Historically Black Colleges and Universities

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Historically Black Colleges and Universities

1 .

Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Their Place in American Higher Education
by Julian B. Roebuck, Komanduri S. Murty. 223 pgs.

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There are currently 109 historically black colleges and universities in the United States. Established before 1964, their mission was and continues to be the education of black Americans for service and leadership in the black community as well as the wider community. Ever since Lincoln University opened its doors in 1854, controversy has raged over separate black institutions of higher learning. Roebuck and Murty review the history of black colleges from the antebellum years (prior to 1865) to the present. They provide profiles of each of the major black universities from their founding until today, including their current student composition and faculty makeup. Reviewing the literature on race relations in college life, the authors describe tensions on white and black campuses as reported in journals and periodicals. They then analyze and interpret the results of their own empirical study of race relations on fifteen campuses in the southeastern United States. This is the first comprehensive coverage of the subject.

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Contents

Tables

Preface

1: Study Objectives and the Case for Historically Black Colleges and Universities

2: The History of Black Higher Education in the United States

3: Profiles of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

4: Historically Black College and University Demographics, Academic Programs, Enrollment Patterns, Faculty, and Staff

5: Review of the Literature on Campus Race Relations

6: Race Relations on Five White and Ten Black Campuses

7: Summary and Conclusions

References

Index

About the Authors
2 .

Diversifying Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A New Higher Education Paradigm
by Serbrenia J. Sims. 190 pgs.

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If Black colleges and universities wish to survive in the competitive and economically stressed education environment of the 21st century, they would do well to respond to some of the pressures for reform that the general school structures are undergoing, in particular population diversification. Sims provides a model for diversification that presents four major steps in orderly progression: the removal of barriers for admission of nonblack students; the development of special programs of interest to the general student population; and the diversification of faculty and administration. Ways of restructuring historically Black colleges and universities to be more supportive of diverse student populations are also developed in this work.

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Tables

Preface

References

1: Diversity and the Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Definitions, History, and Issues

References

2: Implementing Reform Efforts

Conclusion

References

3: Reforming the Academic Cultures Via the Formal Curriculum

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4: Recruiting, Admitting, and Retaining Other Race Students

Conclusion

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5: Cooperative Arrangements: Taking the Lead in Social Change

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6: Making the Campus Friendly to Other Race Students: Modifying the Extracurriculum

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7: Diversity Transition Model for Historically Black Colleges and Universities: Building Bridges Between Cultures

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8: The Role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities' Faculty in Teaching Diversity

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9: Diversity: How to Institutionalize and Solidify a New Status

References

Index

About the Author
3 .

Black Colleges: New Perspectives on Policy and Practice
by M. Christopher Brown II, Kassie Freeman. 242 pgs.

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Acknowledgments

The State of Research on Black Colleges

I: The Policy Context

1: The Changing Role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

2: The Significance of Historically Black Colleges for High Achievers

3: Attracting the Best and Brightest

4: Other Things Being Equal

5: Interinstitutional Policies

6: Hbcus and the Digital Divide

II: Issues of Praxis

7: College in Black and White

8: Orientation and Colleagues

9: Toward Strategic Planning

10: The Challenges and Needs of High-Achieving Black College Students

11: Black Colleges and Universities in America and South Africa

Appendix A: Historically Black Colleges and Universities Compiled

Appendix B: Predominantly Black Colleges and Universities Compiled

Appendix C: Further Reading on Black Colleges Compiled

Index

About the Editors and Contributors
4 .

Affirmative Action and the University: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in Higher Education Employment
by Kul B. Rai, John W. Critzer. 250 pgs.

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Affirmative Action and the University is the only full-length study to examine the impact of affirmative action on all higher education hiring practices. Drawing on data provided by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics, the authors summarize, track, and evaluate changes in the gender and ethnic makeup of academic and nonacademic employees at private and public colleges and universities from the late 1970s through the mid-1990s. Separate chapters assess changes in employment opportunities for white women, blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and Native Americans.
The authors look at the extent to which a two-tier employment system exists. In such a system minorities and women are more likely to make their greatest gains in non-elite positions rather than in faculty and administrative positions. The authors also examine differences in hiring practices between public and private colleges and universities.

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Tables

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1: A History of Affirmative Action

2: Inequality and Bureaucratic Representation in Government Employment

3: Blacks in Higher Education Employment

4: White Women in Higher Education Employment

5: Hispanics in Higher Education Employment

6: Asians and Native Americans in Higher Education Employment

7: Minority and Female Doctorates

8: The Political and Socioeconomic Determinants of Higher Education Employment

9: Summary and Conclusions

Tables

Appendixes

Notes

Index
5 .

The Search for Quality Integrated Education: Policy and Research on Minority Students in School and College
by Meyer Weinberg. 360 pgs.

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Contents

Tables

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1: The Historical Background

Notes

2: The Legal Framework

Notes

3: Race And. Intelligence in America

Notes

4: Changing Discriminatory Educational Processes

Notes

5: Education in Black Schools

6: Intradistrict Inequalities

Notes

7: Desegregation and Academic Achievement

Notes

8: Moving from Desegregation to Integration

Notes

9: Mexican Americans and American Indians

Notes

10: The Minority Community and Its Schools

11: Minorities in Higher Education - I

Notes

12: Minorities in Higher Education--Ii

13: Conclusions

Bibliographical Essay

Index

About the Author
6 .

Minorities in Higher Education
by Manuel J. Justiz, Reginald Wilson, Lars G. Bjork. 385 pgs.

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Contents

Contributors

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1: Demographic Trends and the Challenges to American Higher Education

Chapter 2 2: Three Realities: Minority Life in the United States -- the Struggle for Economic Equity

References

Chapter 3: Educational Equity and the Problem of Assessment

References

Chapter 4: Minorities and the New Information Technologies: Barriers and Opportunities

References

Chapter 5: Financial Aid Strategies for Improving Minority Student Participation in Higher Education

References

Chapter 6: Funding Doctoral Studies for Minorities

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Chapter 7: Clearing the Pathway. Improving Opportunities for Minority Students to Transfer

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Chapter 8: The Transfer Function: Building Curricular Roadways Across and Among Higher Education Institutions

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Chapter 9 9: Hispanic Student Achievement

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Chapter 10: Progress of Hispanics in American Higher Education

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Chapter 11: The Participation of African Americans in American Higher Education

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References

Chapter 13 13: Higher Education Issues in Native American Communities

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Chapter 14: Higher Education Issues in the Asian American Community

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Chapter 15: Assessment in Higher Education and the Preparation of Minority Teachers

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Chapter 16: Minorities in Graduate Education: a Need to Regain Lost Momentum

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Chapter 17: The Impasse on Faculty Diversity in Higher Education: a National Agenda

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Chapter 18: Equity in Higher Education. the State Role

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Chapter 19: An Optimistic Sense of Possibility

References

Index
7 .

Black Students in Higher Education: Conditions and Experiences in the 1970s
by Gail E. Thomas. 412 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Tables and Illustrations

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

References

Section I History and Profile of Blacks in Higher Education: Overview

1: Blacks in Higher Education to 1954: A Historical Overview

2: The Opening of White Colleges and Universities to Black Students

3: Black Students in Black and White Institutions

Summary

Conclusion

Conclusion

Section II Academic Admissions Requirements and Financial Resources as Contingencies for Black Access and Persistence: Overview

References

4: The Effects of Standardized Achievement Test Performance and Family Status on Black-White College Access*

5: The Role of Testing in Institutional Selectivity and Black Access to Higher Education

6: Factors Affecting Black Students' Persistence in College

7: Impact of an Innovative Selection Procedure on Medical School Admissions: Implications for Black Students

Conclusion

References

Section III Institutional Enrollment Statuses, Academic Experiences, and Career Aspirations of Blacks in Higher Education: Overview

8: Recent Trends in Racial Enrollment, Segregation, and Degree Attainment in Higher Education*

Summary and Conclusions

References

9: Correlates of Black Student Adjustment, Achievement, and Aspirations at a Predominantly White Southern University*

References

Appendix

10: The Forgotten Side of the Black Undergraduate: An Assessment of Academic Achievements and Aspirations During the 1970s

Conclusion

Appendix

Appendix

Footnotes

11: Black and White Students in Maryland Community Colleges

12: The Major Field Choices and Occupational Career Orientations of Black and White College Students*

Conclusion

References

Section IV Critical Factors Affecting Black Higher Educational Access and Survival: Overview

References

13: The Access of Black Students to Medical and Law Schools: Trends and Bakke Implications

14: Black Medical Students: Too Few for So Large a Task

Conclusion

References

15: Black Law Students and the Law School Experience: Issues of Access and Survival

Conclusion

References

16: Critical Factors for the Survival of First Generation College Blacks

Section V Programs and Strategies for Increasing Black Access and Retention: Overview

Introduction

17: An Evaluation of the 1977 Minority Introduction to Engineering Summer Program

Conclusion

References

Footnotes

18: An Example of Student Retention for Minority Engineering Programs*

19: Retaining Blacks in Science: An Affective Model

20: A Special Tutorial for Minority Medical Students: An Account of a Year's Experience*

Conclusion

References

21: Participation of Blacks in the Basic Sciences: An Assessment

22: Impact: A Summer Enrichment Program for Minority/Disadvantaged Undergraduates at the University of Minnesota

23: A Successful Model for Articulation and the Development of a Two-Plus-Two Program at a Predominantly Black and a Predominantly White Institution

References

24: Legislative Remedies for Increasing the Educational Access and Retention of Minorities

References

Section VI Broad Level Structural Policies Affecting the Future of Blacks in Higher Education: Overview

25: The Adams Mandate: A Format for Achieving Equal Educational Opportunity and Attainment

26: Desegregation and Black Student Higher Educational Access*

Summary and Conclusions

References

27: The Economic Future: Institutional and Student Financial Aid for Blacks in Higher Education

Footnotes

28: The Future of Blacks in Higher Education: Recommendations and Conclusions

References

Index

About the Contributors

About the Editor
8 .

The Education of African-Americans
by Charles V. Willie, Antoine M. Garibaldi, Wornie L. Reed. 214 pgs.

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This volume takes a comprehensive look at the education of African-Americans, specifically early childhood through postsecondary education, and relevant public policy issues since 1940. The list of contributors to the study includes white and black scholars who, by focusing on the known status of the education of African-Americans to date and the additional factors that need to be considered in order to develop appropriate educational strategies, evaluate current programs and suggest ways to improve public policy. Topics ranging from the counseling of minority children to the continuing struggle with racial violence on campus demonstrate the broad scope of this volume.

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Contents

Preface

I: Historical Perspectives

1: The Civil Rights Movement and Educational Change

2: The Social and Historical Context: A Case Study of Philanthropic Assistance

2: The Social and Historical Context: A Case Study of Philanthropic Assistance

II: Elementary and Secondary Education and Desegregation

3: School Desegregation Since Gunnar Myrdal's American Dilemma

4: The Future of School Desegregation

4: The Future of School Desegregation

III: School Improvement

5: Meeting the Needs of Black Children in Public Schools: A School Reform Challenge

6: School Improvement Among Blacks: Implications for Excellence and Equity

6: School Improvement Among Blacks: Implications for Excellence and Equity

7: Counseling and Guidance of Black and Other Minority Children in Public Schools

7: Counseling and Guidance of Black and Other Minority Children in Public Schools

IV: Postsecondary Education

8: Blacks in College

9: The Road Taken: Minorities and Proprietary Schools

9: The Road Taken: Minorities and Proprietary Schools

10: Graduate and Professional Education for Blacks

10: Graduate and Professional Education for Blacks

11: Systemwide Title VI Regulation of Higher Education, 1968-88: Implications for Increased Minority Participation

11: Systemwide Title VI Regulation of Higher Education, 1968-88: Implications for Increased Minority Participation

V: Special Issues

12: Black Participation and Performance in Science, Mathematics, and Technical Education

12: Black Participation and Performance in Science, Mathematics, and Technical Education

13: Social Studies, Ethnic Diversity, and Social Change

13: Social Studies, Ethnic Diversity, and Social Change

14: Abating the Shortage of Black Teachers

Note

Note

15: The Field and Function of Black Studies

15: The Field and Function of Black Studies

16: The Role of the University in Racial Violence on Campus

16: The Role of the University in Racial Violence on Campus

17: Summary and Recommendations

References

Appendix: Status of African-Americans Project Study Group Members and Contributors

Index

About the Editors and Contributors
9 .

African American Culture and Heritage in Higher Education Research and Practice
by Kassie Freeman. 244 pgs.

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Leading African American scholars examine the often neglected cultural context in research and policy development in African American higher education in this collection of essays. Past research has most often been conducted by individuals unfamiliar with the historical and cultural considerations of specific ethnic groups. Therefore, the outcomes of research and the development of programs have been based on deficit models, that is, what is wrong with African Americans, or what they cannot achieve. The book examines the questions; what is the relationship between African Americans' culture and experiences, and how should their culture be integrated into research and practice? How do African Americans' intra- and interrelations differ in higher education? How does understanding African American culture as it relates to higher education research enhance policy-making and practice? What role do HBUCs play in African Americans' participation in higher education? What are the policy and practice implications of,past and current research? Scholars and practitioners of education, culture and race relations will find this collection informative and interesting.

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Contents

Tables and Figures

Acknowledgments

Introduction

References

Overview: African American Participation in Higher Education

References

Part I: Considering African American Culture in Higher Education Research

1: Black to Africa: Some Research Paradigms Reflecting a Black World View

References

2: From Africa to America: The Relationship between Culture and Experience

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3: African American Students and Self-Concept Development: Integrating Cultural Influences into Research and Practice

References

4: Historical Origins of Change: Implications for African Americans in Higher Education

References

Notes

Part II: Examining African American Higher Education Research Issues and Paradigms

5: And Who Shall Control Their Minds?: Race Consciousness and Collective Commitments among African American Students

Appendix: Variable Measurement

References

6: The College Experience: A Conceptual Framework to Consider for Enhancing Students' Educational Gains

References

7: Am I Black Enuf Fo Ya?" Black Student Diversity: Issues of Identity and Community"

Appendix: Interviewees Not Formally Profiled in Chapter

Notes

References

8: Self-Segregation: An Oxymoron in Black and White

References

9: Doing What Comes Unnaturally: Increasing African American Faculty Presence in Predominantly White Colleges and Universities

References

10: Cultural Capital and the Role of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in Educational Reproduction

References

Part III: Addressing Higher Education Policy and Practice as They Relate to African American Culture

11: Policy, Practice, and Performance: Strategies to Foster the Meaningful Involvement of African Americans in Higher Education Decision-Making Processes

References

12: The Rexlationship between Evaluation Effort and Institutional Culture: Mixing Oil and Water?

References

13: African Americans and College Choice: Cultural Considerations and Policy Implications

References

14: Higher Education and Teacher Preparation: Meeting the Challenges and Demands for Academic Success of Urban Youth

References

15: Higher Education Policies and Professional Education in American Black Colleges

Notes

References

Concluding Thoughts

Index

About the Editor and Contributors
10 .

Black Higher Education in the United States: A Selected Bibliography on Negro Higher Education and Historically Black Colleges and Universities
by Fredrick Chambers. 272 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Notes

Doctoral Dissertations 1 1918-1976

Institutional Histories 2 1867-1976

Periodical Literature 3 1857-1976

Masters' Theses 4 1922-1974

Selected Books and 5 General References

Miscellaneous 6

Index

About the Compiler
11 .

The Quest to Define Collegiate Desegregation: Black Colleges, Title VI Compliance, and Post-Adams Litigation
by M. Christopher Brown. 166 pgs.

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This book explores the evolution of the legal standard for collegiate compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 since 1990. Utilizing legal hermeneutics, the legal opinions of the major court rulings in the nineteen southern and border states are interpreted and analyzed, and a legal definition of desegregation emerges. This history of Title VI litigation in higher education reinterprets and elucidates the original intentions of "compliance." It also chronicles the excessive entanglement between the administrative branch of government and the federal judiciary branch. A clearer understanding of how higher education desegregation can be achieved emerges in light of the existing crises in public policy. Special emphasis is placed on exploring the definitions of equity and equality in interpreting higher education desegregation compliance goals.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

An Introduction to the Quest

1: Black Colleges and Desegregation

2: The Unfinished Quest for Compliance

3: Desegregation Litigation Reborn

4: Legal Standards for Compliance

5: Challenges to Compliance

6: Defining Collegiate Desegregation

Afterword: Racial Balance Versus a Unitary System

Appendix A: Glossary of Legal Terms

Appendix B: a Note on Methodology

Bibliography

Index

About the Author
12 .

Success Factors of Young African-American Males at a Historically Black College
by Marilyn J. Ross. 150 pgs.

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At a time when American society is desperately seeking to create hope for inner city black youth, this study serves as a tool to encourage those responsible for teaching and socializing young African-American males, who may feel they have little chance for success. The study involved 17 African-American male students at a historically black college in Miami, Florida. These students had great desire to achieve and did so despite daunting obstacles such as neighborhoods plagued with drugs, gangs, and crime. Interviewing students at the moment in their lives when they had successfully advanced beyond their environment, the author helps them to analyze their past in an honest manner. The study reveals that family, in particular the presence of one person who cares for and encourages the young man, is crucial to the student's success.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

I: Introduction

2: Review of the Literature

3: Methodology

4: Emergent Findings and Postreview of the Literature

5: Analysis, Conclusions, and Recommendations

EPILOGUE

Appendix A Biographical Profile Form

Appendix B Selected lnterview Transcripts

References

Index

About the Author
13 .

Historically Black Colleges and Universities, in Education
by A.L. Evans, A.M. Evans, V. Evans. 15 pgs.

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14 .

What Role Does the Race of Professors Have on the Retention of Students Attending Historically Black Colleges and Universities?, in Education
by Maryellen Geri Hickson. 4 pgs.

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15 .

Minority Enrollment Demand for Higher Education at Historically Black Colleges and Universities from 1976 to 1998: An Empirical Analysis, in Journal of Higher Education
by Liang-Rong Shiau, Macki Sissoko. 18 pgs.

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16 .

Honors Programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities, in Education
by Ivy A. Mitchell. 6 pgs.

Journal Article

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