One in five of the world's population live in the countries of South Asia (covering Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). This region faces many problems regarding economic development, environmental protection, food and water security, governance and human rights, health issues including the rise of HIV/AIDS, inter-state and internal conflicts, international terrorism and nuclear proliferation. This volume contains a number of papers, based on contributions to an international conference held in Tokyo, in May 2002, which consider the implications of these complex issues for the role of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security and to promote socio-economic development in this divided region.