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SÈVRES, TREATY OF

1920, peace treaty concluded after World War I at Sèvres, France, between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), on the one hand, and the Allies (excluding Russia and the United States) on the other. The treaty, which liquidated the Ottoman Empire and virtually abolished Turkish sovereignty, followed in the main the decisions reached at San Remo (see San Remo, Conference of). In Asia, Turkey renounced sovereignty over Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestine (including Transjordan), which became British mandates; Syria (including Lebanon), which became a French mandate; and the kingdom of Hejaz. Turkey retained Anatolia but was to grant autonomy to Kurdistan. Armenia became a separate republic under international guarantees, and Smyrna (now Izmir) and its environs was placed under Greek administration pending a plebiscite to determine its permanent status. In Europe, Turkey ceded parts of E Thrace and certain Aegean islands to Greece, and the Dodecanese and Rhodes to Italy, retaining only Constantinople and its environs, including the Zone of the Straits (see Dardanelles), which was neutralized and internationalized. The Allies further obtained virtual control over the Turkish economy. The treaty was accepted by the government of Sultan Muhammad VI at Constantinople but was rejected by the rival nationalist government of Kemal Atatürk at Ankara. Ataturk's separate treaty with the USSR and his subsequent victories against the Greeks forced the Allies to negotiate a new treaty in 1923 (see Lausanne, Treaty of).

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Questia Books and Articles on: SEvres Treaty Of

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books on: SEvres Treaty Of - 1023 results

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Diplomatic Europe since the Treaty of Versailles
Book by Carlo Sforza; Yale University Press, 1928
Subjects:	Europe--Politics And Government--1914, Reconstruction (1914-1939)--Europe, Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Territorial Questions
...Angora which were later to result in the stillborn Treaty of Sevres of which you know the sense. The Italians alone were...was in effect to acknowledge that the authors of the Treaty of Sevres had been ill informed, and that it was necessary to...

The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire
Book by Martin Sicker; Praeger, 2001
...ISLAMIC WORLD IN DECLINE From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of...Islamic world in decline : from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the disintegration of...present book, which ends with the Treaty of Lausanne that finalized the disintegration...

A History of France from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Versailles
Book by William Stearns Davis; Houghton Mifflin, 1919
Subjects:	France--History
...FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES NAPOLEON I A HISTORY...FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES BY WILLIAM STEARNS...terms. In 843 came the once famous "Treaty of Verdun" which was practically the...

What Really Happened at Paris: The Story of the Peace Conference, 1918-1919
Book by Edward Mandell House, Charles Seymour; Charles Scribners Sons, 1921
Subjects:	Paris Peace Conference--(1919-1920), Treaty Of Versailles--(1919)
...XIII. THE LABOR CLAUSES OF THE TREATY* 319 SAMUEL GOMPERS...XIII. THE LABOR CLAUSES OF THE TREATY 485...and proposed for inclusion in the treaty of peace. The commission drew up these...*

The Decadence of Europe: The Paths of Reconstruction
Book by Francesco Nitti, F. Brittain; H. Holt and Company, 1923
Subjects:	Europe--Economic Conditions--1918-1945, Reconstruction (1914-1939), Treaty Of Versailles--(1919), World War, 1914-1918--Reparations
...and agreements laid down after April 23, 1814; and the Treaty of Versailles, concluded on June 28, 1919, after the...Saint-Germain-en-Laye, of the Trianon, of Neuilly, and of Sevres, which were concluded with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria...

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journal articles on: SEvres Treaty Of - 23 results

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Turkish-Greek Balance: A Key to Peace and Cooperation in the Balkans
Journal article by Ilter Turan, Dilek Barlas; East European Quarterly, Vol. 32, 1998
Subjects:	Balkan Peninsula--History, Cyprus--Strategic aspects, Greece, Greek foreign relations--Turkey, North Atlantic Treaty Organization--International aspects, Peace--International aspects, Turkey, Turkish foreign relations--Greece, Turkish foreign relations--Turkey
...Turkish National War of Independence. The treaty which was signed by the victorious Nationalist Government of Ankara, replaced the Sevres Treaty which had been imposed on the defeated Empire by the Allies. The emergent Turkish state was, on the whole...

The Turkish-Syrian Crisis of October 1998: a Turkish View
Journal article by Mahmut Bali Aykan; Middle East Policy, Vol. 6, 1999
Subjects:	Arab-Israeli Conflict, United States--Foreign Relations--Middle East
...for Turkey. According to them, EU actions confirmed Turkish suspicions that Europe was aiming at reviving the Sevres Treaty of 1920, which had partitioned Anatolia along ethnic lines. 102 This Turkish reaction suggested the further alienation...

The Search for Justice in the Former Yugoslavia and Beyond: Analyzing the Rights of the Accused under the Statute and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
Journal article by Vincent M. Creta; Houston Journal of International Law, Vol. 20, 1998
Subjects:	Criminal procedure (International law)--Analysis, United Nations. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia--Practice
...Treaty of Versailles."(30) The Treaty of Sevres in 1920 required Turkey to relinquish...borders to the Allies.(31) The Treaty of Sevres was never ratified, however...Lausanne, which replaced the Treaty of Sevres, did not provide for the criminal...

The League of Nations' Predicament in Southeastern Europe
Journal article by Laura Garcés; World Affairs, Vol. 158, 1995
Subjects:	Arbitration, International
...November 1919. 25 In addition, the provisions of the July 1923 Convention of Lausanne that superseded the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, provided for the obligatory exchange of Greek Orthodox Turkish nationals with Greek Muslims, under the guarantee...

Responding to Rwanda: Accountability Mechanisms in the Aftermath of Genocide
Journal article by Michael P. Scharf; Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 52, 1999
Subjects:	Genocide--Rwanda, International courts--Management, Rwanda--Military aspects, War crimes--Rwanda
...responsible for the massacres. The Treaty of Sevres, signed on 10 August 1920, would...Allied Powers for trial. The Treaty of Sevres was, however, not ratified and...the Allied Powers and Turkey Treaty of Sevres, 10 August 1920, in American...

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magazine articles on: SEvres Treaty Of - 25 results

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Turkish Military Fires Warning Shot over EU Membership
Magazine article by Jon Gorvett; The Middle East, May 2002
Subjects:	European Union--Membership, Turkey--Relations with European Union
...Europeans still wish to implement the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. The treaty, which was never implemented, was...Great Britain. However, despite the passing of more than 80 years, the suggested Sevres treaty remains a major rallying point for Turkish...

Catastrophe at Smyrna: Matthew Stewart Traces the Roots of the Greco-Turkish War of 1921-22, and the Consequent Refugee Crisis, to the Postwar Settlements of 1919-20
Magazine article by Matthew Stewart; History Today, Vol. 54, July 2004
Subjects:	Cities and towns--Destruction, Cities and towns--History, Greece--History, Greek history, Izmir, Turkey--Destruction, Izmir, Turkey--History, Military occupation--Analysis, Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918--History, Turkey--History, Turkish history, War--Analysis, Wars--Analysis
...awaited settlement in the Treaty of Sevres (France) which was...government had agreed to the Treaty of Sevres, the Nationalists used...Constantinople and much of Thrace would be his...negotiate. A new treaty to supplant Sevres was drawn up at Lausanne...

The Gathering Storm
Magazine article by Soli Ozel; Foreign Policy, July 2005
Subjects:	Books--Book reviews, The Metal Storm--Book reviews
...headquarters in Tampa, Florida, oversees the U.S. military campaign, which goes by the name of "Operation Sevres." The codename is a reference to the Sevres Treaty, which an exhausted and enfeebled Ottoman Empire signed at the end of the First World...

Two Cheers for Versailles
Magazine article by Mark Mazower; History Today, Vol. 49, July 1999
Subjects:	Armistices--History, Eastern Europe--History, World War, 1914-1918--Peace
...settle scores with Jews, Germans, Muslims and other hated, despised or feared peoples. Between 1920 and 1923, the Treaty of Sevres was signed, scrapped and replaced by the Treaty of Lausanne as the struggle between Greece and Turkey shifted first...

The Otogar Is the Way to Go: By Bus through Turkey
Magazine article by Donald F. Lynch; Focus, Vol. 44, Winter 1997
Subjects:	Bus travel--Personal narratives, Turkey--Description and travel
...equipment, Russian in origin, and studied a map which showed how Turkey had been divided into zones of influence by the Treaty of Sevres of 1920. Essentially, western and southern Anatolia had been divided between France and Italy, while a strong British...

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newspaper articles on: SEvres Treaty Of - 10 results

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Columnist Ignores the Documentation of Armenian Massacres
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, April 27, 1999
Subjects:	Malta
...elite group," were described as "notorious exterminators" of Armenians by the British Foreign Office. Their arrest...transfer to Malta in May 1919 had nothing to do with the Sevres Treaty, which came into existence some 18 months later. Aukland...

Letter: Turkey Needs to Make Amends
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), November 3, 2007
Subjects:	Turkish foreign relations
...The nationalist government of Turkey ripped up the Treaty of Sevres at the end of the First World War and unleashed a genocide...Istanbul and Greece that was awarded to Greece under the Treaty of Sevres could be returned to Greece. Secondly, the area on...

Surprising Slant on the Great War; Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
...trumps,to have discovered some end-ofhistory formula," while the last sentence of thebook is a footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone argues was toointrusive and all-embracing in trying to divide up the Ottoman Empire, noting:"One clause...

Kurds Build Own Identity; U.S. Gives Long-Awaited Taste of Peace, Freedom
Newspaper article; The Washington Times, August 18, 2004
Subjects:	Kurdistan Democratic Party
...a country in the Aug. 10, 1920, Treaty of Sevres that divided the former Ottoman...independence to Armenia. However, the treaty drafted in Sevres, France, was ignored by Kemal Ataturk, founder of modern Turkey, who did honor the...

Surprising Slant on the Great War; Bogged Down: Canadian Soldiers March through the Mud Mud, Blood and Mayhem: Mustard Gas Drifts over Passchendaele as a German Machine Gun Unit Strafes No Man's Land Pictures from Passchendaele 1917: The Story of the Fallen, by Frank Bostyn and Jan Van der Fraeden, Published by Pen and Sword, [Pounds Sterling]25
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), July 16, 2007
Subjects:	Soldiers
...trumps,to have discovered some endofhistory formula," while the last sentence of thebook is a footnote about the 1920 Treaty of Sevres, which Stone argues was toointrusive and all-embracing in trying to divide up the Ottoman Empire, noting:"One clause...

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encyclopedia articles on: SEvres Treaty Of - 19 results

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Lausanne, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...LAUSANNE, TREATY OF 1922 23. The peace treaty (see Sevres, Treaty of ) imposed by the Allies on the Ottoman Empire after...new peace treaty. Accordingly, the signatories of the Treaty of Sevres and delegates of the USSR (excluded from the previous...

SÈvres, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
SEVRES, TREATY OF 1920, peace treaty...after World War I at Sevres, France, between the...on the other. The treaty, which liquidated the...San Remo, Conference of ). In Asia, Turkey...1923 (see Lausanne, Treaty of...

Paris, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...1920 in or near Paris (see Versailles, Treaty of ; Saint-Germain, Treaty of ; Neuilly, Treaty of ; Trianon, Treaty of ; Sevres, Treaty of ). Again, after World War II, peace treaties were signed in Paris in 1947 between the Allies and Italy...

Versailles, Treaty Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Trianon , for Hungary; Neuilly , for Bulgaria; and Sevres , for Turkey. Signed on June 28, 1919, by Germany on the one hand and by the Allies (save Russia) on the other, the Treaty of Versailles embodied the results of the long and often...

San Remo, Conference Of
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...executing the Treaty of Versailles (1919) were discussed, the basic features of a peace treaty with Turkey (see Sevres, Treaty of ) were adopted, and Class A mandates in the Middle East were allotted. ____________________ Copyright 2009...

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