SHALE

sedimentary rock formed by the consolidation of mud or clay, having the property of splitting into thin layers parallel to its bedding planes. Shale tends to be fissile, i.e., it tends to split along planar surfaces between the layers of stratified rock. Shales comprise an estimated 55% of all sedimentary rocks. The composition of shale varies widely. Shales with very high silica content may have been formed when large quantities of diatoms and volcanic ash were present in the original sediment. Large numbers of fossils in shales may give them a high calcium content; such shales may grade into limestones. Shales that contain a large percentage of alumina are used as a source of that mineral in the manufacture of cement. Shales containing abundant carbonaceous matter grade into bituminous coal. Oil shales are widely distributed in the W United States and may be a future source of petroleum.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Shale
We found: 3962 results
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1957  

 

Journal articles:

 

633  

 

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417  

 

Newspaper articles:

 

915  

 

Encyclopedia articles:

 

40  
 

books on: Shale  - 1957 results

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1.
Conflict in Asia: Korea, China-Taiwan, and India-Pakistan
Book by Uk Heo, Shale A.Horowitz; Praeger, 2003
Subjects: China--Foreign Relations--Taiwan, India--Foreign Relations--Pakistan, Korea (North)--Foreign Relations--Korea (South), Korea (South)--Foreign Relations--Korea (North), Pakistan--Foreign Relations--India, Taiwan--Foreign Relations--China, World Politics--1989-
...India-Pakistan/edited by Uk Heo and Shale A. Horowitz. p. cm. Includes bibliographical...I. Heo, Uk, 1962- II. Horowitz, Shale Asher. DS910.2.K7C66 2003 327.095...available. Copyright 2003 by Uk Heo and Shale A. Horowitz All rights reserved. No portion...
2.
Human Rights and Societies in Transition: Causes, Consequences, Responses
Book by Shale Horowitz, Albrecht Schnabel; United Nations University Press, 2004
Subjects: Human Rights, Human Rights--Case Studies
...in transition : causes, consequences, responses / edited by Shale Horowitz and Albrecht Schnabel. p. cm. Includes bibliographical...Human rights. 2. Human rights-Case studies. I. Horowitz, Shale Asher. II. Schnabel, Albrecht. JC571.H86 2004 323-dc22...
3.
The Accession Story: The EU from Fifteen to Twenty-Five Countries
Book by George Vassiliou; Oxford University Press, 2007
Subjects: Europe--Economic Integration--History, European Union--History
...some basic facts. Estonia has a long tradition of oil shale mining and research. The first geological oil shale investigations in Estonia were made as early as 1858. The mining of oil shale began in 1918 near Kohtla-jdrve in north-east Estonia...
4.
Energy Policy and Third World Development
Book by Pradip K. Ghosh; Greenwood Press, 1984
Subjects: Energy Consumption--Developing Countries, Energy Industries--Developing Countries, Energy Policy--Developing Countries
...boilers, usually for power generation. Oil shales are widely distributed and estimated reserves...of oil obtainable by heating one ton of shale. The richer shales yield 25 to 100 US gallons of oil per ton of shale; the majority of deposits are leaner...
5.
Technological Trends and National Policy: Including the Social Implications of New Inventions. June 1937
Book; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1937
Subjects: Technology Assessment, Technology--Social Aspects--United States, Technology--United States
...000 barrels of shale gasoline in 1937...Africa, oil-bearing shales have been reported...oil from the Newnes shales, New South Wales...deposits exist, and the shale is rich in oil...indicating exploitation. Shale-oil production...the Manchurian oil shales did not begin until...
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journal articles on: Shale  - 633 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The Global Shale Gas Initiative: Will the United States Be the Role Model for the Development of Shale Gas around the World?
Journal article by Susan L. Sakmar; Houston Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, 2011
Subjects: Natural gas exploration--Laws, regulations and rules, Oil and gas exploration--Laws, regulations and rules, Oil well drilling--Laws, regulations and rules, Shale oils--Laws, regulations and rules
...emerging as potential shale gas players while other...underway such as the Gas Shales in Europe (GASH...also Amy Westervelt, Shale Gas Booming Globally...com/news/20100809/shale.gas.booming.globally...UNCONVENTIONAL GAS SHALES: DEVELOPMENT, TECHNOLOGY...
2.
Science and the Reasonable Development of Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Resources in Pennsylvania and New York
Journal article by Lynn Kerr McKay, Ralph H. Johnson, Laurie Alberts Salita; Energy Law Journal, Vol. 32, 2011
Subjects: Environmental impact, Hydraulic fracturing, Natural gas exploration, New York, Oil shale, Pennsylvania, State regulation, United States
...the Reasonable Development of Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Resources in Pennsylvania and...natural gas resources in the Marcellus Shale formation1 continues to bring lower energy...drinking water wells due to nearby Marcellus Shale operations abound. Actions regarding Marcellus...
3.
Blind Rush? Shale Gas Boom Proceeds amid Human Health Questions
Journal article; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 119, 2011
Subjects: Oil well drilling--Health aspects, Petroleum industry--Environmental aspects, Pollution control--Health aspects, Risk factors (Health)--Research, Shale oils--Health aspects, Shale oils--Research
Blind Rush? Shale Gas Boom Proceeds amid Human Health Questions...deposit in Pennsylvania called the Marcellus Shale. Geologists had long believed the Marcellus was full of gas trapped in shale pores deep underground, like bubbles in fossilized...
4.
Assessment of Vegetation Performance on Semicoke Dumps of Kohtla-Jarve Oil Shale Industry, Estonia/Kohtla-Jarve Poolkoksimagede Taimkatte Seisund
Journal article by Riina Vaht, Margus Pensa, Mait Sepp, Aarne Luud, Helen Karu, Tiina Elvisto; Estonian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 59, 2010
Subjects: Oil shales--Environmental aspects, Oil shales--Production data, Oil-shales--Environmental aspects, Oil-shales--Production data, Petroleum industry--Environmental aspects, Petroleum industry--Production data
...Mineral composition of Estonian oil shale semi-coke sediments. Oil Shale, 24, 405-422. Oja, V., Elenurm...Yanchilin, A. 2007. Comparison of oil shales from different deposits: oil shale pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis with ash...
5.
Shale Gas in Poland - the Legal Framework for Granting Concessions for Prospecting and Exploration of Hydrocarbons
Journal article by Wojciech Baginski; Energy Law Journal, Vol. 32, 2011
Subjects: Energy policy, Hydrocarbons, Oil exploration, Oil shale, Poland
Shale Gas in Poland - the Legal Framework for Granting...the world reported that vast reserves of shale gas are believed by experts to exist in Poland...Polish officials believe that exploitation of shale gas in Europe could change its energy paradigm...
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magazine articles on: Shale  - 417 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The Coming Shale Gale: Recently Considered to Be Waning, Natural-Gas Production Is Now Booming, Thanks to New Methods of Obtaining Gas from Shale Stone. but Environmentalists Want to End the Drilling
Magazine article by Ed Hiserodt; The New American, Vol. 27, June 20, 2011
Subjects: Carter, Jimmy (American president)--Energy policy, Ex-presidents--Energy policy, Natural gas--Laws, regulations and rules, Natural gas--Production management, Oil shales--Environmental aspects, Oil shales--Laws, regulations and rules, Oil well drilling--Environmental aspects, Oil well drilling--Laws, regulations and rules, Oil-shales--Environmental aspects, Oil-shales--Laws, regulations and rules
The Coming Shale Gale: Recently Considered to Be Waning...to New Methods of Obtaining Gas from Shale Stone. but Environmentalists Want...reservoirs--from conventional, tight and shales, to coals." Shale-gas resources, in particular, have...
2.
Paint Claims & Oil Shale Fail
Magazine article; E, Vol. 20, September 2009
Subjects: Dibrindisi, Bob--Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, LeDoux, Larry--Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Oil shales--Evaluation, Oil-shales--Evaluation, Paint--Evaluation, Paints--Evaluation
Paint Claims Oil Shale Fail. Dear EarthTalk: Do insulating paints...com. Dear EarthTalk: Are the vast oil shale resources in the U.S. a potential source...Larry LeDoux, Honolulu, HI Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that...
3.
Showdown on the Burgess Shale: the Challenge / the Reply
Magazine article by Simon Conway Morris, Stephen Jay Gould; Natural History, Vol. 107, December 1998
Subjects: Biology, Evolution, Fossils, Gould, Stephen Jay, Morris, Simon Conway
Showdown on the Burgess Shale: the Challenge / the Reply...million-year-old Burgess Shale, found between two peaks in...major lesson of the Burgess Shale. If you rerun the tape of evolution...instead from one of the Burgess Shales other "weird" body plans...
4.
Shale Tales
Magazine article by Robert H. Mohlenbrock; Natural History, Vol. 105, August 1996
Subjects: Colorado, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Fossils, National parks
Shale Tales by Robert H. Mohlenbrock A dozen miles...the animals and plants became fossilized in shale-even insects and leaves were preserved...day meadow, treeless because the volcanic shale beneath the topsoil resists deep root penetration...
5.
Swapping Oil for Water in Rockies
Magazine article; USA Today (Society for the Advancement of Education), Vol. 137, September 2008
Subjects: Oil shales--Environmental aspects, Oil-shales--Environmental aspects, Petroleum industry--Environmental aspects, Petroleum industry--Planning, Petroleum industry--Production processes, Petroleum mining--Environmental aspects
...Colorado, and Utah for commercial oil shale production, according to a report by the...report. "By putting out long-term oil shale production regulations, they are proposing...that current research efforts into oil shale will not produce any tangible results for...
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newspaper articles on: Shale  - 915 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Shale Gas 'A Bigger Polluter Than Coal and Oil' Says Study; RESEARCH SUPPORTS FEARS OF CAMPAIGN AGAINST 'FRACKING'
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), June 8, 2011
Subjects: Coal industry, Methane, Shale oils
Shale Gas A Bigger Polluter Than Coal and Oil Says...than coal. The possibility of extracting shale gas using a controversial process known as...about the extraction of natural gas from shale. The study, led by Professor Robert Howarth...
2.
THE FINAL CALL; Shale Spoke of Irritation in 'Last Chat' before Death
Newspaper article; The Mirror (London, England), June 28, 2011
Subjects: Shale, Shales
THE FINAL CALL; Shale Spoke of Irritation in Last Chat before...memo criticising the party. Christopher Shale, a close friend and aide of Mr Cameron...but dont worry, Ill deal with it." Mr Shale, 56, had phone conversations earlier...
3.
QER Develops Shale Oil Site at Yarwun; A Small-Scale Demonstration Plant Will Be Built
Newspaper article; The Observer (Gladstone, Australia), December 28, 2010
Subjects: Oil shales, Oil-shales, Shale oils
QER Develops Shale Oil Site at Yarwun; A Small-Scale Demonstration...QUEENSLAND Energy Resources (QER) has an oil shale mine and associated facilities at its new...vertical kiln technology for processing oil shale. The plant is a key component of QERs...
4.
How Rock Will Fuel Our Future; A Report by a Committee of MPs Ruled Yesterday That Controversial "Shale" Gas Drilling Should Not Be Banned in the UK. Matt Ridley Tells PETER McCUSKER Why They Are Right
Newspaper article; The Journal (Newcastle, England), May 24, 2011
Subjects: Drilling and boring--Reports, Drilling--Reports, Legislators--Reports, Natural gas--Reports, Ridley, Matt, Shale oils--Reports
...MPs Ruled Yesterday That Controversial "Shale" Gas Drilling Should Not Be Banned in...in his recently-published report The Shale Gas Shock that this source of energy could power the world for generations. Shale gas is found in sedimentary rocks and the...
5.
BETWEEN A ROCK AND A HARD PLACE; Environmental Concerns about the Risks Associated with Drilling for Shale Gas Natural Gas Trapped in Shale Rock Deep below South Wales Could Provide a New Energy Source and Lucrative Industry. but at What Environmental Cost? Peter Law Reports
Newspaper article; South Wales Echo (Cardiff, Wales), April 9, 2011
Subjects: Gas industry, Natural gas, Shale oils
...Concerns about the Risks Associated with Drilling for Shale Gas Natural Gas Trapped in Shale Rock Deep below South Wales Could Provide a New...source beneath our green, green grass. Its called shale gas and the Bridgend-based company hopes its...
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encyclopedia articles on: Shale  - 40 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 >>  
 
1.
Shale
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...parallel to its bedding planes. Shale tends to be fissile, i.e...the layers of stratified rock. Shales comprise an estimated 55% of...sedimentary rocks. The composition of shale varies widely. Shales with very high silica content...
2.
Triassic Period
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...formations of W North America are chiefly marine shale and limestone, with considerable igneous...Scotia to North Carolina. Composed of shale, conglomerate, and sandstone, this Newark...emergent, and red sandstone and sandy shale, with some salt and gypsum, were deposited...
3.
Carboniferous Period
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the formation of limestone, shale, and sandstone. In the Appalachian...great deposits of sandstone and shale were laid down by the erosion...activity. E of the Rhine, shales, sandstones, and conglomerates...Pennsylvanian beds are chiefly shale, sandstone, and coal; over...
4.
Clay
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...by the disintegration and solution of shale. One of the commonest processes of...clay layers can be transformed into shale. Under the intense heat and pressure that may develop in the layers, the shale can be metamorphosed into slate. Uses...
5.
Cretaceous Period
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...i.e., sandstone, shale, and conglomerate...925 m) of Shastan shales, with sandstone and...of sandstone and sandy shale, which contain workable...were composed chiefly of shales, limestone, and some...deposition of the Montana shale and sandstone and then...
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