THYROXINE

thīrŏkˈsēn, substance secreted by the thyroid gland. The hormone thyroxine forms by combining the amino acid tyrosine with iodine. Complexed to a protein, it is stored in the follicle stems between thyroid cells. Thyroxine enters into the bloodstream complexed to another protein, plasma globulin. Thyroxine increases the number and activity of mitochondria in cells by binding to the cells' DNA, increasing the basal metabolic rate. Administration of thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine, causes an increase in the rate of carbohydrate metabolism and a rise in the rate of protein synthesis and breakdown. The hormone, which excites the nervous system and leads to increased activity of the endocrine system, remains active in the body for more than a month. Thyroxine activity is controlled by thyrotropin, a substance released from the pituitary gland. Conversely, thyroxine regulates the effect of thyrotropin by feedback inhibition, i.e., high levels of thyroxine depress the rate of thyrotropin secretion. Synthetically prepared thyroxine is used clinically in the treatment of thyroid gland deficiency diseases in adults and in the treatment of cretinism in children.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Thyroxine
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books on: Thyroxine  - 188 results

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1.
Better Than Prozac: Creating the Next Generation of Psychiatric Drugs
Book by Samuel H. Barondes; Oxford University Press, 2003
Subjects: Antidepressants--Popular Works
...being poisoned by excessive secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid, surgeons began removing...with the aim of reducing the amount of thyroxine to normal levels. Although the surgeons...depression could be corrected by taking thyroxine. This was easily achieved with daily...
2.
The Molecular Control of Cellular Activity
Book by John M. Allen; McGraw-Hill, 1962
Subjects: Cytology
...effect of the continued injection of dl-thyroxine on the mitochondria of rat liver; these...hydrocortisone Gallagher , and particularly with thyroxine Lehninger, Ray, and Schneider; Lehninger...been shown that mitochondria can bind thyroxine Klemperer; Tapley and Basso , and that...
3.
Heart Disease in Women
Book by Susan Wilansky, James T. Willerson; Churchill Livingstone, 2002
Subjects: Heart Diseases In Women
...inhibition of secretion of TSH by unbound thyroxine (3,5,3,5-tetraiodothyronine T 4...affinity to plasma proteins, principally thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine-binding prealbumin (transthyretin), and...
4.
Animal Hormones: A Comparative Survey - Vol. 1
Book by Penelope M. Jenkin, John E. Harris; Pergamon Press, 1962
Subjects: Hormones
...gland and the formation and release of THYROXINE, which in turn induced metamorphosis...and Cornfield, 1957 the discharge of THYROXINE from the thyroid into the blood circulation...food and from the breakdown of disused thyroxine, circulate in the blood, whence they...
5.
Postpartum Psychiatric Illness: A Picture Puzzle
Book by James Alexander Hamilton, Patricia Neel Harberger; University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992
...before the third week postpartum, since thyroxine remains in the high range for two to...thyroid medication. While high serum thyroxine levels were a contraindication for thyroid...colleagues (1953). At delivery, the serum thyroxine of almost all women tends to be higher...
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journal articles on: Thyroxine  - 159 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Commentary: Thyroid Hormone in Neandertal Evolution; a Natural or a Pathological Role? *
Journal article by Susan J. Crockford; The Geographical Review, Vol. 92, 2002
Subjects: Iodine deficiency diseases--Research, Neanderthals--Physiological aspects
...explain the role of thyroid hormone (thyroxine) in heterochronic speciation events...for the naturally occurring variants of thyroxine production patterns (thyroid rhythms...exist within ancestral species. Because thyroxine is an essential central regulator that...
2.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Exert Thyroid Hormone-Like Effects in the Fetal Rat Brain but Do Not Bind to Thyroid Hormone Receptors
Journal article by Kelly J. Gauger, Yoshihisa Kato, Koichi Haraguchi, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Larry W. Robertson, Ruby Bansal, R. Thomas Zoeller; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 112, 2004
...tri-iodothyronine (T.sub.3) and thyroxine (T.sub.4) in pregnant rats but...exposure decreases circulating levels of thyroxine (T.sub.4) in rats (Bastomsky 1974...Triiodothyronine T.sub.3 >Thyroxine T.sub.4 >Triiodothyroacetic...
3.
Commentary: Neandertals and the Thyroid Gland; the Selenium Connection
Journal article by Harold D. Foster; The Geographical Review, Vol. 92, 2002
Subjects: Neanderthals--Physiological aspects, Thyroid diseases
...results in the formation of the hormones thyroxine (T.sup.4) and triiodothyronine...required to catalyze the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. When a selenium...1991; Toro 1991). Depressed serum thyroxine levels, however, do not necessarily...
4.
Pentachlorophenol and Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Metabolites in Umbilical Cord Plasma of Neonates from Coastal Populations in Quebec
Journal article by Courtney D. Sandau, Pierre Ayotte, Eric Dewailly, Jason Duffe, Ross J. Norstrom; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 110, 2002
...and Lower North Shore samples, free thyroxine (T.sub.4) concentrations (log...polychlorinated biphenyls, retinol, thyroxine, umbilical cord plasma. Environ Health...thyroid hormones to the brain requires thyroxine (T.sub.4) to pass through the blood...
5.
Measurement of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Metabolites in Mouse Plasma after Exposure to a Commercial Pentabromodiphenyl Ether Mixture
Journal article by Xinghua Qiu, Minerva Mercado-Feliciano, Robert M. Bigsby, Ronald A. Hites; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 115, 2007
Subjects: Brominated hydrocarbons--Health aspects, Brominated hydrocarbons--Research, Ethers (Class of compounds)--Health aspects, Ethers (Class of compounds)--Research, Ethers--Health aspects, Ethers--Research, Metabolites--Research
...47. These metabolites may be the most thyroxine-like and/or estrogen-like congeners...effects. For example, HO-PBDEs have thyroxine-like and estrogen-like chemical structures...transport protein for the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and thyronine (Meerts et al. 2000...
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magazine articles on: Thyroxine  - 15 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-15 >>  
 
1.
Mood Swings
Magazine article; The Saturday Evening Post, Vol. 277, July 2005
Subjects: Bipolar disorder, Hormones, Psychiatrists, Research, Thyroid gland, Whybrow, Peter C
...shows that the addition of high-dose thyroxine in some individuals actually shifts the...began to behave after we deprived them of thyroxine for about six months. This was in the...cycling by administering high doses of thyroxine. Then later we found the same effect...
2.
Many Treatments Available: Thyroid Disorders Often Unsuspected
Magazine article by Evelyn Zamula; FDA Consumer, Vol. 26, December 1992
Subjects: Hyperthyroidism--Care and treatment, Hypothyroidism--Care and treatment
...make iodine-containing hormones called thyroxine (T.sub.4) and triiodothyronine...diseased, it may produce too little thyroxine (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism...When the pituitary senses a low level of thyroxine in the blood, it secretes thyroid...
3.
Thyroid Function and Dysfunction
Magazine article by John M. Rimoldi; Drug Topics, Vol. 140, October 21, 1996
Subjects: Continuing education, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacists, Thyroid gland, United States
...hormonestriiodothyronine (T^sub 3^) and thyroxine (T^sub 4^). (See Fig 1.) Also...bound hormones, especially T^sub 4^. Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBP/) and albumin...hypothyroidism usually begins with synthetic thyroxine (T^sub 4^), the overwhelming treatment...
4.
Thyroid Disorders
Magazine article by Laura Carter Smoot; Drug Topics, Vol. 153, July 2009
Subjects: Medical treatment, Pharmacists, Pregnancy, Thyroid diseases, United States
...thyroid gland is to make thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) through...by three different carrier proteins: thyroxine -binding globulin, thyroxinebinding...useful, as this reflects the amount of thyroxine in the blood and is usually a good measure...
5.
The Bear Necessities: The Fortunes of the Bear Populations of British Columbia's Great Bear Rainforest Are Intimately Connected with Those of the Salmon on Which They Feed. but According to Recent Research, That Connection Goes All the Way to the Forest Itself
Magazine article by Nick Garbutt; Geographical, Vol. 82, September 2010
Subjects: Bears--Behavior, British Columbia--Environmental aspects, Salmon--Research
...Finally, information on the bears hormonal state is extracted from the samples: cortisol gives a picture of stress levels, thyroxine provides an index of protein deprivation or starvation, and sex hormones provide insights into whether or not a female has...
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newspaper articles on: Thyroxine  - 150 results

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1.
Cancer Service Gives Patients Fresh Hope; Cards to Detail Vital Drug Information
Newspaper article; The Journal (Newcastle, England), July 4, 2009
Subjects: Cancer patients--Drug therapy, Cancer prevention, Cancer treatment, Cancer--Care and treatment, Cancer--Prevention, Thyroid cancer--Drug therapy, Thyroxine
...inappropriately advised to reduce the dose of thyroxine by health professionals, putting them at...not used to prescribing the higher doses of thyroxine needed to treat thyroid cancer. Thyroxine is used to suppress the thyroid stimulating...
2.
Cancer Service Gives Patients Fresh Hope; Cards to Detail Crucial Drug Information
Newspaper article; The Journal (Newcastle, England), July 6, 2009
Subjects: Cancer patients--Drug therapy, Cancer prevention, Cancer treatment, Cancer--Care and treatment, Cancer--Prevention, Thyroid cancer--Drug therapy, Thyroxine
...inappropriately advised to reduce the dose of thyroxine by health professionals, putting them at...not used to prescribing the higher doses of thyroxine needed to treat thyroid cancer. Thyroxine is used to suppress the thyroid stimulating...
3.
Feeling Low and Lethargic? It Could Be an Underactive Thyroid
Newspaper article; The Mail on Sunday (London, England), January 3, 2010
Subjects: Thyroxine
...at the front of the neck. The thyroid produces the hormone thyroxine that controls how fast our bodily functions work. Q Why does...from lethargy, what other symptoms are there? A Because thyroxine controls our metabolism and how fast all the bodily functions...
4.
Young Mum's Agony; Jenny Faces Treatment Cash Fight
Newspaper article; Evening Gazette (Middlesbrough, England), March 12, 2008
Subjects: Cancer treatment, Cancer--Care and treatment, Thyroxine
...before her radiotherapy so she does not have to come off her thyroxine medication. Without the hormone-replacing medication she...new injection which would stop her having to come off the thyroxine. But just as she was beginning to get her hopes up, she...
5.
Fishy Ways to Boost Your Underactive Thyroid
Newspaper article; The Daily Mail (London, England), October 7, 2008
Subjects: Thyroxine--Methods
...fun. The good news is that once youre taking the medication thyroxine, most symptoms disappear. As a rule, a healthy balanced...supplements can make your thyroid even lazier and can muck up your thyroxine levels and start affecting calcium levels in your blood...
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encyclopedia articles on: Thyroxine  - 15 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-10 11-15 >>  
 
1.
Thyroxine
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
THYROXINE thirok sen, substance secreted by the thyroid gland . The hormone thyroxine forms by combining the amino acid tyrosine with...in the follicle stems between thyroid cells. Thyroxine enters into the bloodstream complexed to another...
2.
Thyroid Gland
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the thyroid hormone is converted into thyroxine and small quantities of the other closely related thyroid hormones. The amount of thyroxine production (and therefore the metabolic...thyroid secretes too little or too much thyroxine. Deficiencies in thyroid secretion...
3.
Thyrotropin
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine . The release of thyrotropin is triggered...the conversion of diiodotyrosine to thyroxine, and the secretion of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream. Thyroxine inhibits the further release of thyrotropin...
4.
Endocrine System
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...the hormonal messengers. Some endocrine hormones, such as thyroxine from the thyroid gland, affect nearly all body cells; others...the larynx and partially surrounding the trachea, produces thyroxine, which controls the metabolic rate of most body cells, and...
5.
Pituitary Gland
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex, which affects glucose, protein, and fat metabolism; thyrotropin controls the rate of thyroxine synthesis by the thyroid gland, which is the principal regulator of body metabolic rate; prolactin, which regulates the...
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