YTTRIUM

ĭtˈrēəm [for Ytterby, a town in Sweden], metallic chemical element; symbol Y; at. no. 39; at. wt. 88.9059; m.p. about 1,522 degrees Celsius; b.p. 3,338 degrees Celsius; sp. gr. about 4.45; valence +3. Yttrium is a highly crystalline iron-gray metal. Usually considered a rare-earth metal, it is found above lanthanum in group IIIb of the periodic table. Yttrium is fairly stable in air but oxidizes readily when heated. It reacts with water and mineral acids. The largest use of the element is as its oxide yttria, Y2O3, which is used in making red phosphors for color television picture tubes; it also has other uses. Yttrium metal has found some use alloyed in small amounts with other metals. Yttrium is not found uncombined in nature, but occurs in many minerals, e.g., gadolinite, euxenite, and xenotime. It is recovered commercially from monazite and bastnasite. In 1794, Johan Gadolin isolated impure yttria from the mineral gadolinite. In 1843, C. G. Mosander isolated pure yttria as well as two impure fractions that he called erbia and terbia. The metal was first isolated in 1828 by Friedrich Wöhler.

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The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Questia Books and Articles on: Yttrium
We found: 179 results
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books on: Yttrium  - 109 results

       More book Results: 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 >>  
 
1.
Radioecology: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Radioecology Held at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, September 10-15, 1961
Book by Vincent Schultz, Alfred W. Klement Jr.; Reinhold Pub. Corp., 1963
Subjects: Radioecology--Congresses
...used in these studies were strontium-90 and yttrium-90. They were purchased from the Oak Ridge...chlorides in hydrochloric acid solution. The yttrium-90 was carrier-free yttrium chloride in hydrochloric acid solution. The strontium...
2.
Radioisotopes in Biology and Agriculture: Principles and Practice
Book by C. L. Comar; McGraw-Hill, 1955
Subjects: Radioisotopes In Agriculture, Radioisotopes In Biology
Yttrium 90 2.54 days Beta 2.18 Gamma Cat...33/95 mc -- -- Critic l Org. Bone Yttrium 91 61 days Beta 1.537 Gamma 0.2, 1...Effect. T 1/2 51 days Intake Levels. Yttrium is not an important naturally occurring...
3.
The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide
Book by Robert E.Krebs; Greenwood Press, 1998
ABUNDANCE AND SOURCE Yttrium is the twenty-ninth most abundant...name rare-Earth elements, including yttrium, does not mean that they are scarce...was given the credit for discovering yttrium, even though some references give credit...
4.
Geology and Allied Sciences: A Thesaurus and a Coordination of English and German Specific and General Terms
Book by Walther Huebner; Veritas Press, 1939
Subjects: English Language--Dictionaries--German, Geology--Dictionaries, German Language--Dictionaries--English
...xiphosurians Xylotil m, xylotile Y Y Chem. s. Yttrium Yarmouthstufe f, North American Pleistocene Yarmouth...almandite -- spat m, xenotime Yttrialith m, yttrialite Yttrium Y n, Chem. yttrium -- ^ Kalk-Elsengranat m, yttrium calcium iron...
5.
Chambers's Technical Dictionary
Book by C. F. Tweney, L. E. C. Hughes; Macmillan, 1958
Subjects: Technology--Dictionaries
...Yt Chem. . An alternative symbol for yttrium . ytterbium Chem. . Symbol, Yb. A metallic...173 5, m.p. of metal about 1800 C. yttrium Chem. . Alternative symbols, Y, Yt...flouride of calcium, with the metals of the yttrium and cerium groups, commonly violet...
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journal articles on: Yttrium  - 29 results

       More journal Results: 1-10 11-20 21-29 >>  
 
1.
Hydrogeochemistry as an Aid to Geological Interpretation: the Glen Roy Area, Scotland
Journal article by W. M. Edmunds, R. M. Key; Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 153, 1996
Subjects: Geology, Hydrology, Mapping, Scotland
...the weathering of biotite or garnet. Yttrium anomalies (above 1.0 (mu) I 1) are...are considered likely to relate to the yttrium enrichment in garnet or possibly hornblende...weathering of garnet may give rise to yttrium anomalies or alternatively yttrium localised...
2.
The Nature and Origin of the Barrovian Metamorphism, Scotland: Diffusion Length Scales in Garnet and Inferred Thermal Time Scales
Journal article by Daniel R. Viete, Jörg Hermann, Gordon S. Lister, Iona R. Stenhouse; Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 168, 2011
Subjects: Field study, Geology, Metamorphic rock, Research, Zoning
...spacings were used to produce Y count maps. Yttrium count analyses employed a 15 keV acceleration...inclusions) in the equivalent Ca maps (Fig. 5). Yttrium and REE zoning in Barrovian garnets Yttrium and REE, because of their occurrence in garnet...
3.
Induction of Inflammation in Vascular Endothelial Cells by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of Particle Composition
Journal article by Andrea Gojova, Bing Guo, Rama S. Kota, John C. Rutledge, Ian M. Kennedy, Baraka Abdu I.; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 115, 2007
Subjects: Cardiovascular diseases--Care and treatment, Cardiovascular diseases--Diagnosis, Cardiovascular diseases--Risk factors, Vascular endothelium--Research, Zinc oxide--Environmental aspects, Zinc oxide--Health aspects
...iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), yttrium oxide (Y.sub.2O.sub.3), and...iron oxide (Fe.sub.2O.sub.3), yttrium oxide (Y.sub.2O.sub.3), and...Y(III) (98%; Alfa Aesar). The yttrium precursor, which sublimed at moderately...
4.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in [PM.Sub.2.5
Journal article by Michelle L. Bell, Francesca Dominici, Keita Ebisu, Scott L. Zeger, Jonathan M. Samet; Vol. 115, 2007
Subjects: Carbon--Research, Environmental health--Research, Particles--Health aspects, Particles--Research, Particulate matter--Health aspects, Particulate matter--Research
...11 1.23 (1.96-7.4) <br/ Yttrium 1.40 + or - 0.03 0.14 (0.56...12 1.42 (2.01-8.01) <br/ Yttrium 1.42 + or - 0.03 0.23 (0.56...11 1.23 (1.79-8.11) <br/ Yttrium 1.38 + or - 0.03 0.13 (0.47...
5.
Relationship between Composition and Toxicity of Motor Vehicle Emission Samples
Journal article by Jacob D. Mcdonald, Ingvar Eide, Jeanclare Seagrave, Barbara Zielinska, Kevin Whitney, Douglas R. Lawson, Joe L. Mauderly; Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 112, 2004
...Zinc 0.77 0.000536 0.000389 Yttrium 0.000006 0.000007 0.000000 Zirconium...0.000110 Zinc 0.001604 0.001206 Yttrium 0.000002 0.000003 Zirconium 0.000024...0.000113 Zinc 0.000879 0.001239 Yttrium 0.000006 0.000011 Zirconium 0.000010...
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magazine articles on: Yttrium  - 23 results

       More magazine Results: 1-10 11-20 21-23 >>  
 
1.
The Shade Electric
Magazine article by Chuck Murray; Popular Science, Vol. 249, November 1996
Subjects: Optics, R&D, Research & development, Window treatments, Yttrium
...Key to the new technology is the use of yttrium hydride, instead of the tungsten oxides...oxides, which are essentially insulators, yttrium hydrides are reflectors, because they...shines through it. Scientists say that yttrium hydride fiLms may stilL be several years...
2.
First Radioimmunotherapeutic for Lymphomas Clears FDA
Magazine article by Jayne Ritz; Drug Topics, Vol. 146, March 4, 2002
Subjects: FDA approval, IDEC Pharmaceuticals 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corp, Lymphomas, Prescription drugs, United States
...a mouse MAb linked to the radioisotope yttrium-90 by a chelating agent. The mouse...its half-life is comparable to that of yttrium-90 (64 hours). IDEC conducted four...second infusion of rituximab along with Yttrium-90 Zevalin is administered IV over 10...
3.
The Current Status of Cancer Treatment
Magazine article by Tom Hollon; The Scientist, September 23, 2003
...Zevalin kills with the radionuclide yttrium-90 that is tightly bound to the anti...means of a covalently linked chelator. Yttrium-go releases a beta particle that can...Zevalin. A shorter half-life decreases yttrium-go circulation time. And Zevalins incidence...
4.
Elements of the Future: You May Not Realise It, but the Unique Properties of Elements Known as Rare Earth Metals Are Vital in Green Technology, from Low-Energy Light Bulbs to Hybrid Vehicles. but as Demand for These Metals Threatens to Outstrip Supply and the Race to Find New Resources Hots Up, What Does the Future Hold?
Magazine article by Mark Rowe; Geographical, Vol. 82, July 2010
Subjects: Green technology--International aspects, Green technology--Materials, Hybrid vehicles--Materials, Metal industries--Equipment and supplies, Metal industry--Equipment and supplies, Mineral industry--Capacity, Mineral industry--Environmental aspects, Mineral industry--Supply and demand, Mining industry--Capacity, Mining industry--Environmental aspects, Mining industry--Supply and demand, Rare earth metals--Environmental aspects, Rare earth metals--Magnetic properties, Rare earth metals--Supply and demand, Rare earth metals--Usage
...these 17 metals- 15 lanthanides, along with scandium and yttrium--are underpinning the worlds switch to green technology...guided weapons, night-vision goggles and range finders. Yttrium is used in laser crystals specific to military communications...
5.
Drugmaker Combines Drugs, Diagnostics to Attack Diseases
Magazine article by Fred Gebhart; Drug Topics, Vol. 144, July 17, 2000
Subjects: Berlex Laboratories Inc, Diagnostics, Drug therapy, Pharmaceutical industry, R&D, Research & development, United States
...are found, the same ligand is tagged with Rhenium-- 188 or Yttrium-90, strong beta emitters, for therapy. Berlex is planning...of the world. The drug combines a monoclonal antibody and Yttrium-90 for what may be the first outpatient radiotherapy for...
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newspaper articles on: Yttrium  - 10 results

       More newspaper Results: 1-10 >>  
 
1.
Scorpion Venom Stings Brain Tumors
Newspaper article by Marybeth Hart; The Washington Times, February 28, 1999
...strontium-90, a nuclear waste, to get radioactive yttrium-90. Yttrium-90, when attached with specially engineered peptides...National Laboratory has sold more than $1.4 million of yttrium-90 to researchers worldwide for testing. Yttrium...
2.
'Death Sentence' for Rare Cancer Sufferer Refused Pounds 15k Treatment
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), February 14, 2007
Subjects: Cancer patients--Cases, Cancer treatment--Cases, Cancer--Care and treatment, Cancer--Cases, Capital punishment--Cases
...Hospital in London testing a new kind of treatment known as yttrium octreotide therapy used Mr Davies as a research guinea pig...drugs which have not been subject to final Nice Guidance. Yttrium octreotide has not been subject to final Nice Guidance so requests...
3.
Quizopedia
Newspaper article; Western Mail (Cardiff, Wales), March 6, 2010
...represent the following elements: Boron, Carbon, Fluorine, Hydrogen, Iodine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur, Uranium and Yttrium. Quizopedia is influenced by two 1. The answer is "seven-a-side", being an anagram of "Davies seen". 2. About...
4.
Huge Rare Earth Deposits Found in Pacific: Japan Experts
Newspaper article; Manila Bulletin, July 5, 2011
...ft) below the ocean surface at 78 locations. One-third of the sites yielded rich contents of rare earths and the metal yttrium, Kato said in a telephone interview.The deposits are in international waters in an area stretching east and west of Hawaii...
5.
Compromise Isn't a Word in the Chinese Lexicon; President Obama's Cautious Middle-Ground Instincts Are Wanting in the Face of Asian Superpower Intransigence
Newspaper article; The Evening Standard (London, England), January 21, 2011
...consistent measures to achieve an almost-complete monopoly in their production. The rare earths (they have rare names such as yttrium, dysprosium, cerium and lanthanum) are vital for various industries such as smart phones, and China showed last year that...
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encyclopedia articles on: Yttrium  - 8 results

       More encyclopedia Results: 1-8 >>  
 
1.
Yttrium
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
YTTRIUM it re m for Ytterby, a town in Sweden...sp. gr. about 4.45; valence +3. Yttrium is a highly crystalline iron-gray metal...lanthanum in Group 3 of the periodic table . Yttrium is fairly stable in air but oxidizes readily...
2.
Periodic Table of the Elements: Yttrium
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS: YTTRIUM Periodic Table of the Elements: Yttrium Atomic Number: 39 Atomic Symbol: Y Yttrium Atomic Weight: 88.9059 Electron Configuration: 2 8 18 9 2 ____________________ Copyright 2009 Columbia...
3.
Elements
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...3818. vanadium V 23 50.9415 1890. 10 3380. xenon Xe 54 131.29 111.9 107.1 3 ytterbium Yb 70 173.04 819. 1194. yttrium Y 39 88.9059 1522. 8 3338. zinc Zn 30 65.38 419.58 907. zirconium Zr 40 91.22 1852. 2 4377. Element Symbol Atomic...
4.
Rare-Earth Metals
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
RARE-EARTH METALS in chemistry, group of metals including those of the lanthanide series and actinide series , usually yttrium , sometimes scandium and thorium , and rarely zirconium . Promethium, which is not found in nature, is not usually considered...
5.
Monazite
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...reddish-brown natural phosphate of the rare earths , mainly the cerium and lanthanum metals, usually with some thorium . Yttrium, calcium, iron, and silica are frequently present. Monazite sand is the crude natural material and is usually purified...
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