours after exposure. However, the release of hydrochloric acid in the lungs causes pulmonary edema and may also cause bronchial pneumonia and lung abscesses; in severe cases death may result within 36 hours. Phosgene is now used in chemical synthesis. It may be prepared by the reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst or by the oxidation of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. Phosgene has the formula COCl₂.

____________________

-37414-

Top...

Search the Library

About Questia

Questia is the world's largest online academic library offering full-text books, journals, and articles on thousands of topics.

Join Now...

Questia Books and Articles on: Phosgene

We found:

342 results

By media type:

Books:

212

Journal articles:

36

Magazine articles:

48

Newspaper articles:

40

Encyclopedia articles:

6

books on: Phosgene - 212 results

More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

A Review of the Scientific Literature as It Pertains to Gulf War Illnesses: Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents - Vol. 5
Book by William S. Augerson; Rand, 2000
Subjects:	Persian Gulf Syndrome
Phosgene oxime is an unlikely candidate for a cause...Iraqi use of an agent whose effects resembled phosgene oxime against Iran (OSAGWI, 1990), but confirmation is lacking. History Phosgene oximes chemical properties have been known...

Next Generation Environmental Technologies: Benefits and Barriers
Book by Robert J. Lempert, Parry Norling, Christopher Pernin, Susan Resetar, Sergej Mahnovski; Rand, 2003
Subjects:	Environmental Chemistry--Industrial Applications, Environmental Management
...the future, an NGET that eliminated phosgene from the creation of DMC could have broad...environmental as well as the economic costs of phosgene in the synthesis, such an NGET might...The potential substitution of DMC for phosgene in the synthesis of polyurethanes, polyamides...

Handbook of Chemical Warfare and Terrorism
Book by Steven L.Hoenig; Greenwood Press, 2002
Subjects:	Chemical Agents (Munitions)--Handbooks, Manuals, Etc, Chemical Terrorism--Handbooks, Manuals, Etc, Chemical Warfare--Handbooks, Manuals, Etc
...British had realized the summer before that phosgene might be used as a chemical weapon and...casualties. The British were quick to adopt phosgene in response. In June 1916, during the...new gas, pouring out a huge cloud of phosgene and chlorine gas along a 27-kilometer...

Chemical Demilitarization: Public Policy Aspects
Book by Al Mauroni; Praeger, 2003
Subjects:	Chemical Weapons Disposal--Government Policy--United States
...October-November 1973. 11. The bulk phosgene was eventually sold to industry rather...industry used (and continues to use) phosgene, also known as carbonyl chloride, as...dyes. The movement of 3,865 tons of phosgene in gas cylinders from Colorado to other...

Fundamental Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry
Book by Esmarch S. Gilreath; McGraw-Hill, 1958
Subjects:	Chemistry, Inorganic
...resulting solution of aluminum chloride in phosgene will dissolve metals with the evolution...illustration, calcium reacts with the phosgene solution to liberate carbon monoxide...the concentration of solvent cations in phosgene has been increased so that the reaction...

1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>

Top...

journal articles on: Phosgene - 36 results

More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-36 >>

Grand Rounds: Outbreak of Hematologic Abnormalities in a Community of People Exposed to Leakage of Fire Extinguisher Gas
Journal article by Shih-Hsiang Lo, Chang-Chuan Chan, Wei-Chin Chen, Jung-Der Wang; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 114, 2006
...12 and Halon 1211, which may contain phosgene, among other products. RELEVANCE TO...amount of pyrolytic products, probably phosgene. Nine months after the exposure, we...bromotrifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, phosgene. Environ Health Perspect 114:1713...

Inherently Safer Technology: The Cure for Chemical Plants Which Are Dangerous by Design
Journal article by James L. Beebe; Houston Journal of International Law, Vol. 28, 2006
Subjects:	Chemical industry--Laws, regulations and rules, Chemical weapons--Laws, regulations and rules, Electronic security systems--Laws, regulations and rules, Hazardous substances--Laws, regulations and rules, Herbicides--Laws, regulations and rules, Pesticides industry--Laws, regulations and rules, Security measures--Laws, regulations and rules, Security systems--Laws, regulations and rules
...the reaction, reacting -naphtol with phosgene, the highly toxic MIC would not be produced...weapons used today are also not new. Phosgene and mustard gas, both considered modern...229) The Germans continued with phosgene in 1915 and mustard gas in 1917. (230...

The Forty-Seventh Session of the International Law Commission
Journal article by Robert Rosenstock, Carolyn L. Willson, John R. Crook, Rex J. Zedalis; American Journal of International Law, Vol. 90, 1996
Subjects:	International Relations--Periodicals
...chlorosarin) and carbonyl dichloride (phosgene) fall under the export controls of the...what can be said about chlorosarin and phosgene would seem to be of general applicability...restrict exports of chlorosarin than of phosgene. The former is a Schedule I (most highly...

Estimated Effects of Disinfection By-Products on Preterm Birth in a Population Served by a Single Water Utility
Journal article by Chad Lewis, Irwin H. Suffet, Katherine Hoggatt, Beate Ritz; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 115, 2007
Subjects:	Drinking water--Analysis, Infants (Premature)--Analysis, Infection control--Analysis, Pregnancy--Analysis, Premature infants--Analysis, Water utilities--Analysis
...haloalkane similar to chloroform, and to phosgene, a metabolite of chloroform (Sciuto...2003). In addition, mice exposed to phosgene exhibited increased levels of pro-inflammatory...in mice exposed to the industrial gas phosgene. Inhal Toxicol 15: 687-700. Selevan...

Past and Present Environmental Health Challenges in Southwestern Pennsylvania: Some Comments on the Right to a Clean Environment
Journal article by Devra Lee Davis, Carrie Forrester; American Journal of Law and Medicine, Vol. 30, 2004
Subjects:	Contamination, Environmental cleanup, Environmental policy, Environmental protection, Epidemiology, Public health, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Zinc
...substances. Analogy might be made here with certain war gases. Phosgene, for example, has little effect upon the upper respiratory...making a bloody swollen mess of the lower lungs, much like phosgene, a nerve gas used in World Wars I and II."60 Those investigators...

1-10 11-20 21-30 31-36 >>

Top...

magazine articles on: Phosgene - 48 results

More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-48 >>

Chemical and Biological Agents of War: Concept, Cause, Care
Magazine article by Domenic A. Sammarco; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, January 21, 2002
Subjects:	Biological & chemical weapons, Health care, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacists, United States
...contaning such chemicals as chlorine, phosgene, and cyanide are commonplace, and theft...to date are mustard, arsenicals, and phosgene oxime. Mustard was used on a large scale...pain on contact with the agent. While phosgene oxime also causes pain on contact, it...

Russia's New Plan for Chemical Weapons Destruction
Magazine article by Jonathan B. Tucker; Arms Control Today, Vol. 31, July 2001
Subjects:	Arms control, Biological & chemical weapons, International relations, Putin, Vladimir, Russia, Treaties
...shells containing 500 metric tons of phosgene, a World War I-era choking agent...begun to eliminate shells containing phosgene (a "Category 2" agent), a task that...chemical industry uses large amounts of phosgene as an ingredient for manufacturing plastics...

Combining Environmental Caretaking with Sound Economics, Sustainable Development Is a New Way of Doing Business
Magazine article by Kate Gibney; ASEE Prism, Vol. 8, January 1999
...Deepwater, New Jersey, DuPont uses phosgene, an extremely hazardous gas. DuPont...production line at this plant to produce phosgene on site and to consume most of the gas...DuPont no longer ships large amounts of phosgene to the plant, avoiding the risk of dangerous...

Beyond the Chemical Weapons Stockpile: the Challenge of Non-stockpile Materiel
Magazine article by Milton E. Blackwood Jr.; Arms Control Today, Vol. 28, June 1998
Subjects:	Army-US, Biological & chemical weapons, Chemicals, Federal legislation
...cyanogen chloride); and a choking agent (phosgene). In addition, the condition of the...Eventually, more than 260 vials containing phosgene, mustard and lewisite were found at...completely and safely destroy the CW agent phosgene. Besides inspecting potential non...

Home on the Page
Magazine article; Security Management, Vol. 47, September 2003
Subjects:	Information services, Metal detectors--Standards, Prostitution--Prevention, Security management, United States. National Institute of Justice--Safety and security measures
...gauging lab preparedness for three potential terror agents--phosgene, arsine, and cyanide-based compounds--all of which are...no U.S. public health labs can test for either arsine or phosgene, though the former can be found in at least 23 states and...

1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-48 >>

Top...

newspaper articles on: Phosgene - 40 results

More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 >>

Six Mercy Workers in World War One Gas Agony
Newspaper article; Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland), April 8, 2009
...they had been contaminated with deadly phosgene. The gas was escaping from the man they...the rabbit poison hed swallowed into phosgene, which was used as a chemical weapon...The poison reacts with water to produce phosgene gas. He died on the journey to Edinburgh...

Six Mercy Workers in World War One Gas Agony; IT WAS LIKE A HORROR FILM..TOXIC GAS CAME OUT HIS MOUTH & BODY
Newspaper article; Daily Record (Glasgow, Scotland), April 8, 2009
...they had been contaminated with deadly phosgene. The gas was escaping from the man they...the rabbit poison hed swallowed into phosgene, which was used as a chemical weapon...The poison reacts with water to produce phosgene gas. "They tried to rush him up to...

Buried Treasure
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 3, 2007
...sized container of highly unstable phosgene - a choking agent developed during World...Commission (UNMOVIC), explained how the phosgene was discovered in the archives and immediately...substantive report" on how the vials of phosgene got to Manhattan. The two had been among...

Poisons Found in U.N. Offices; Vials from Iraq Pose No Danger
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, August 31, 2007
...tubes containing the choking agent phosgene and other suspected chemicals were...additives," Mr. Buchanan said. The phosgene was in a labeled steel container...size of a soda can, he added. Phosgene was first used as a chemical weapon...

DIRTY BUSINESS; the Firms Poisoning the Midlands
Newspaper article; Sunday Mercury (Birmingham, England), August 1, 2004
Subjects:	Petroleum industry, Rolls-Royce Ltd., Texaco Ltd.
...gas. Locals had to be evacuated and some later fell ill after clouds of hydrogen chloride and phosgene were released into the atmosphere. Phosgene was a chemical weapon commonly used in trench warfare during the First World War. After inhaling...

1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 >>

Top...

encyclopedia articles on: Phosgene - 6 results

More encyclopedia Results: 1-6 >>

Phosgene
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
PHOSGENE fos jen, colorless poison gas , first...cases death may result within 36 hours. Phosgene is now used in chemical synthesis. It...of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride. Phosgene has the formula COCl 2...

Chloropicrin
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Chloropicrin is more toxic than chlorine but less toxic than phosgene . It is relatively inert and does not react with the chemicals...boils at 112 degrees Celsius with partial decomposition to phosgene and nitrosyl chloride...

Diphosgene
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...military poison. It boils at 128 degrees Celsius; its vapors have the odor of phosgene . Diphosgene is a lung irritant but is only slightly lachrimatory. Like phosgene, its effects are often delayed. Chemically it is trichloromethylchloroformate...

Polycarbonates
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...molding compounds (see plastic ). Polycarbonates are prepared by the reaction of an aromatic difunctional phenol with either phosgene or an aromatic or aliphatic carbonate. The commercially important polycarbonates use 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol)-propane...

Carbon Tetrachloride
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Celsius. It is toxic when absorbed through the skin or when inhaled. It reacts at high temperatures to form the poisonous gas phosgene. Carbon tetrachloride is used in the production of Freon refrigerants, e.g., Freon-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane...

1-6 >>

Top...

About Questia :: Privacy :: Contact