RAFSANJANI, HASHEMI

(Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani)älēˈ äkˈbär häshˈəmē räfˌsänjänˈē, 1934–, Iranian religious and political leader, president of Iran (1989–97). A Shiite clergyman and supporter of Ayotallah Khomeini, Rafsanjani was imprisoned several times during the 1960s and 70s for his political activities. After the ouster of the Shah (see Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi), Rafsanjani helped found the Islamic Republican party and built his political power base as speaker of the parliament (1980–89). From 1988 to 1989 he was also acting commander in chief of the armed forces. In 1989, Rafsanjani was elected president, receiving some 95% of the vote. A pragmatic conservative, he sought to revive Iran's badly flagging economy on free-market principles and moved to improve relations with the West, reestablish Iran as a regional power, and gradually reopen the country to foreign investment. He was reelected in 1993 with two thirds of the vote but was barred from seeking a third term in the 1997 elections. That year he was appointed chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council, which is responsible for resolving disputes between the parliament and Guardian Council concerning legislation. In 2000 he was narrowly elected to parliament, but he soon resigned his seat.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Rafsanjani Hashemi
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books on: Rafsanjani Hashemi  - 200 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Europe and War in the Balkans: Toward a New Yugoslav Identity
Book by Miron Rezun; Praeger, 1995
Subjects: Yugoslavia--Ethnic Relations, Yugoslavia--History
...Radic, Antun, 34 Radic, Stephen, 34 , 47 , 61 Radical Party of Serbia, 76 Radio Corporation of America, 193 Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 5 Rakic, Colonel Miodrag, 75 Rankovic, Alexander, 21 , 80 , 81 , 91 , 109 Rankovic, Marko, 78 Ravna-Gora...
2.
Central Asia in Transition: Dilemmas of Political and Economic Development
Book by Boris Z. Rumer; M. E. Sharpe, 1996
Subjects: Asia, Central--Economic Conditions, Asia, Central--Economic Policy
...151 , 158 , 160 - 162 , 172 - 185 , 187 , 188 , 194 , 202 , 203 , 214 , 224 , 232 , 251 , 257 , 261 , 266 , 270 Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 52 , 53 Retail trade, 175 , 176 , 202 , 258 Romania, 239 , 240 , 242 , 245 Russia, vii , xi - xiii , xv...
3.
The Foreign Policy of Russia: Changing Systems, Enduring Interests
Book by Robert H. Donaldson, Joseph L. Nogee; M. E. Sharpe, 1998
Subjects: Russia (Federation)--Foreign Relations, Soviet Union--Foreign Relations
...291 Prokhanov, Aleksandr, 115 Prussia, 7 Pugo, Boris, 102 R Rabin, Yitzhak, 266 Raduev, Salman, 203 Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 257 -58 Rakhmonov, Imomali, 174 Rapallo, 46 , 60 Treaty of 1922 , 41 Reagan, Ronald, 88 , 90 , 92 - 93...
4.
Regional Power Rivalries in the New Eurasia: Russia, Turkey, and Iran
Book by Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Oles M. Smolansky; M.E. Sharpe, 1995
Subjects: Former Soviet Republics--Foreign Relations, Former Soviet Republics--Relations--Iran, Former Soviet Republics--Relations--Turkey, Iran--Foreign Relations--1979-1997, Iran--Relations--Former Soviet Republics, Turkey--Foreign Relations--1980-, Turkey--Relations--Former Soviet Republics
...Provide Comfort project, 158 , 160 PUK. See Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Qazvinis people , 103 Radyo, Bizim, 14 Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 30 , 42 , 51 , 54 , 56 , 106 and Azerbaijan, 94 , 96 , 97 , 109 and Nagorno-Karabakh, 99 and Tajikistan...
5.
Islam and Democracy
Book by John L. Esposito, John O. Voll; Oxford University Press, 1996
Subjects: Democracy--Religious Aspects--Islam, Islam And State, Islamic Countries--Politics And Government
...41 , 42 , 46 Qutb, Sayyid, 60 , 91 , 132 , 135 , 157 , 173 , 174 , 187 , 199 Radical democracy, 36 - 37 , 39 Rafsanjani, Hashemi, 69 , 75 , 76 Rahman, Fazlur, 28 Rahman, Omar Abdel, Sheikh, 34 , 182 -83 Rahman, Sayyid Abd al-, 83...
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journal articles on: Rafsanjani Hashemi  - 124 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Diplomacy of Iran towards Globalization: the Tension between Globalization and Islamization in Iran/diplomatie de L'iran Vers la Mondialisation: la Tension Entre la Mondialisation et L'islamisation En Iran
Journal article by Daryuosh Piri, Adlina Ab Halim; Cross - Cultural Communication, Vol. 7, 2011
Subjects: Cultural values, Diplomacy, Globalization, International relations, Iran, Islamism, Studies
...on the Cultural Revolution, we consider the roots of this revolution as cultural". Also Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani (Hashemi Rafsanjani, 1992.231) on the Islamic revolution stated, "I consider the great conquer and the main consequence...
2.
Iran: The Adolescent Revolution
Journal article by Gary Sick; Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 49, 1995
Subjects: Islamic Republican Party (Iran)--Political activity, Islamic fundamentalism--International aspects, Revolutions--Analysis
...the island of Abu Musa. Rafsanjani had paid a brief visit...Bahrain. Iranian president Rafsanjani dispatched his brother, Mohammed Hashemi, to Bahrain in early...centuries. President Hashemi Rafsanjani, in his periodic reviews...
3.
Iran's Economic Considerations after the War and Its Role in Renewing of Iran-saudi Diplomatic Relations/considérations Économiques de L'iran Après la Guerre et Son Rôle Dans le Renouvellement Des Relations Diplomatiques Entre L'iran et L'arabie Saoudite
Journal article by Reza Ekhtiari Amiri, Ku Hasnita Binti Ku Samsu, Hassan Gholipour Fereidouni; Cross - Cultural Communication, Vol. 6, 2010
Subjects: Economic conditions, Foreign policy, Iran, Iran Iraq War, Postwar reconstruction, Saudi Arabia, Studies
...28.9 (Yaqubi, 2009). Hashemi Rafsanjani (then president) describes...of the war caused president Hashemi Rafsanjani administration change his priority...ended, the first priority of Hashemi Rafsanjani administration became rebuilding...
4.
The Iranian Nuclear Issue and Informal Networks
Journal article by Abbas William Samii; Naval War College Review, Vol. 59, 2006
Subjects: Analysis, Decision making, Foreign policy, Iran, National security, Nuclear weapons
...then-president Ali-Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani. The Imam Reza Shrine Foundation...offer a good example.39 Hashemi-Rafsanjani was born to a pistachio...Foundation, is related to Hashemi-Rafsanjani by marriage. The family also...
5.
Dissent in Iranian Elections: Reasons and Implications
Journal article by A. William Samii; The Middle East Journal, Vol. 58, 2004
Subjects: Elections, Iran, Political dissent, Political systems, Voter behavior
...Parliament Hojatoleslam Ali-Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani, and Supreme judicial Council...the relationship between Rafsanjani, who was about to get elected...Chairman Ayatollah AIi Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani said that the psychological...
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magazine articles on: Rafsanjani Hashemi  - 211 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Rafsanjani Feels Friendless
Magazine article by Amberin Zaman; The Middle East, January 1994
Subjects: International relations--Iran, Iran--Economic aspects, Rafsanjani, Hashemi--Political activity
...be a tough one for President Rafsanjani. The Islamic radicals scent...reform pla writes from Tehran that Rafsanjani faces a tough task in implementing...FOR Irans President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, 1994 is poised to become a...
2.
Rafsanjani's No Moderate
Magazine article by Mansour Farhang; The Nation, Vol. 249, November 13, 1989
Subjects: Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988--Political aspects, Iran--Political aspects, Khomeini, Ruhollah, Ayatollah--Political activity, Rafsanjani, Hashemi--Political activity
...policy decisions. Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, then speakder of the Iranian...episode, for example, surprised Rafsanjani in the midst of his friendly...clerics, including President Rafsanjani and spiritual leader Ayatollah...
3.
Prodigal President
Magazine article by Ali Ansari; The World Today, Vol. 61, June 2005
Subjects: Candidates, Iran, Nuclear fuels, Presidential elections, Presidents, Rafsanjani, Hashemi
...acumen and ambition, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani announced his decision to run...faxed to the Iranian media, Rafsanjani, who wisely kept people - and...withdraw in his favour. Should Rafsanjani win this months election, as...
4.
Will the Mullahs Move On
Magazine article by Kathy Evans; The Middle East, May 1996
Subjects: Iran--Elections, Rafsanjani, Hashemi--Political activity
...polling was the fact that Ms Faiza Rafsanjani, the eldest daughter of Irans current president, Hashemi Rafsanjani polled the second highest number of...new cabinet presented by President Rafsanjani. Some Western analysts gloomily predict...
5.
The Shark, the Crocodile and the 'Silent Coup: In Iran's December Elections, the Wily Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Sought to Constrain Firebrand President Ahmadinejad to Curb His Influence, but a Radical Secret Society Lurked in the Shadows
Magazine article by Ed Blanche; The Middle East, February 2007
Subjects: Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud--Political activity, Hojjatiyya Society--Political activity, Iranian foreign relations--Political aspects, Khamenei, Ali, Ayatollah--Political activity, Rafsanjani, Hashemi--Elections
...former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, with more than a little help...dismisses) the supreme leader. Rafsanjani, universally known as the shark...now seems to be doing again. Rafsanjani and his allies among the so...
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newspaper articles on: Rafsanjani Hashemi  - 155 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Rafsanjani and His Hitmen; Iran's Murder Network Nearly Killed Me
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, June 16, 2005
Subjects: Rafsanjani, Hashemi
Rafsanjani and His Hitmen; Irans Murder Network...all this took place when Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was the clerical regimes president...supreme leader Ali Khamenei, Mr. Rafsanjani, then-Foreign Minister Ali-Akbar...
2.
Iran Now Has Long-Range Missiles - Rafsanjani
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, October 6, 2004
Subjects: Rafsanjani, Hashemi
...Now Has Long-Range Missiles - Rafsanjani. TEHRAN, Iran (AP) Iran said...kilometers," former President Hashemi Rafsanjani said, according to a report...stages in missile production," Rafsanjani told staff at the Aerospace Research...
3.
Ex-Foes Warm to Iran's Influence
Newspaper article by Martin Sieff; The Washington Times, March 15, 1998
Subjects: Iran, Iraq, Rafsanjani, Hashemi
...Iranian President Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani completed a two-week visit...Arabia - his first ever. The Rafsanjani visit expressed "the reciprocal...strengthened with the visit of Mr. Hashemi Rafsanjani to Saudi Arabia," the radio...
4.
Hard-Line Tehran Mayor Wins Iran Presidency
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, June 26, 2005
Subjects: Rafsanjani, Hashemi
...his moderate rival, Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani, who received nearly 35.3...last year, had swung behind Rafsanjani in Fridays vote, hoping to retain...a simple working man against Rafsanjani, a wealthy member of the ruling...
5.
Iranian Hard-Liners Dispatch Militia to Enforce Orthodoxy: Battle with Reform Faction Intensifies
Newspaper article by Andrew Borowiec; The Washington Times, May 21, 1996
Subjects: Rafsanjani, Hashemi
...the fate of President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, whose second term expires this...struggle involves not only Mr. Rafsanjani and his main opponent, parliament...radical Islamic group. Mr. Rafsanjani is barred from serving a third...
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encyclopedia articles on: Rafsanjani Hashemi  - 2 results

 
 
1.
Rafsanjani, Hashemi
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
RAFSANJANI, HASHEMI (Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani)ale ak bar hash me raf sanjan e, 1934 , Iranian religious and political leader, president of Iran (1989 97). A Shiite clergyman and supporter of Ayotallah Khomeini , Rafsanjani was imprisoned...
2.
Khamenei, Ali
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...subsequently survived an assassination attempt. Khamenei was Irans president from 1981 to 1989 when, with the support of Hashemi Rafsanjani he was elected to succeed the late Khomeini as Irans supreme leader, a more powerful post than president in the...


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