Francois Duvalier

Duvalier, FranÇois - fräNswäˈ düvälyāˈ, 1907–71, dictator of Haiti (1957–71). A physician, he became director-general of the national public health service in 1946 and subsequently served as minister of health and of labor. After opposing Paul Magloire's coup in 1950, he hid in the interior, practicing medicine, until a general Read More...

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Francois Duvalier

1 .

Haiti: The Failure of Politics (Chap. 2 "From U.S. Occupation to Duvalier Family Rule")
by Aaron Segal, Brian Weinstein. 206 pgs.

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The notion that politics has failed the Haitian people is explored in this in-depth and balanced analysis. It identifies the causes of widespread poverty and political instability as the result of multiple internal factors centered in the elite-mass relationship, with the resourcefulness of the people blocked by greedy governments. Weinstein and Segal admit that the U.S. has made some mistakes in its relationship with Haiti, but they do not blame the U.S. for Haiti's worst political failure, the Duvalierist system. Essential to Haiti's recovery are closer ties to the Caribbean and to the EEC, along with a continuing relationship with the U.S.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

1: Politics in Haiti

Notes

2: From U. S. Occupation to Duvalier Family Rule

Conclusion

Notes

3: Government by Franchise

Notes

4: Economic Hopes and Realities

Notes

5: Haiti: The First Third World" State?"

Notes

6: Can Haiti Survive?

Notes

7: Prospects for Democracy

Notes

8: Conclusion: Shaking Off the Past

Notes

Suggested Readings

Bibliography

Index

About the Authors
2 .

A Day for the Hunter, a Day for the Prey: Popular Music and Power in Haiti (Chap. 3 "'Konpa-direk for Life': Francois Duvalier's Dictatorship and Konpa-direk")
by Gage Averill. 276 pgs.

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The history of Haiti throughout the twentieth century has been marked by oppression at the hands of colonial and dictatorial overlords. But set against this "day for the hunter" has been a "day for the prey," a history of resistance, and sometimes of triumph. With keen cultural and historical awareness, Gage Averill shows that Haiti's vibrant and expressive music has been one of the most highly charged instruments in this struggle--one in which power, politics, and resistance are inextricably fused. Averill explores such diverse genres as Haitian jazz, troubadour traditions, Vodou-jazz, konpa, mini-djaz, new generation, and roots music. He examines the complex interaction of music with power in contexts such as honorific rituals, sponsored street celebrations, Carnival, and social movements that span the political spectrum. With firsthand accounts by musicians, photos, song texts, and ethnographic descriptions, this book explores the profound manifestations of power and song in the day-to-day efforts of ordinary Haitians to rise above political repression.

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Title Page

Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology

Contents

Preface

A Note on Translation

1: Introduction

2: Living from Their Own Garden

3: Konpa-Dirèk for Life François Duvalier's Dictatorship and Konpa-Dirèk

4: Musicians Are a Single Family

5: Watch Out for Them! Dechoukaj and Its Aftermath

Epilogue: Carnival of Hope

Discography

Interviews

Index
3 .

Haitians: Migration and Diaspora (Chap. 2 "Duvalierism and Haiti's Vast Majority: The Rural Poor and Pig Repopulation in the 1980s")
by Anthony V. Catanese. 143 pgs.

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Anthony V. Catanese is professor of economics at DePauw University.

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Title Page

Contents

Tables

Preface

1: Introduction

Notes

2: Duvalierism and Haiti's Vast Majority

Notes

3: Deforestation and Haitian Poverty

Notes

4: Misguided Reforestation

Notes

5: Haitian Refugees

Notes

6: The International Embargo of the 1990s

Notes

7: Making Haiti Livable for Its People

Notes

8: Haitian Americans

Notes

9: Transnational Linkages

Notes

Epilogue: The Future

Selected Bibliography

Index
4 .

Building Peace in Haiti (Chap. 5 "Haiti after the Duvaliers")
by Chetan Kumar. 107 pgs.

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Title Page

Building Peace in Haiti

Contents

Acknowledgments

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Chronology of Key Developments

1: Introduction

2: The UN and Haiti Today

3: Haiti Since Independence

4: Underdevelopment in Haiti

5: Haiti After the Duvaliers

6: Recommendations for Peacebuilding

Notes

Bibliography

About This Occasional Paper

The International Peace Academy

Other International Peace Academy Publications
5 .

Haiti in the New World Order: The Limits of the Democratic Revolution (Chap. 2 "A Neo-Liberal Model for Post-Duvalier Haiti")
by Alex Dupuy. 220 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Acronyms

1: Meanings of the New World Order

2: A Neoliberal Model for Post-Duvalier Haiti

3: The Struggle for a Democratic Alternative: 1986-1990

4: The Prophet Armed: Jean-Bertrand Aristide's Liberation Theology and Politics

5: An Alternative Development Model for Haiti

Notes

6: The Lavalas Government and Its Overthrow: February to September 1991

7: The Prophet Tamed: The Coup D'État and the Moderation of Aristide

8: Epilogue

Chronology

References

About the Book and Author

Index
6 .

Latin American Politics and Development ("The Duvalier Era" begins on p. 524)
by Harvey F. Kline, Howard J. Wiarda. 580 pgs.

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Contents

Illustrations

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Part 1: The Latin American Tradition and Process of Development

1: The Context of Latin American Politics

2: The Pattern of Historical Development

Notes

3: Interest Groups and Political Parties

Conclusions

Notes

4: Government Machinery, the Role of the State, and Public Policy

Conclusions

Notes

5: The Latin American Tradition and the Struggle for Democracy

Conclusions

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

Part 2: The Political Systems of South America

6: Argentina: Politics in a Conflict Society

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

7: Brazil: The Politics of "Order and Progress" or Chaos and Regression?

Conclusion

Suggestions for Further Reading

Notes

8: Chile

Suggestions for Further Reading

Notes

9: Colombia: The Attempt to Replace Violence with Democracy

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

10: Peru: The Enduring Authoritarian Legacy

Conclusions

Suggestions for Further Reading

11: Venezuela: The Stressing of Distributive Justice

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

12: Uruguay: Redefining Normalcy

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

13: Paraguay's Fledgling Democracy: Precarious Progress

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

14: Bolivia: Revolution and Reaction

Suggestions for Further Reading

15: Ecuador: The Fragility of Dependent Democracy

Suggestions for Further Reading

Conclusion

Part 3: The Political Systems of Central and Middle America and the Caribbean

16: Mexico

Suggestions for Further Reading

Notes

17: Development, Revolution, and Decay in Cuba

Conclusion

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

18: Costa Rica

Conclusions

Suggestions for Further Reading

Notes

19: Nicaragua: Revolution and Retrenchment

Conclusion

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

20: El Salvador

Conclusion

Suggestions for Further Reading

21: Guatemala: Politics in a Central American City-State

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

22: Honduras

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

23: The Dominican Republic: The Challenge of Preserving a Fragile Democracy

Suggestions for Further Reading

Conclusion

24: Panama: Cycles of Elitist Democracy and Authoritarian Populism

Conclusion

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

25: Haiti: The Failures of Governance

Notes

Suggestions for Further Reading

Part 4: Conclusion: Latin America and Its Alternative Futures

About the Book

About the Editors and Contributors

Index
7 .

The Legacy of the Monroe Doctrine: A Reference Guide to U.S. Involvement in Latin America and the Caribbean ("Francois ("Papa Doc") Duvalier (1957-1971)" begins on p. 226)
by David W. Dent. 422 pgs.

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Ideal for student research and debate, this is the first single-volume reference work to examine, country by country, the history of U.S. involvement in 24 Latin American and Caribbean nations. It will help students to understand and debate the role of the United States in Latin America since the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 and whether in the long run U.S. intervention in the internal affairs of Latin American governments has been counterproductive. Each country and its relations with the United States is analyzed succinctly in an individual chapter. Dent, a noted expert on inter-American relations, organizes each chapter around major themes that illuminate both historical and contemporary issues, and shows how in recent years U.S. concerns have been transformed from issues of security and economic interests to drug trafficking, immigration, democratization, and trade pacts. Discussion of key events--wars, revolutions, and dictatorships--and lively accounts of the role of powerful individuals illustrate the causes and consequences of U.S. involvement.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

1: Introduction

Notes

Suggested Readings

2: Argentina

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

3: Bolivia

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

4: Brazil

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

5: Chile

Introduction

Suggested Readings

Conclusion

Notes

Colombia

Introduction

Suggested Readings

Conclusion

Notes

7: Costa Rica

Introduction

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Notes

8: Cuba

Introduction

Notes

Suggested Readings

Conclusion

9: Dominican Republic

Introduction

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Notes

10: Ecuador

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

11: El Salvador

Introduction

Notes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

12: Grenada

Notes

Suggested Readings

13: Guatemala

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

14: Guyana

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

15: Haiti

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

16: Honduras

Introduction

Notes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

17: Jamaica Timeline of U.S. Relations with Jamaica

Introduction

Suggested Readings

Conclusion

Notes

18: Mexico

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

19: Nicaragua

Introduction

Notes

Suggested Readings

Conclusion

20: Panama

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

21: Paraguay

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

22: Peru

Introduction

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

Notes

23: Trinidad and Tobago

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

24: Uruguay

Introduction

Notes

Conclusion

Suggested Readings

25: Venezuela

Introduction

Conclusion

Notes

Suggested Readings

Appendix The Monroe Doctrine: Excerpts from Monroe's Original Message, December 2, 1823

Glossary

Index

About the Author
8 .

Missions for Science: U.S. Technology and Medicine in America's African World (Discussion of Francois Duvalier in Chap. 7 "Technology of Reaction: Haiti and the New Dispersal")
by David McBride. 308 pgs.

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Missions for Science traces the development and transfer of technology in four Atlantic regions with populations of predominantly African ancestry: the southern United States, the Panama Canal Zone, Haiti, and Liberia. David McBride explores how the pursuit of the scientific ideal, and the technical and medical outgrowths of this pursuit, have shaped African diaspora populations in these areas, asking:
-- What specific technologies and medical resources were transferred by U.S. institutions to black populations centers and why?
-- How did the professed aims of U.S. technical projects, public health, and military activities differ from their actual effects and consequences?
-- Did the U.S. technical transfer amount to a form of political hegemony?
-- What lessons can we learn from the history of technology and medicine in these key geographic regions?
Missions for Science is the first book to explain how modern industrial and scientific advances shaped black Atlantic population centers. McBride is the first to provide a historical analysis of how shifting environmental factors and disease-control aid from the United States affected the collective development of these populations. He also discusses how independent black Atlantic republics with close historical links to the United States independently envisioned and attempted to use science and technology to build their nations.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Missions for Science

Introduction

Part I: Enduring the Technology Take-Off

Chapter 1: Birth of the Black Belt

Chapter 2: The Panama Canal Zone

Chapter 3: Haiti Through the Occupation

Chapter 4: Liberia Before World War II

Part II: Encountering the Science Superpower

Chapter 5: The Decline of the Black Belt

Chapter 6: Liberia's Search for Development

Chapter 7: Haiti and the New Dispersal

Conclusion: Science and Hope

Notes

Selected References

Index

About the Author

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