SACCHARIN

săkˈərĭn, C7H5NSO3, white, crystalline, aromatic compound. It was discovered accidentally by I. Remsen and C. Fahlberg in 1879. Pure saccharin tastes several hundred times as sweet as sugar. It is not readily soluble in water, but its sodium salt, which is sold commercially, dissolves readily. Saccharin has no nutritional value and is excreted unchanged by the body. It is used as a sweetener by persons who must limit their consumption of sugar. Despite the fact that saccharin causes cancer in laboratory rats, its ban was rescinded after a public outcry. In 1984 the World Health Organization suggested an intake limit of 2.5 mg/day per kg bodyweight. Other nonnutritive artificial sweeteners include sodium cyclamate and aspartame.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Saccharin
We found: 714 results
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118  

 

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books on: Saccharin  - 395 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Experimental Psychology
Book by J. W. Kling, Lorrin A. Riggs; Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971
Subjects: Psychology, Experimental
...found to operate in the same way for saccharin as for sucrose. Not all species of animals react to saccharin in this way. Squirrel monkeys Saimiri...for example, show no preference for saccharin solutions when offered a choice of such...
2.
Context and Learning
Book by Peter D. Balsam, Arthur Tomie; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1985
Subjects: Conditioned Response, Context Effects (Psychology), Learning, Psychology Of, Performance
...compartment + bottle elements present on a saccharin-aversion conditioning trial. Thus, saccharin and LiCl were paired either in the presence...During a subsequent extinction phase, saccharin intake was measured in the presence or absence...
3.
Bargaining with Uncertainty: Decision-Making in Public Health, Technological Safety, and Environmental Quality
Book by Merrie G. Klapp; Auburn House, 1992
Subjects: Environmental Policy, Health Risk Assessment, Medical Policy, Uncertainty
...Over 70 million Americans are exposed to saccharin by consuming it directly as an artificial...combination of ten parts cyclamate to one part saccharin. But since then, Royal Crowns Diet...have all been sweetened primarily with saccharin. The largest group at risk from saccharin...
4.
Information Processing in Animals: Memory Mechanisms
Book by Norman E. Spear, Ralph R. Miller; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1981
Subjects: Animal Psychology--Congresses, Conditioned Response--Congresses, Memory--Congresses
...arm of the maze, which contained the saccharin solution. Session 3 was devoted to a...were allowed to drink as much water and saccharin solution as they wished during the 5...Because poisoning followed ingestion of the saccharin solution, it was of course to be expected...
5.
Health Care Policy in Contemporary America
Book by Alan Marcus, Hamilton Cravens; Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997
Subjects: Medical Policy--United States
...Register 2437 1972 ; and National Academy of Sciences, Safety of Saccharin and Sodium Saccharin in the Human Diet 1974 . Several persons have written about the regulation of saccharin before the FDA announced its intention to ban the substance...
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journal articles on: Saccharin  - 118 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Extinction of a Saccharin-lithium Association: Assessment by Consumption and Taste Reactivity
Journal article by Raúl Cantora, Matías López, Luis Aguado, Shadna Rana, Linda A. Parker; Learning & Behavior, Vol. 34, 2006
Subjects: Animal behavior, Experimental psychology, Extinction, Pharmacology, Rodents, Taste
Extinction of a Saccharin-lithium Association: Assessment...palatability of the illness-paired saccharin solution changes in the direction of...single conditioning trial during which saccharin consumption was paired with lithium...
2.
Chronic Cadmium Exposure Influences Aggressive Responding and Partial Reinforcement Extinction Performance
Journal article by Stephen F. Davis, Julie D. Arb, Matthew T. Huss; The Psychological Record, Vol. 45, 1995
Subjects: Aggressiveness (Psychology)--Research, Cadmium--Toxicology, Saccharin--Toxicology
...cadmium exposed) and Group SAC (saccharin exposed). For the ensuing 112 days...mixing .25 g cadmium per liter of saccharin solution (.15% w/v). This procedure yielded a .15% saccharin solution having 90 ppm cadmium. The...
3.
Efficient Control of Population Structure in Model Organism Association Mapping
Journal article by Hyun Min Kang, Noah A. Zaitlen, Claire M. Wade, Andrew Kirby, David Heckerman, Mark J. Daly, Eleazar Eskin; Genetics, Vol. 178, 2008
Subjects: Genotype & phenotype, Human subjects, Matrix, Methods, Organisms, Principal components analysis, Saccharin, Studies
...phenotypes, liver weight, body weight, and saccharin preference, with QTL identified by previous...38 and 34 strains, respectively. The saccharin preference phenotypes consist of 280...Laboratory 2004). In addition, we used a saccharin preference phenotype where statistically...
4.
Latent Inhibition of Conditioned Disgust Reactions in Rats
Journal article by Matías López, Patricia Gasalla, Mercedes Vega, Cheryl L. Limebeer, Erin M. Rock, Katharine J. Tuerke, Holly Bedard, Linda A. Parker; Learning & Behavior, Vol. 38, 2010
Subjects: Laboratory animals, Rodents
...assessed whether nonreinforced exposure to saccharin prior to conditioning with LiCl retards...with LiCl, rats were preexposed to a saccharin solution by bottle or by IO infusion...Rats were allowed to consume either a saccharin solution (familiar condition) or water...
5.
The Effects of Naloxone on Flavor-Calorie Preference Learning Indicate Involvement of Opioid Reward Systems
Journal article by Ron Mehiel; The Psychological Record, Vol. 46, 1996
Subjects: Learning, Psychology of--Research, Naloxone--Psychological aspects, Opioids--Psychological aspects, Rats as laboratory animals--Psychological aspects, Reflexes--Psychological aspects
...preference ratings for sweets such as saccharin and sucrose up the concentration gradient...paired with a noncaloric US like water or saccharin. After 8 to 10 serial discrimination...testing flavored water without the sugar or saccharin, so spillage is collected and factored...
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magazine articles on: Saccharin  - 88 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Sweetness Minus Calories = Controversy
Magazine article by Chris W. Lecos; FDA Consumer, Vol. 19, February 1985
Subjects: Aspartame--Laws, regulations and rules, Cyclamates--Physiological aspects, Food additives--Research, Nonnutritive sweeteners--Physiological aspects, Saccharin--Laws, regulations and rules, United States. Food and Drug Administration--Laws, regulations and rules
...common to them all has been controversy. Saccharin, which has no calories yet is 300 times...are now consuming products containing saccharin, aspartame, or a combination of the...million people over 18 were consuming saccharin--the only artificial sweetener then...
2.
Sugar Substitutes
Magazine article by John Henkel; FDA Consumer, Vol. 33, November 1999
Subjects: Aspartame--Health aspects, Saccharin--Health aspects, Sugar substitutes--Health aspects, United States. Food and Drug Administration--Laws, regulations and rules
...has approved four sugar substitutes--saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, and sucralose...time. Two approved sugar substitutes, saccharin and aspartame, have been the subject of ongoing controversy that, in the case of saccharin, dates back more than 20 years. Questions...
3.
How Sweet It Is!
Magazine article by Michele L. Trankina; World and I, Vol. 15, February 2000
Subjects: Acesulfame K (Sugar substitute)--Evaluation, Acesulfame potassium--Evaluation, Aspartame--Evaluation, Saccharin--Evaluation, Stevia--Evaluation, Sugar substitutes--Evaluation, Sugar--Physiological aspects, Sweeteners--Evaluation
...consequences.2 Older generation of substitutes Saccharin, the active ingredient in SweetN Lowumlaut...consume 340 mg (nearly 10 packets) of saccharin per day. By comparison, the estimated...100 countries have approved the use of saccharin. But the sweeteners original GRAS designation...
4.
Scientists Discover Americans May Be Cooking Up Trouble
Magazine article by John Elvin; Insight on the News, Vol. 17, August 27, 2001
Subjects: Polytetrafluoroethylene--Health aspects, Saccharin--Health aspects, United States. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences--Research
...that a product might be harmful has to be noted on the label), but it certainly can do damage to the products involved. Saccharin, for example, got a bad rap for years after being listed. It I subsequently was found not to pose the suspected dangers...
5.
Artificial Sweeteners: No Calories ... Sweet!
Magazine article; FDA Consumer, Vol. 40, July 2006
Subjects: Sugar substitutes--Health aspects, Sugar substitutes--Nutritional aspects
...by the Food and Drug Administration: aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame-K, neotame, and sucralose. The agency...phenylketonurics of the presence of phenylalanine. Saccharin Saccharin is 200 to 700 times sweeter than sugar and has no...
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newspaper articles on: Saccharin  - 111 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Saccharin Maker: Warning Should Go
Newspaper article by Kristina Stefanova; The Washington Times, May 18, 2000
Saccharin maker: Warning should go by Kristina Stefanova The maker of saccharin overcame a hurdle when the government said it no...that studies show "no clear association" between saccharin and human cancer. But unless Congress agrees...
2.
A Not So Saccharin Story
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, November 3, 1997
A not so saccharin story How easy it is to start a health...concluded that the artificial sweetener saccharin caused bladder cancer in rats. Within...but not because the case against saccharin has been proven. Quite the contrary...
3.
Saccharin Studies Have Shown the Dangers for over 20 Years
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, January 7, 1999
Saccharin studies have shown the dangers for over...blasting misguided bureaucrats for banning saccharin ("Save the rats," Dec. 27) was...researchers didnt do epidemiologic studies on saccharin. In fact, more than 20 years ago...
4.
Should These Drinks Carry a GOVERNMENT HEALTH WARNING; CANCER FEAR OVER SACCHARIN
Newspaper article by Janet Knight; The Mirror (London, England), July 23, 1996
...GOVERNMENT HEALTH WARNING; CANCER FEAR OVER SACCHARIN. by Janet Knight Its banned in Canada...Britain we get through 1,000 tonnes of saccharin, the sugar substitute, every year...A large proportion of them contain saccharin - and most of them are drunk by kids...
5.
Warning over Too Much Saccharin in Children's Drinks
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), July 23, 1996
Warning over Too Much Saccharin in Childrens Drinks. Byline: SEAN...children at risk by using too much saccharin in their products, it is claimed...limit, the Food Commission says. Saccharin, used in a whole range of diet drinks...
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encyclopedia articles on: Saccharin  - 2 results

 
 
1.
Saccharin
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
SACCHARIN sak rin, C 7 H 5 NSO 3 , white, crystalline...Remsen and C. Fahlberg in 1879. Pure saccharin tastes several hundred times as sweet...sold commercially, dissolves readily. Saccharin has no nutritional value and is excreted...
2.
Sweetener, Artificial
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...as a low-calorie sugar substitute. Saccharin , cyclamates , and aspartame have been...commonly used artificial sweeteners. Saccharin, a coal-tar derivative three hundred...30 times sweet as sugar and, unlike saccharin. have no bitter aftertaste at high concentration...


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