POLYMORPHISM

of minerals, property of crystallizing in two or more distinct forms. Calcium carbonate is dimorphous (two forms), crystallizing as calcite or aragonite. Titanium dioxide is trimorphous; its three forms are brookite, anatase (or octahedrite), and rutile. Polymorphism of an element is called allotropy. The process was discovered (1821) by Eilhard Mitscherlich. See isomorphism; mineral; crystal.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Polymorphism
We found: 2435 results
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books on: Polymorphism  - 717 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Hormones, Genes, and Cancer
Book by Brian E. Henderson, Bruce Ponder, Ronald K. Ross; Oxford University Press, 2003
Subjects: Cancer--Endocrine Aspects, Generative Organs--Cancer--Chemoprevention, Generative Organs--Cancer--Molecular Aspects, Hormones--Carcinogenicity
...pentanucleotide (tttta)(n) polymorphism in the promoter of...Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms in the HSD3B2 gene...association between a polymorphism in the steroid metabolism...sociation between CYP 17 polymorphisms and the development...between CYPl7 gene polymorphism and risk of breast...
2.
Evolution and Genetics: The Modern Theory of Evolution
Book by David J. Merrell, Olivia Jensen Ingersoll; Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962
Subjects: Evolution (Biology), Genetics
...the old. Balanced polymorphism exists when selection...types of balanced polymorphism has been discovered...nature, balanced polymorphisms will be more common...examples of transient polymorphism. The most carefully...
3.
Introduction to Quantitative Genetics
Book by D. S. Falconer; Oliver and Boyd, 1960
Subjects: Genetics
...a general cause of polymorphism, however, it cannot...for the existence of polymorphism. For example, the...particularly as some polymorphisms are known to be of very long standing. The polymorphism of shell colours in...
4.
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences - Vol. 4
Book by Anne O'Daly; Marshall Cavendish, 2004
Subjects: Biology--Encyclopedias, Life Sciences--Encyclopedias
DIMORPHISM AND POLYMORPHISM Male and female mallards (Anas...be con- sidered true examples of polymorphism, How new polymorphs are created...called allcles. Dimorphism and polymorphism are terms describing the existence...
5.
Dictionary of Concepts in Physical Anthropology
Book by Joan C. Stevenson; Greenwood Press, 1991
Subjects: Physical Anthropology--Dictionaries
...Aspects of Polymorphism in Man." Cold...discussion of blood polymorphisms. Allison Anthony C. 1964. "Polymorphism and Natural...1940a. "Polymorphism and Taxonomy...balanced" polymorphisms. Ford Edmund...
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journal articles on: Polymorphism  - 1613 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Polymorphisms in Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes, Arsenic Exposure, and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in New Hampshire
Journal article by Katie M. Applebaum, Margaret R. Karagas, David J. Hunter, Paul J. Catalano, Steven H. Byler, Steve Morris, Heather H. Nelson; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 115, 2007
Subjects: Arsenic--Complications and side effects, Arsenic--Research, Genetic polymorphisms--Research, Skin cancer--Causes of, Skin cancer--Research, United States--Environmental aspects
...nonsynonymous polymorphisms: Asp312Asn...rs1799793) polymorphism in exon 10...excision repair polymorphisms<br/ and...Gene, polymorphism Controls...the A23G polymorphism for this...nonsynonous polymorphisms. We observed...
2.
The Polymorphism Frequency Spectrum of Finitely Many Sites under Selection
Journal article by Michael M. Desai, Joshua B. Plotkin; Genetics, Vol. 180, 2008
Subjects: Genetics, Methods, Polymorphism, Population, Spectrum allocation
...fundamental processes. Polymorphisms at higher frequencies...a larger number of polymorphisms indicates a higher...Thus we can use the polymorphism frequency spectrum...these analyses of polymorphism data are methods that...expected number of polymorphisms within species to...
3.
Polymorphisms of the CCK, CCKAR and CCKBR Genes: An Association with Alcoholism Study(*)
Journal article by Takehito Okubo, Shoji Harada; Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Vol. 62, 2001
Subjects: Alcoholism--Genetic aspects, Central nervous system--Physiological aspects, Cholecystokinin--Genetic aspects, Dopamine--Physiological aspects, Dopaminergic mechanisms--Genetic aspects, Genetic polymorphisms--Physiological aspects
...analysis to detect polymorphisms at the loci of...fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) In order...suggesting that the polymorphism at the -45 locus...clear whether polymorphisms of the CCK, CCKAR...SHIRAISHI, U. Novel polymorphism in the promoter...SHIRA1SHI, H. Novel polymorphisms of the human cholecystokinin...
4.
Elevated Polymorphism and Divergence in the Class C Scavenger Receptors of Drosophila Melanogaster and D. Simulans
Journal article by Brian P. Lazzaro; Genetics, Vol. 169, 2005
Subjects: Antigen presentation, Bacteria, Codon, Codon, Terminator, Genes, Genetics, Pathogens, Polymorphism, Proteins, Receptors, Immunologic, Receptors, Scavenger, Scavenger Receptors, Class C
...mean proportion of polymorphisms that are nonsynonymous...relative to synonymous polymorphisms between individual...both nonsynonymous polymorphism and divergence could...divergence (Table 1) and polymorphism (Table 2) are not...synonymous to replacement polymorphisms within species compared...
5.
Nucleotide Polymorphism and Linkage Disequilibrium within and among Natural Populations of European Aspen (Populus Tremula L., Salicaceae)
Journal article by Pär K. Ingvarsson; Genetics, Vol. 169, 2005
Subjects: Flowers & plants, Genes, Genomics, Polymorphism, Population genetics, Studies
...especially true for polymorphisms at the nucleotide...of nucleotide polymorphism in a species of...higher than indel polymorphisms; a total of 384...2. Levels of polymorphism were generally...DISCUSSION Nucleotide polymorphism and divergence...of nucleotide polymorphisms in all five genes...
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magazine articles on: Polymorphism  - 97 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Disease Gene Linked to Evolution
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 133, February 2005
Subjects: Genetic polymorphisms--Care and treatment, Genetic polymorphisms--Research, Human evolution--Research, Schizophrenia--Genetic aspects
...people with the variation, known as a polymorphism, do not have the disease. A University...The researchers also found that this polymorphism is associated with overall benefits...augmenting the positive influences of the polymorphism on human survival, as well as studying...
2.
Asthma and Allergies May Reduce Risk
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 134, October 2005
Subjects: Allergic reaction--Complications and side effects, Allergy--Complications and side effects, Asthma--Complications and side effects, Brain cancer--Development and progression, Genetic polymorphisms--Observations, Glioblastoma multiforme--Development and progression, Hay fever--Complications and side effects, Hay-fever--Complications and side effects
...variant is called a polymorphism. While a mutation...abnormal DNA pattern, a polymorphism consists of common...considered normal. Polymorphisms can offer protection...researchers looked for polymorphisms on two genes associated...
3.
Nabbing Suspicious SNPS: Scientists Search the Whole Genome for Clues to Common Diseases
Magazine article by Regina Nuzzo; Science News, Vol. 173, June 21, 2008
Subjects: Genetic research--Methods, Single nucleotide polymorphisms--Research
...Usually these one-letter sites, called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs (pronounced "snips"), do not themselves cause...in one of those letters is known as a single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP (pronounced "snip" and shown by red flag...
4.
Middling Measures
Magazine article by Kelly Rae Chi; The Scientist, Vol. 22, September 2008
Subjects: Cancer, DNA repair, Genetics, Medical research, Mutation, Pancreatic cancer, Polymorphism
...populations in the HapMap Project, instrument developers are ramping up the throughput on platforms assessing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). New technologies can sequence millions of reactions on a single chip. With platforms becoming ever more powerful...
5.
How Aspirin Protects against Heart Attacks
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 127, February 1999
...the P1.sup.A2 polymorphism, which impacts upon...mutations and polymorphisms. Mutations tend to...who do not have the polymorphism," Goldschmidt points...determine if they have polymorphisms. This information...the P1.sup.A2 polymorphism, but still have problems...
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newspaper articles on: Polymorphism  - 4 results

 
 
1.
A TINY Genetic Fault Has [...]
Newspaper article; Evening Chronicle (Newcastle, England), April 25, 2011
Subjects: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder--Genetic aspects, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--Genetic aspects, Genetic research
...versions. They hit on one single-letter alteration in the paired chemical elements of the genetic code - a single nucleotide polymorphism - that was strongly linked to the disorder. BABIES who persistently cry and those who have difficulties with sleeping or...
2.
Decision from the Dark Ages
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, February 5, 2002
...defendant could be excluded as culprits based on the then prevailing state of DNA art, i.e., Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for cross-word puzzle insomniacs. Other evidence also implicated Harvey. Science characteristically raced to develop...
3.
DNA Testing Makes Advances
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 30, 2004
...testing work? The basic ideas are simple. The language is appalling: Polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, Y-chromosome short-tandem-repeat testing. At its most basic, comparing Johns DNA with Bills DNA is like comparing...
4.
Grasp of DNA Statistics Needed
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, February 19, 2004
...not always well understood. The chemistry is complex, and the terms used can be daunting: Restriction-fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction, for example. The chemistry usually doesnt matter in the outcome of trials. The technicians...


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encyclopedia articles on: Polymorphism  - 4 results

 
 
1.
Polymorphism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
POLYMORPHISM of minerals, property of crystallizing in two or more distinct forms...three forms are brookite, anatase (or octahedrite), and rutile. Polymorphism of an element is called allotropy . The process was discovered (1821...
2.
Isomorphism
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...chemical formulas; this principle was used by J. J. Berzelius in determining chemical formulas and combining weights. See polymorphism ; mineral ; crystal . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission...
3.
Dna Fingerprinting
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...segments will be statistically unique. Methods A common procedure for DNA fingerprinting is restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). In this method, DNA is extracted from a sample and cut into segments using special restriction enzymes. RFLP...
4.
Allotropy
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...and tin also exhibit allotropy. Many metals have allotropic crystalline forms that are stable at different temperatures. Polymorphism is an analogous phenomenon observed in chemical compounds. ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia...


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