TARTARIC ACID

HO2CCHOHCHOHCO2H, white crystalline dicarboxylic acid. It occurs as three distinct isomers, the dextro-, levo-, and meso- forms. The dextro- and levo- forms are optically active; the meso- form is optically inactive, as is racemic acid, a mixture of equal parts of the dextro- and levo- forms. Tartaric acid is found in many plants, e.g., grapes; this natural acid is chiefly the dextrorotatory d-tartaric acid, called also d-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or l-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid. This form can be partially converted to the others by heating it with an aqueous alkali, e.g., potassium hydroxide. Tartaric acids can be synthesized from maleic acids or fumaric acids by reaction with aqueous potassium permanganate. The various isomeric forms differ in such physical properties as boiling point. Tartaric acid is used chiefly in the form of its salts, e.g., cream of tartar and Rochelle salt.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Tartaric Acid
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books on: Tartaric Acid  - 180 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
The Origins and Ancient History of Wine
Book by Patrick E. McGovern, Stuart J. Fleming, Solomon H. Katz; Gordon and Breach, 1996
Subjects: Wine And Wine Making--Mediterranean Region--History--Congresses, Wine And Wine Making--Middle East--History--Congresses
...C, B 1 (thiamine), and B 12 , or folic acid, niacin, calcium, and zinc. Table 1...smaller and frequently less juicy and/or more acid berries. Most wild grapes also have rounder...high seed content; juice watery, high in acid, low in sugar. Large, oval to ellipsoidal...
2.
The Evolution of Chemistry: A History of Its Ideas, Methods, and Materials
Book by Eduard Farber; Ronald Press, 1952
Subjects: Chemistry--History
...16. Model of Fumaric and Maleic Acid 171...be recovered. Even aqua fortis nitric acid , in dissolving metals, does not change...two chemical principles a "secret" acute acid and an alkali. The contrary qualities...
3.
Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science
Book by Rene J. Dubos; Little, Brown, 1950
Subjects: Pasteur, Louis--1822-1895
...acid into two opposite forms of tartaric acid. Unconvinced by Balards heated...with a mold, the "right" form of tartaric acid disappeared, whereas the opposite...in this case the destruction of tartaric acid by a microorganism -- upon the...
4.
Pasteur: The History of a Mind
Book by Ėmile Duclaux, Erwin F. Smith, Florence Hedges; W.B. Saunders Company, 1920
Subjects: Pasteur, Louis--1822-1895
...animal or vegetable life: sugar, tartaric acid, different essences, albumen...crystallize, the sugar and the tartaric acid, had no polarizing action in...action exerted by the solutions of tartaric acid or of sugar is not due, as in...
5.
Louis Pasteur: And the Hidden World of Microbes
Book by Louise E. Robbins; Oxford University Press, 2001
Subjects: Microbiologists--France--Biography--Juvenile Literature, Pasteur, Louis--1822-1895--Juvenile Literature, Scientists--France--Biography--Juvenile Literature
...the types of crystals it forms, focusing on tartaric acid and tartrate salts. Tartaric acid, a substance found in many fruits and vegetables...such as potassium or sodium. An odd form of tartaric acid, called paratartaric , or racemic, acid...
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journal articles on: Tartaric Acid  - 5 results

 
 
1.
Chemical Identification and Cultural Implications of a Mixed Fermented Beverage from Late Prehistoric China
Journal article by Patrick E. Mcgovern, Anne P. Underhill, Hui Fang, Fengshi Luan, Gretchen R. Hall, Haiguang Yu, Chen-Shan Wang, Fengshu Cai, Zhijun Zhao, Gary M. Feinman; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 44, 2005
Subjects: Beverages--History, China--History, China--Natural resources, China--Social aspects, Chinese history, to 1766 BC--Discovery and exploration, Chinese history, to 1766 BC--Research
...a more sensitive technique for tartaric acid detection (Guasch-Jane et al...in the Liangchengzhen region. Tartaric acid, the principal organic acid in...1435-1445 cm.sup.-1 is decisive for tartaric acid, since other important hydroxyl...
2.
Henry Cavendish: the Catalyst for the Chemical Revolution1
Journal article by Frederick Seitz; Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 148, 2004
Subjects: Cavendish, Henry, Chemical elements, Chemistry, Personal profiles, Physicists, Science history, Theory
...of some arsenic compounds and of tartaric acid, found as a solid deposit in wine...found that he could generate nitric acid by exposing mixtures of air and hydrogen...formula for the composition of the acid. During these experiments he found...
3.
Contraceptive Consumers: Gender and the Political Economy of Birth Control in the 1930s
Journal article by Andrea Tone; Journal of Social History, Vol. 29, 1996
Subjects: Birth control--Economic aspects, Contraceptives industry--Marketing, Contraceptives--Social aspects, Women consumers--Social aspects
...protection" given by foaming tablets was no better. Comprising an effervescent, moisture-activated mixture such as tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate (which, when triggered, produced a protective foam), tablets often remained inert until after...
4.
Effect of Size of Man-Made and Natural Mineral Fibers on Chemiluminescent Response in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Journal article by Masayuki Ohyama, Toru Otake, Kenji Morinaga; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, 2001
...radical generation from hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 228:373-376 (1984) (29.) Fenton HJH. Oxidation of tartaric acid in the presence of iron. J Chem Soc 106:899-910 (1984) (30.) Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Oxygen free radicals and...
5.
Canada's Most Wanted: Pioneer Women on the Western Prairies [*]
Journal article by Sandra Rollings-Magnusson; The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, Vol. 37, 2000
Subjects: Prairie Provinces--History, Women pioneers--History
...ingredients by using, for example, dry snow to make a cake rise ("Uses Snow in Cakes," 1913), or substituting soda, tartaric acid and ground rice for baking powder and yeast in bread (Rowles, 1952) was an essential skill, as was learning how to...


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magazine articles on: Tartaric Acid  - 3 results

 
 
1.
A Very Dry White
Magazine article by Rebecca Kessler; Natural History, Vol. 115, April 2006
Subjects: Archaeology, Egyptian civilization, Wines
...Tutankhamuns tomb. The team detected tartaric acid, which occurs naturally only in grapes...in one amphora included syringic acid, which is derived from the main pigment...other five amphorae lacked syringic acid, suggesting they were probably the...
2.
Unlocking the Green Pharmacy
Magazine article by Joel L. Swerdlow; The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 24, Autumn 2000
Subjects: Medicinal plants--Discovery, exploration, etc., Medicine, Herbal--Health aspects, Plant immunology--Research, Plants--Therapeutic use
...300 million a year to combat symptoms of colds and flu. The herb contains compounds such as caffeoyl-tartaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cichoric acid, and echinacoside that serve as markers for bioactivity (activity that affects living cells), but no...
3.
Food: Creme De Cassis Needs Carefully Prepared Fruit-And a Waning Moon
Magazine article by Michele Roberts; New Statesman, Vol. 134, August 1, 2005
Subjects: Food--Recipes and menus, Teenagers--Behavior, Youth--Behavior
...recipe such as it is but you can alter the proportions if you want. You can put in less sugar, and the oranges and tartaric acid are not crucial. Its just that the jam will taste better if you put them in. The recipe doubled as a letter. The indigo...


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newspaper articles on: Tartaric Acid  - 23 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-23 >>  
 
1.
During Shortages, South Becomes Creative with Substitutes
Newspaper article by Mike Wright; The Washington Times, February 8, 1997
...Apples." "To one small bowl of crackers that have been soaked until no hard parts remain, add one teaspoonful of tartaric acid, sweeten to your taste, add some butter, and a very little nutmeg." During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Ritz...
2.
The Perfect Companion to Madame's Thai Curry
Newspaper article; The News Letter (Belfast, Northern Ireland), July 20, 2006
...the last possible minute by those with an intuitive appreciation of the requisite balance between fruit and mineral, tartaric acid and sugar, it produces wine of stunning elegance and complexity. Any lack of tenderness in this regard can result in...
3.
How Fat Is Your Salad? Some Have the Calories of Two Burgers, So Don't Fall for the Unhealthy Option
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), January 18, 2005
...fracture. The high levels of phosphoric acid are thought to be the culprit. OTHER ACIDS: citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid make fizzy drinks exceptionally acidic, which may aggravate stomach ulcers and leach minerals from teeth. COLOURS...
4.
Truth about McCririck's Diet Cola Addiction; Celebrity Big Brother Housemate John McCririck Loves Diet Coke. but Is It Really Good for Him? Anastasia Stephens Looks at Its Contents HEALTH & FITNESS
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), January 18, 2005
...prevents it from being absorbed." OTHER ACIDS FIZZY drinks contain other acids such as citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid. The acidity may aggravate stomach ulcers and leach minerals from teeth. "People think that just because theyre drinking...
5.
When Life Wasn't a Gas; an Alert in Brighton. Inset: A Notice with Warning Rattle and Bell
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), April 29, 2008
...saliva, which tend to harden or concrete onones teeth. Tartaric acid is believed to have been discovered by the great Persian...the 13th century. It is quite possible that because tartaric acid is a caustic agent that wasoften used in alchemical...
More newspaper Results: 1-10 11-20 21-23 >>

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encyclopedia articles on: Tartaric Acid  - 8 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-8 >>  
 
1.
Tartaric Acid
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
TARTARIC ACID HO 2 CCHOHCHOHCO 2 H, white crystalline...parts of the dextro- and levo- forms. Tartaric acid is found in many plants, e.g., grapes...natural acid is chiefly the dextrorotatory d-tartaric acid, called also d-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid...
2.
Racemic Acid
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
RACEMIC ACID rase mik: see tartaric acid . ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia University Press. Used with the permission of Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
3.
Fumaric Acid
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...plants and is essential to the respiration of animal and vegetable tissue. Fumaric acid is used as a substitute for tartaric acid in beverages and baking powder. It is used as a mordant in dyeing and in the manufacture of synthetic resins and polyhydric...
4.
Isomer
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...into its two optically active tartaric acid components by crystallization...optical isomers. For example, tartaric acid has two asymmetrical carbon atoms...asymmetrical carbon atoms in meso -tartaric acid, but the molecule is symmetrical...
5.
Cream of Tartar
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...white crystalline powder. Chemically it is potassium hydrogen tartrate, KC 4 H 5 O 6 , the acidic potassium salt of tartaric acid . It is used as the leavening agent in baking powders. An impure form, called tartar or argol, forms naturally during...
More encyclopedia Results: 1-8 >>

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