STREPTOMYCIN

strĕpˌtōmīˈsĭn, antibiotic produced by soil bacteria of the genus Streptomyces and active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (see Gram's stain), including species resistant to other antibiotics, e.g., some streptococci, penicillin-resistant staphylococci, and bacteria of the genera Proteus and Pseudomonas. Originally isolated by Selman A. Waksman and Albert Schatz in 1947, streptomycin is effective against tubercle bacilli and is a mainstay of tuberculosis therapy. Because streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli emerge during treatment, the antibiotic is usually used in combination with one or more of the drugs isoniazid, ethambutol, and aminosalicylic acid. Streptomycin acts by inhibiting protein synthesis and damaging cell membranes in susceptible microorganisms. Possible side effects include injury to the kidneys and nerve damage that can result in dizziness and deafness.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Streptomycin
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books on: Streptomycin  - 330 results

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1.
Antibiotics of Actinomycetes - Vol. 3
Book by Selman A. Waksman, Hubert A. Lechevalier; Williams & Wilkins, 1962
Subjects: Actinomycetales, Antibiotics
...dependent mutants. Streptomycin and catenulin, when...promoting action for streptomycin and catenulin. Neamine...incompatibility with various streptomycins. Hashimoto 1955 obtained a partially streptomycin-dependent strain from...
2.
The Biological Basis of Human Freedom
Book by Theodosius Dobzhansky; Columbia University Press, 1956
Subjects: Evolution, Human Beings
...remarkable thing about the streptomycin-resistant mutants is that...merely resistant but also streptomycin-dependent. These mutants...nutrient media that are free of streptomycin. Here we have an environmental...
3.
Evolution, Genetics, and Man
Book by Theodosius Dobzhansky; John Wiley & Sons, 1955
Subjects: Evolution, Genetics, Human Beings--Origin
...bacteriophage attacks and sensitive to streptomycin? Why have the resistant mutants not...experiments. Close to 60 per cent of the streptomycin-resistant mutants in colon bacteria are also streptomycin dependent; these mutants are unable...
4.
Classic Papers in Genetics
Book by James A. Peters; Prentice-Hall, 1959
Subjects: Genetics
...other or with fermentative markers. Streptomycin resistance provided still another marker...selective methods. This can be done with streptomycin resistance since the wild type condition...harvested cells were exposed to FA from streptomycin resistant and sensitive "parents...
5.
Laughing Gas, Viagra, and Lipitor: The Human Stories behind the Drugs We Use
Book by Jie Jack Li; Oxford University Press, 2006
Subjects: Drugs--Miscellanea, Nitrous Oxide, Sildenafil
...was a group leader at Merck in the 1940s. Streptomycin, being an amino sugar, is extremely soluble...freeze-dried, which furnished the purest streptomycin they had yet seen. Streptomycin was the first drug to be effective against...
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journal articles on: Streptomycin  - 239 results

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1.
The Fitness Cost of Streptomycin Resistance Depends on Rpsl Mutation, Carbon Source and Rpos ([Sigma
Journal article by Wilhelm Paulander, Sophie Maisnier-Patin, Dan I. Andersson; Vol. 183, 2009
Subjects: Antibiotics, Bacteria, E coli, Genetics, Microbiology
The Fitness Cost of Streptomycin Resistance Depends on Rpsl Mutation...Evidence presented here shows that a streptomycin resistance mutation produces distinct...tetracycline, or 100 mg/liter streptomycin) and amino acids (100 mm) were...
2.
Experimental Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Journal article by Amy C. Krist, Sasha A. Showsh; The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 69, 2007
Subjects: Bacteria--Genetic aspects, Bacteria--Research, Drug resistance in microorganisms--Research, Microbial drug resistance--Research, Science experiments, Science experiments (Education)
...evolves resistance to the antibiotic streptomycin. Evolution of antibiotic resistance...in this experiment. The antibiotic streptomycin prevents bacterial growth and division...thuringiensis to become resistant to streptomycin. One mutation alters the shape of...
3.
Vestibulotoxicity and Management of Vestibular Disorders
Journal article by John P. Carey; The Volta Review, Vol. 105, 2005
Subjects: Antibiotics, Deafness, Ears & hearing, Surgery, Toxicity
...Waksman first reported the isolation of streptomycin from an Actinomyces soil fungus that...infections. Moreover, the activity of streptomycin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis...Unfortunately, it soon became apparent that streptomycin had a potentially devastating side...
4.
Salmonella and Other Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy-Cow Feed Ingredients: Antimicrobial Resistance in Western Oregon
Journal article by Riam S. Kidd, Annette M. Rossignol, Michael J. Gamroth; Journal of Environmental Health, Vol. 64, 2002
Subjects: Animal feeding and feeds--Contamination, Animal feeding and feeds--Safety and security measures, Dairy cattle--Food and nutrition, Enterobacteriaceae--Environmental aspects, Food safety--Safety and security measures, Food--Safety and security measures, Foodborne diseases--Environmental aspects, Salmonella--Environmental aspects
...microg), ciprofloxacin (5 microg), streptomycin (10 microg) and tetracycline (30...chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. As shown in Table...resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, or a combination of the three. Overall...
5.
Clinical Trials and the Reorganization of Medical Research in Post-second World War Britain
Journal article by Helen Valier, Carsten Timmermann; Medical History, Vol. 52, 2008
...value of the antituberculosis drug streptomycin elevated the technique to international...the late 1940s. The 1948 trials of streptomycin conducted by the British Medical Research...randomized controlled trials. Indeed, the streptomycin trials, and the trials of PAS and...
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magazine articles on: Streptomycin  - 86 results

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1.
The Discovery of Streptomycin
Magazine article by Terry Sharrer; The Scientist, Vol. 21, August 2007
Subjects: Industrial development, Microbiology, Soil microorganisms
...Schatz. Schatz soon isolated streptomycin, an aminoglycoside that...February 1945. She was streptomycins first success against TB...Waksman and Schatz for "streptomycin and process of preparation...greater credit for discovering streptomycins importance. Schatz sued...
2.
Now Hear This: New Research Aims to Restore Lost Hearing
Magazine article by Christen Brownlee; Science News, Vol. 169, May 20, 2006
Subjects: Hearing loss--Analysis, Hearing loss--Care and treatment, Hearing loss--Research, Streptomycin--Analysis, Streptomycin--Complications and side effects, Streptomycin--Research
...rescue the toddler with intravenous doses of the antibiotic streptomycin. However, that lifesaving treatment could have a lifelong...drives me." Steygers research focuses on how drugs such as streptomycin enter and kill hair cells, the sensory cells in the inner...
3.
Update on Tuberculosis
Magazine article by Gary D. Theilman, Elizabeth I. Barabas; Drug Topics, Vol. 139, August 7, 1995
Subjects: Drugs, Health care, Pharmaceutical industry, Respiratory diseases, Statistical data, United States
...the experiment was declared a failure. After streptomycin was developed, the incidence of tuberculosis...rifampin are likely to be resistant to rifabutin. Streptomycin Streptomycin, introduced in 1944, was the first of the antitubercular...
4.
Chemical and Biological Agents of War: Concept, Cause, Care
Magazine article by Domenic A. Sammarco; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, January 21, 2002
Subjects: Biological & chemical weapons, Health care, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacists, United States
...treated with aminoglycosides, preferably streptomycin, plus chloramphenicol when meningitis...isolation. Antibiotics. Since 1948, streptomycin has remained the treatment of choice...but can be used as an alternative to streptomycin or given together with chloramphenicol...
5.
Curable, Preventable, but Still a Killer; TB
Magazine article by Annabel Hecht; FDA Consumer, Vol. 20, December 1986
Subjects: Tuberculosis--Case studies
...the first effective anti-TB drug, streptomycin, was introduced. The number of cases...treatment, other drugs may be added: streptomycin, ethambutol or pyrazinamide. TB drugs...or even temporary loss of vision. Streptomycin may permanently damage hearing. Pyrazinamide...
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newspaper articles on: Streptomycin  - 31 results

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1.
The Use of Antibiotics in Food Animals
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, November 27, 2005
Subjects: Antibiotics, Food
...bacteria. Penicillin was followed by streptomycin that was discovered by Waksman an American...antibiotics derived from both penicillin and streptomycin. All of these antibiotics were used...American researchers reported that feeding streptomycin in small amounts to chicks promoted...
2.
TB Home Draws Former Patients
Newspaper article; Daily Post (Liverpool, England), August 24, 2004
...Chances of survival were slim until the arrival of the drug streptomycin. ``I was drawn back to Highland Moors last year -- it...24 and my late sister Edna was also treated for TB. I had streptomycin but it came too late for Megan. ``I was staying atHighland...
3.
A Breath of Fresh Air; Scenic: Views of Blencathra in Cumbria. Inset: The Field Centre
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), August 27, 2007
...Keswick and Derwentwater. Before the invention/discovery of streptomycin, the only known treatment for TB was fresh air (for which...constant benefit of the fresh air morning and night. Once streptomycin had virtually eradicated TB, the centre was converted into...
4.
Tuberculosis
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, August 25, 2004
...should be added for the first 2 months. In severe cases, streptomycin injectables are given. (Consult your physician regarding...neuropathy, the incidence of which increases with age. Streptomycin toxicity includes kidney damage and neuropathy. Recommendations...
5.
MY PARENTS' LIFELONG SHAME OF MY 'POOR MAN'S DISEASE'; Forty Years after a Childhood Illness Scarred Him for Life, Actor Robert Lindsay Discovered the Secret His Family Were Desperate to Hide; TB Killed My Friend but It Was All Kept Hush-Hush
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), June 22, 2010
...my parents as other kids, he says. But my dad had been weakened from having his kidney removed and he still had to take streptomycin an antibiotic, which made him feel ill, so they had their own problems. Perhaps it was also the stigma keeping them away...
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encyclopedia articles on: Streptomycin  - 9 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-9 >>  
 
1.
Streptomycin
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
STREPTOMYCIN strep tomi sin, antibiotic produced...Waksman and Albert Schatz in 1947, streptomycin is effective against tubercle bacilli...mainstay of tuberculosis therapy. Because streptomycin-resistant tubercle bacilli emerge...
2.
Antibiotic
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...positive bacteria, although the streptomycin group is effective against some Gram...severe blood diseases, and use of streptomycin can result in ear and kidney damage...antibiotics began during World War II with streptomycin and penicillin. Now most antibiotics...
3.
Protein
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the body uses to build new proteins (see nutrition ). The mechanism of action of many widely used antibiotics, such as streptomycin , chloramphenicol , and tetracycline , can be understood in terms of their ability to interfere with some stage of protein...
4.
Streptomyces
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...members of which resemble fungi in their branching filamentous structure. Various species produce such antibiotics as streptomycin and various tetracyclines . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with...
5.
Isoniazid
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the tubercle bacilli that cause the disease. It is usually given together with some other antituberculosis drug such as streptomycin or aminosalicylic acid to prevent emergence of drug resistant organisms (see drug resistance ). To prevent development...
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