SÈVRES, TREATY OF

1920, peace treaty concluded after World War I at Sèvres, France, between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), on the one hand, and the Allies (excluding Russia and the United States) on the other. The treaty, which liquidated the Ottoman Empire and virtually abolished Turkish sovereignty, followed in the main the decisions reached at San Remo (see San Remo, Conference of). In Asia, Turkey renounced sovereignty over Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestine (including Transjordan), which became British mandates; Syria (including Lebanon), which became a French mandate; and the kingdom of Hejaz. Turkey retained Anatolia but was to grant autonomy to Kurdistan. Armenia became a separate republic under international guarantees, and Smyrna (now Izmir) and its environs was placed under Greek administration pending a plebiscite to determine its permanent status. In Europe, Turkey ceded parts of E Thrace and certain Aegean islands to Greece, and the Dodecanese and Rhodes to Italy, retaining only Constantinople and its environs, including the Zone of the Straits (see Dardanelles), which was neutralized and internationalized. The Allies further obtained virtual control over the Turkish economy. The treaty was accepted by the government of Sultan Muhammad VI at Constantinople but was rejected by the rival nationalist government of Kemal Atatürk at Ankara. Ataturk's separate treaty with the USSR and his subsequent victories against the Greeks forced the Allies to negotiate a new treaty in 1923 (see Lausanne, Treaty of).

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: SEvres Treaty Of
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books on: SEvres Treaty Of  - 1027 results

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1.
Diplomatic Europe since the Treaty of Versailles
Book by Carlo Sforza; Yale University Press, 1928
Subjects: Europe--Politics And Government--1914, Reconstruction (1914-1939)--Europe, Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Territorial Questions
...Angora which were later to result in the stillborn Treaty of Sevres of which you know the sense. The Italians alone were...was in effect to acknowledge that the authors of the Treaty of Sevres had been ill informed, and that it was necessary to...
2.
The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
Book by Martin Sicker; Praeger, 2001
...ISLAMIC WORLD IN DECLINE From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of...Islamic world in decline : from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the disintegration of...present book, which ends with the Treaty of Lausanne that finalized the disintegration...
3.
A History of France from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Versailles
Book by William Stearns Davis; Houghton Mifflin, 1919
Subjects: France--History
...FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES NAPOLEON I A HISTORY...FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES BY WILLIAM STEARNS...terms. In 843 came the once famous "Treaty of Verdun" which was practically the...
4.
What Really Happened at Paris: The Story of the Peace Conference, 1918-1919
Book by Edward Mandell House, Charles Seymour; Charles Scribners Sons, 1921
Subjects: Paris Peace Conference--(1919-1920), Treaty Of Versailles--(1919)
...XIII. THE LABOR CLAUSES OF THE TREATY 319 SAMUEL GOMPERS...XIII. THE LABOR CLAUSES OF THE TREATY 485...and proposed for inclusion in the treaty of peace. The commission drew up these...
5.
The Decadence of Europe: The Paths of Reconstruction
Book by Francesco Nitti, F. Brittain; H. Holt and Company, 1923
Subjects: Europe--Economic Conditions--1918-1945, Reconstruction (1914-1939), Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Reparations
...and agreements laid down after April 23, 1814; and the Treaty of Versailles, concluded on June 28, 1919, after the...Saint-Germain-en-Laye, of the Trianon, of Neuilly, and of Sevres, which were concluded with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria...
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journal articles on: SEvres Treaty Of  - 29 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-29 >>  
 
1.
Turkey's Political Culture as a Necessary Condition for Decoding Its Policies toward Cyprus, Greece, and the European Union
Journal article by Costas Melakopides; Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Vol. 34, 2006
Subjects: Councils, Cyprus, European Union, Foreign policy, International law, Politics, Problems, Turkey
...European) conspiracies, this is the "Sevres syndrome." In his article, "Turkey: Angry Man of Europe," an observer noted in 2001...of the modern republic. An obscure treaty Treaty of Sevres, never implemented, is still a byword...
2.
Iraq after Saddam - What Lies Ahead?
Journal article by Gawdat Bahgat; The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, Vol. 23, 1998
Subjects: Demographics, Future, Iraq, Leadership, Politics, Territorial issues, Water supply
...independent state to represent them. An historical opportunity to establish a Kurdish state was sanctioned in the Treaty of Sevres in 1920. However, this part of the treaty was never implemented. Rather, under completely different circumstances...
3.
Politics and Popular Music in Modern Greece
Journal article by Gail Holst-Warhaft; Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Vol. 30, 2002
Subjects: Greece, Musicology, Politics, Popular music, Theodorakis, Mikis
...help to the Allies during the First World War, the Greeks were granted control of Smyrna and its hinterland under the Treaty of Sevres (1920). By the time the Greek army tried to enforce the mandate by landing in the city in 1921 and setting out to...
4.
Turkish-Greek Balance: A Key to Peace and Cooperation in the Balkans
Journal article by Ilter Turan, Dilek Barlas; East European Quarterly, Vol. 32, 1998
Subjects: Balkan Peninsula--History, Cyprus--Strategic aspects, Greece, Greek foreign relations--Turkey, North Atlantic Treaty Organization--International aspects, Peace--International aspects, Turkey, Turkish foreign relations--Greece, Turkish foreign relations--Turkey
...Turkish National War of Independence. The treaty which was signed by the victorious Nationalist Government of Ankara, replaced the Sevres Treaty which had been imposed on the defeated Empire by the Allies. The emergent Turkish state was, on the whole...
5.
The Turkish-Syrian Crisis of October 1998: a Turkish View
Journal article by Mahmut Bali Aykan; Middle East Policy, Vol. 6, 1999
Subjects: Arab-Israeli Conflict, United States--Foreign Relations--Middle East
...for Turkey. According to them, EU actions confirmed Turkish suspicions that Europe was aiming at reviving the Sevres Treaty of 1920, which had partitioned Anatolia along ethnic lines. 102 This Turkish reaction suggested the further alienation...
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magazine articles on: SEvres Treaty Of  - 27 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-27 >>  
 
1.
The Ghost of Suez
Magazine article by Wayne Merry; American Conservative, Vol. 5, September 11, 2006
Subjects: Colonies & territories, Egypt, Foreign policy, History, Military occupations, Suez Canal, Treaties
...was not a party to the Treaty of Sevres that carved up Turkey...in negotiation of the Treaty of Lausanne, which superceded the abortive Sevres Treaty, mostly to protect...their actions, another Treaty of Sevres, surely a diplomatic...
2.
Turkish Military Fires Warning Shot over EU Membership
Magazine article by Jon Gorvett; The Middle East, May 2002
Subjects: European Union--Membership, Turkey--Relations with European Union
...Europeans still wish to implement the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. The treaty, which was never implemented, was...Great Britain. However, despite the passing of more than 80 years, the suggested Sevres treaty remains a major rallying point for Turkish...
3.
The Gathering Storm
Magazine article by Soli Ozel; Foreign Policy, July 2005
Subjects: Books--Book reviews, The Metal Storm--Book reviews
...headquarters in Tampa, Florida, oversees the U.S. military campaign, which goes by the name of "Operation Sevres." The codename is a reference to the Sevres Treaty, which an exhausted and enfeebled Ottoman Empire signed at the end of the First World...
4.
Catastrophe at Smyrna: Matthew Stewart Traces the Roots of the Greco-Turkish War of 1921-22, and the Consequent Refugee Crisis, to the Postwar Settlements of 1919-20
Magazine article by Matthew Stewart; History Today, Vol. 54, July 2004
Subjects: Cities and towns--Destruction, Cities and towns--History, Greece--History, Greek history, Izmir, Turkey--Destruction, Izmir, Turkey--History, Military occupation--Analysis, Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918--History, Turkey--History, Turkish history, War--Analysis, Wars--Analysis
...awaited settlement in the Treaty of Sevres (France) which was...government had agreed to the Treaty of Sevres, the Nationalists used...Constantinople and much of Thrace would be his...negotiate. A new treaty to supplant Sevres was drawn up at Lausanne...
5.
Two Cheers for Versailles
Magazine article by Mark Mazower; History Today, Vol. 49, July 1999
Subjects: Armistices--History, Eastern Europe--History, World War, 1914-1918--Peace
...settle scores with Jews, Germans, Muslims and other hated, despised or feared peoples. Between 1920 and 1923, the Treaty of Sevres was signed, scrapped and replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne as the struggle between Greece and Turkey shifted first...
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newspaper articles on: SEvres Treaty Of  - 11 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-11 >>  
 
1.
Columnist Ignores the Documentation of Armenian Massacres
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, April 27, 1999
Subjects: Malta
...elite group," were described as "notorious exterminators" of Armenians by the British Foreign Office. Their arrest...transfer to Malta in May 1919 had nothing to do with the Sevres Treaty, which came into existence some 18 months later. Aukland...
2.
Republic Day of Turkey
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, October 28, 2009
...during the Battle of Gallipoll, the Turkish War of Independence was waged with the aim of revoking the terms of the Treaty of Sevres. By September 18, 1922, the occupying armies had been repelled and the country saw the birth of the new Turkish state...
3.
Letter: Turkey Needs to Make Amends
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), November 3, 2007
Subjects: Turkish foreign relations
...The nationalist government of Turkey ripped up the Treaty of Sevres at the end of the First World War and unleashed a genocide...Istanbul and Greece that was awarded to Greece under the Treaty of Sevres could be returned to Greece. Secondly, the area on...
4.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
...trumps,to have discovered some end-ofhistory formula," while the last sentence of thebook is a footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone argues was toointrusive and all-embracing in trying to divide up the Ottoman Empire, noting:"One clause...
5.
Surprising Slant on the Great War; Bogged Down: Canadian Soldiers March through the Mud Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land Pictures from Passchendaele 1917: The Story of the Fallen, by Frank Bostyn and Jan Van der Fraeden, Published by Pen and Sword, [Pounds Sterling]25
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
Subjects: Soldiers
...trumps,to have discovered some endofhistory formula," while the last sentence of thebook is a footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone argues was toointrusive and all-embracing in trying to divide up the Ottoman Empire, noting:"One clause...
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encyclopedia articles on: SEvres Treaty Of  - 19 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-19 >>  
 
1.
Lausanne, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...LAUSANNE, TREATY OF 1922 23. The peace treaty (see Sevres, Treaty of ) imposed by the Allies on the Ottoman Empire after...new peace treaty. Accordingly, the signatories of the Treaty of Sevres and delegates of the USSR (excluded from the previous...
2.
SÈvres, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
SEVRES, TREATY OF 1920, peace treaty...after World War I at Sevres, France, between the...on the other. The treaty, which liquidated the...San Remo, Conference of ). In Asia, Turkey...1923 (see Lausanne, Treaty of...
3.
Paris, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...1920 in or near Paris (see Versailles, Treaty of ; Saint-Germain, Treaty of ; Neuilly, Treaty of ; Trianon, Treaty of ; Sevres, Treaty of ). Again, after World War II, peace treaties were signed in Paris in 1947 between the Allies and Italy...
4.
Versailles, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Trianon , for Hungary; Neuilly , for Bulgaria; and Sevres , for Turkey. Signed on June 28, 1919, by Germany on the one hand and by the Allies (save Russia) on the other, the Treaty of Versailles embodied the results of the long and often...
5.
San Remo, Conference Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...executing the Treaty of Versailles (1919) were discussed, the basic features of a peace treaty with Turkey (see Sevres, Treaty of ) were adopted, and Class A mandates in the Middle East were allotted. ____________________ Copyright 2009...
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