American Isolationism

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American Isolationism

1.

Isolation and Security: Ideas and Interests in Twentieth-Century American Foreign Policy
by Alexander Deconde. 212 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Introduction

Contents

1. Alexander Deconde: On Twentieth-Century Isolationism

3. J. Chalmers Vinson: Military Force and American Policy, 1919-1939

4. Robert H. Ferrell: The Peace Movement

5. William R. Allen: Cordell Hull and the Defense Of The Trade Agreements Program, 1934-1940

6. William L Neumann: Ambiguity and Ambivalence In Ideas of National Interest in Asia

7. Kenneth W. Thompson: Isolationism and Collective Security: The Uses and Limits of Two Theories Of International Relations

Bibliographical Notes

Index
2.

Misreading the Public: The Myth of a New Isolationism
by Steven Kull, I. M. Destler. 312 pgs.

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Title Page

ABOUT BROOKINGS

Acknowledgments

Contents

Foreword

1 The Puzzle

PART ONE The Gap

2 America's Role In Today's, World

3 The United Nations

4 Un Peacekeeping

5 Foreign Aid

6 Defense Spending

PART TWO Challenging the Gap

7 Letting Policy Practitioners Ask The Questions

8 How the Public Makes Budgetary Trade-Offs

9 Does Congress Mirror the Public?

PART THREE Explaining the Gap

10 Why Do Policy Practitioners Misperceive the Public?

11 Why Doesn't Politics Close the Gap?

12 Putting the Puzzle Together

Appendix: Design of the Study

Notes

Index
3.

Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century
by Eric A. Nordlinger. 335 pgs.

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This iconoclastic and fundamental work, Eric Nordlinger's last, advocates a new variant of isolationism, a "national strategy" confining U.S. military actions largely to North America and to neighboring sea-and air- lanes but encouraging international activism and engagement in nonsecurity realms. In Nordlinger's view, disengaging from security commitments on distant shores would liberate the United States to use its resources and decision-making powers to act more effectively abroad in matters of economic policy and human rights. A national strategy would then become a powerful new method of encouraging international ideals of democracy, and isolationism would be freed of its previous associations with appeasement, weakness, economic protectionism, and self-serving nationalism.
Nordlinger draws on the recent historical record to show that a national strategy would have lessened the perils of earlier decades, including those of the Cold War. While real dangers did exist during this period, engaged strategies, such as containment, too often exacerbated them. The United States could have effectively and far less expensively helped to

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Title Page

To My Wife “sam”

Contents

Foreword and Acknowledgments

Isolationism Reconfigured

Chapter I: Introduction

Part One: America's Security

Chapter II: A National Strategy: Contemporary Contours and the Historical Record

Chapter III: America's Strategic Immunity

Chapter IV: Tailoring Policies to Intentions: Problematics and Hazards

Chapter V: Maximizing Deterrence, Defense, and Economic Security

Chapter VI: Maximizing Conciliation: Reassuring the Challenger

Chapter VII: Minimizing Strategic Mismanagement: Avoiding Inadvertent Security Deflations

Part Two: Beyond the Security Realm

Chapter VIII: America's International Ideals

Chapter IX: The National Welfare

Chapter X: Liberal, Constitutional, and Legal Ideals

Chapter XI: An American Foreign Policy

Notes

Index
4.

Toward an Entangling Alliance: American Isolationism, Internationalism, and Europe, 1901-1950
by Ronald E. Powaski. 298 pgs.

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Powaski's study analyzes why the United States, conceived with a dedication to peace, individual freedom, and opportunity, pursued a policy of political and military isolationism toward Europe, and how the upheavals of the 20th century necessitated the abandonment of this policy by 1950. A chronological approach to the topic identifies the origins of isolationism in colonial idealism, and traces the factors, events, and personalities which forced the United States to reevaluate its international position and ultimately reaffirm its original ideals through continuing involvement in world peace organizations.

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Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction: American Isolationism Until 1901

1: The Emergence of American Internationalism, 1901-1921

2: Republican Isolationism 1921-1933

3: Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Isolationists, and the Aggressors 1933-1939

4: The Road to War, 1939-1941

5: The Grand Alliance 1941-1943

6: The Road to Victory, 1944-1945

7: The Collapse of the Grand Alliance, 1945-1947

8: The Creation of the North Atlantic Alliance, 1947-1950

Conclusion: The Entangling Alliance

Notes

Suggested Readings

Index

About the Autbor
5.

Twentieth-Century American Foreign Policy (Includes discussion of American isolationism in multiple chapters)
by John Braeman, Robert H. Bremner, David Brody. 567 pgs.

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The Changing Interpretive Structure of American Foreign Policy

Writings on American Foreign Relations: 1957 to the Present

Bureaucracy and Professionalism in the Development of American Career Diplomacy

The United States a World Power, 1900-1917: Myth or Reality?

The United States and the Failure of Collective Security in the 1930s

The United States and the Atlantic Alliance: the First Generation

Canada in North America

Recent United States-Mexican Relations: Problems Old and New

The United States and Cuba: the Uncomfortable "Abrazo," 1898-1968

The United States and Great Britain: Uneasy Allies

From Contempt to Containment: Cycles in American Attitudes Toward China

Notes on the Contributors

Index
6.

The New Isolationism: A Study in Politics and Foreign Policy since 1950
by Norman A. Graebner. 289 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

1: Foundation: 1950

2: The Great Debate

3: The Price of Partisanship

4: Foreign Policy in '52

5: Eisenhower and the New Isolationism

6: In Lieu of Diplomacy

7: The Dilemma of Politics

8: Geneva: the Challenge That Failed

9: The Task of Leadership

Notes

Index
7.

America First: The Battle against Intervention, 1940-41
by Wayne S. Cole. 305 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

1: The Genesis

2: Leadership, Organization and Finances

3: The Great Arsenal of Democracy?

4: War or Peace?

5: Capitalism, Communism and Catholicism

6: Military Defense

7: The Nazi Transmission Belt?

8: Anti-Semitism and America First

9: Shoot on Sight

10: Politics and the Battle Against Intervention

11: Pearl Harbor

Notes

Bibliography and Index

Index
8.

Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations ("Fight for Neutrality" begins on p. 77)
by Wayne S. Cole. 298 pgs.

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Contents

AGRARIANS AND AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY

AGRARIAN CRUSADE

2: The Oldest Nye Boy

3: North Dakota Newspaperman

4: Young Senator Nye

5: International Bankers and Munitions Makers

FIGHT FOR NEUTRALITY

6: The Nye Committee and Presidential Power

7: Legislating Neutrality

8: Armaments and Disarmament

9: Political Struggles and Transition

BATTLE AGAINST INTERVENTION

10: The Advent of Foreign War

11: America First

12: The Lonely Road

EPILOGUE

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bibliographical Note

Acknowledgments

INDEX
9.

Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign against American "Neutrality" in World War II
by Nicholas John Cull. 280 pgs.

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"British propaganda brought America to the brink of war, and left it to the Japanese and Hitler to finish the job." So concludes Nicholas Cull in this absorbing study of how the United States was transformed from isolationism to belligerence in the years before the attack on Pearl Harbor. From the moment it realized that all was lost without American aid, the British Government employed a host of persuasive tactics to draw the US to its rescue. With the help of talents as varied as those of matinee idol Leslie Howard, Oxford philosopher Isaiah Berlin and society photographer Cecil Beaton, no section of America remained untouched and no method--from Secret Service intrigue to the publication of horrifying pictures of Nazi atrocities--remained untried. The British sought and won the support of key journalists and broadcasters, including Edward R. Murrow, Dorothy Thompson and Walter Winchell; Hollywood film makers also played a willing part. Cull details these and other propaganda activities, covering the entire range of the British effort. A fascinating story of how a foreign country provoked America's involvement in its greatest war, Selling War will appeal to all those interested in the modern cultural and political history of Britain and the United States.

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Acknowledgments

Contents

Terminology

Abbreviations

Introduction

1: The Gathering Storm: Britain's American Propaganda Policy, 1937 to 1939

2: To War with Words: British Propaganda in the United States During the Phoney War, September 1939 to May 1940

3: Their Finest Hour: Projecting the Battle of Britain, May to September 1940

4: London Can Take It": British Propaganda and the Blitz, September to December 1940"

5: Give Us the Tools . . .": British Propaganda and American Aid, January to August 1941"

6: War Comes to America: The Road to Pearl Harbor, August to December 1941

Epilogue: British Propaganda in the United States After 1941

Conclusion: British Propaganda and the Making of American Foreign Policy, 1939 to 1941

Notes

Bibliography

Index
10.

The Neutrality Policy of the United States (1936)
by Julia E. Johnsen. 274 pgs.

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Title Page

Introduction

Contents

Summary of the Arguments

Bibliography

Definitions

General Discussion

Historical Development of the Law Of Neutrality

Legal Position of Neutrality

Neutrality and War Prevention

Position of American Neutrality During the World War

Covenant of the League of Nations And Neutrality

Neutrality Policy of August 1935

American Policy

New Proposals

Price of Neutrality

Brief Excerpts

Neutral Policy for America

Affirmative Discussion

Mandatory Neutrality

Contraband and Neutral Trade

Future of Neutrality

Safeguards to Neutrality

Dragging America into War

American Neutrality

Propaganda Balance Sheet

Brief Excerpts

Cost of Peace

Negative Discussion

World Chaos Once More

Neutrality and International Organization

Is Neutrality Consistent With International Cooperation?

Neutrality and Neutral Rights Following the Pact Of Paris

Neutrality and War Prevention

Our Foreign Policy with Respect To Neutrality

Economics of Neutrality

Brief Excerpts
11.

Elements of American Foreign Policy ("The Gospel of Isolationism" begins on p. 222)
by L. Larry Leonard. 611 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

Part One: The Character Of American Foreign Policy

[1]the Quest for Meaning

Part Two: The Constitutional Framework

[ 3 ] the Constitutions and Foreign Policy

[4] the Constitutional Source of Authority

Section A. the Relationship of President And Congress

[6a] Opinion in the Curtiss-Wright Case

[6b] Opinion in the Pink Case

[7] the Need for Executive-Legislative Collaboration

Section B. Authority to Commit the Nation

[9a] an Omnibus Proposal

[9c] the Abusive Executive Agreements

[10] in Defense of the Treaty Process

Section C. Authority to Use Troops

[12] Congress Charts a Course

[14a] Troops for Nato by the Senate

[14b] Troops for Germany

Part Three: The Making Of American Foreign Policy

[15] the Need for Organization And Discipline by the Editor

Section A. the Executive Branch

[16b] Where Should Responsibility for Foreign Economic Affairs Rest?

[ 16c ] the Crucial Decision

[ 17a ] Dangers of the Military Mind

[17b] Military Influence Exaggerated

[18a] Toward Greater Unity

[18b] the Presidential Aides

[18c] the National Security Council

[19a] Meaning and Methods Of Intelligence

[20a] the Course is Charted

[20c] the Coordinators

[24] the Senate Agency

[25] the House Agency

[26] in Partnership with the Executive

[27] Participation in Delegations to The Un

[28a] Must There Be Secrecy?

[28c] Congress Resolves

[29a] for Bipartisanship

[29b] Against Bipartisanship

[31] Should the People Decide by Referendum?

[33] Evaluating Public Opinion

Part Four: The Substance Of American Foreign Policy

Section A. the Tradition of No Entanglements

[36] the Monroe Doctrine

[36a] an Interpretation

[36b] a Corollary

[37] Commitments in China

[37b] Reaffirming the Open Door

[37c] Territorial Integrity

[39] Limits to League Collaboration

[40] a Quarantine of Aggressors

[41] the Neutrality Dogma

[42] the Neutrality Tradition

[43] Neutrality by Legislation

[45] the Meaning of Isolation by Albert K. Weinberg

Section B. Emergence of the New Foreign Policy

[47a] a Policy in Embryo

[47b] the Commitment

[48a] the Lend-Lease Act by Congress

[48b] Master Lend-Lease Agreement

[49] the Atlantic Charter

[51] Identifying New Obligations

[52] the Old Isolation Passes

[53] Great Expectations

[54] Guiding Principles By

[56] the Assumptions

[57] the Issues

[58a] the Idea of Containment

[60a] Declaration on Liberated Europe by the Big Three

[60b] the Process of Soviet Expansion

[61] Containment Reconsidered by H. Stuart Hughes

Section D. the Defense of Western Europe

[ 63 ] Economic and Military Assistance

[64a] the Idea

[64b] the Policy

Implementation by Treaty

The Nato Defense Alliance

[66c] America's Responsibilities

[67] Germany--Dilemma for the Policy

[67d] Conditions for German Unity

[67e] Hopes and Doubts

[ 68a ] America's Concern with European Unity

Section E. Toward Security in Asia And the Pacific

[70] the Nature of the Challenge

[72] Ebb and Flow in China

[74] Occupation Objectives in Japan

[] Peace with Japan

[] Treaty with Japan

[76b] Treaty with Australia and New Zealand

[76c] Treaty with the Philippines

[77] Economic and Military Aid

Section F. Ferment in the Near East

Section G. the Good Neighbors

[82] the Security System of the Americas

[84] Economic and Military Aid

Section H. the Quest for Security Through The United Nations

[ 85 ] Great Expectations

[86] the Security System

[88a] Control of Atomic Energy by Bernard M. Baruch

[88b] Control and Reduction of Armaments

Section I. Global Aspects

[91] the Global Mutual Security Program

[92a] the Idea of Point Four by Harry

[92b] Point Four in Operation

[92c] Implementation by Treaty

[93] Expanding World Trade

[94b] Clarification of American Policy, May 11, 1952

[94c] the Case of the Watch Tariff

[96a] a New Strategy for the Minds of Men

[96c] the Techniques

Section J. Epilogue: the Future of American Policy

[98a] Nine Principles

[99] Prescription for the Future

[100] the Way to Security by Robert A. Taft

[101] a Strategy for the Pacific

[102] a Policy for Asia by William O. Douglas

Selected Bibliography

Index

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