Japanese Education

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Japanese Education

1.

Japanese Education Since 1945: A Documentary Study
by Edward R. Beauchamp, James M. Vardaman. 346 pgs.

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Title Page

Japanese Education Since 1945

Japanese Education Since 1945: A Documentary Study

Contents

List of Tables and Figures

Part I Japanese Education and the Development of Postwar Education Policy, 1945-1985

Introduction: Japanese Education Since 1945

Part II Selected Documents

A. War, Defeat, and Occupation, 1890-1952

1: Imperial Rescript on Education (kyoiku Chokugo)

2: Japan: The Education System Under Military Government (pwc—287a)

3: Positive Policy for Reorientation of the Japanese (swncc 162/D)

4: The Potsdam Proclamation

5: School Education Under the New Situation (i) (hatsu Sen No. 118)

6: United States Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan

7: Educational Situation at End of the War

8: School Education Under the New Situation (ii) (hatsu Koku No. 184) (from the Chief of the Bureau of Lower Education [ministry of Education] to All Prefectural Governors)

9: Educational Policy for the Construction of a New Japan (shin Nihon Kensetsu No Kyoiku Hoshin)

10: Plan for Educational Control in Japan Under Military Occupation

11: Administration of the Educational System of Japan

12: Problems Involved in Japanese Educational Reforms

13: Memorandum on Investigation, Screening, and Certification of Teachers and Educational Officers

14: Abolition of State Shinto

15: Staff Study on Proposed Education Mission (cie, Ghq, Scap)

16: Suspension of Courses in Morals (shushin), Japanese History, and Geography

17: Imperial Rescript on Reconstruction

18: Committee of Japanese Educators

19: Reorientation of the Japanese

20: Bases for Educational Reconstruction

21: Report of the [first] U.S. Education Mission: Digest

22: A Guide for the "New Education" (shin Kyoiku Hoshin)

23: The Constitution of Japan

24: Revision of the Japanese Educational System

25: School Education Law (law No. 26) (gakko Kyoiku Ho)

26: The Fundamental Law of Education (law No. 25) (kyoiku Kihon Ho)

27: Japan Teachers' Union: Main Principles, Bylaws, Proclamations, Resolutions, Summary of Activities, Public Statements (nihon Kyoshokuin Kumiai Soritsukai)

28: Appeal to Educators

29: The Board of Education Law (law No. 170) (kyoiku Iinkai Ho)

30: Dr. Walter Ells's Convocation Address at the Opening of Niigata University

31: White Paper on Education Prepared by the Japan Teachers' Union

32: A Code of Ethics for Teachers (kyoshi No Ronri Koryo)

B. Consolidation and Reversal of Course, 1953-1960

33: Maintaining the Neutrality of Education (kyoiku No Churitsu No Iji Ni Tsuite [tsutatsu])

34: Law for the Promotion of Science Education (rika Kyoiku Shinko Ho)

35: Report Concerning the Preservation of Political Neutrality of Teaching Staff (kyoin No Seijiteki Churitsusei Iji Ni Kansuru Toshin)

36: Law No. 157: Concerning Temporary Measures for Ensuring Political Neutrality in Compulsory Education (gimu Kyoiku Sho-Gakko Ni Okeru Kyoiku No Seijiteki Churitsu No Kakuho Ni Kansuru Rinji Setchi Ho)

37: Opinion on Technical Education to Meet the Needs of the New Era (shinjidai No Yosei Ni Taio Suru Gijutsu Kyoiku Ni Kansuru Iken)

38: The Emergency Declaration of the Japan Teachers' Union

C. Economic Expansion and Student Unrest, 1960-1973

39: The Advance of Manpower Capability and Promotion of Scientific Technology (kokumin Shotoko Baizo Keikake)

40: Request for Measures for the Establishment and Promotion of the Advance of Technical Education (gijutsu Kyoiku E No Kakkiteki Shinko Saku No Kakuritsu Shinten Ni Kansuru Yobo)

41: Prime Minister Ikeda's Campaign Speech for the Upper House of the Diet ("Hitozukuri" Enzetsu)

42: Contributions of Education to Economic Growth

43: Problems and Strategies in Manpower Development During Economic Growth: Report of the Economic Investigation Council (keizai Hatten Ni Okeru Jinteki Noryoku Kaihatsu No Kadai to Taisaku)

44: Japan Teachers' Union 1966 Convention Goals

45: The Image of the Ideal Japanese (kitai Sareru Ningenzo)

46: Course of Study for Junior High Schools: Moral Education

47: A Proposal Concerning the Fundamental Issues of Education (kyoiku No Kihon Mondai Ni Taisuru Teigen)

48: Problems Concerning Students

49: Reviews of National Policies for Education: Japan

50: Social Education in a Rapidly Changing Society (kyugeki Na Shakai Kozo No Henka Ni Taio Suru Shakai Kyoiku No Arikata Ni Tsuite)

51: Basic Ministry of Education Guidelines for the Reform of Education (kongo Ni Okeru Gakko Kyoiku No Sogoteki Na Kakuju Seibi No Tame No Kihonteki Shisaku Ni Tsuite)

52: Basic Guidelines for the Reform of Higher Education

53: The Formation of Human Character in the New Industrial Society—the Ideal Form of Education from a Long-Term Perspective (atarashii Sangyo Shakai Ni Okeru Ningen Keisei—chokiteki Kanten Kara Mita Kyoiku No Arikata)

54: How Japanese Education Ought to Be (nihon No Kyoiku Wa Dou Arubeki Ka)

D. from "Oil Shock" to Economic Giant, 1973—1990

55: Features of Education in Japan: Background

56: Japan's Private Universities

57: Ministry of Education Directive Concerning the Prevention of Delinquency of Pupils (jido Seito No Hiko No Boshi Ni Tsuite [tsutatsu])

58: Concerning the [ministry of Education] Survey of Actual Conditions of Moral Education in Public Elementary and Junior High Schools (koritsu Sho-Chugakko Ni Okeru Dotoku Kyoiku No Jisshi Jokyo No Chosa Ni Tsuite)

59: Moral Education

60: Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone's Formal Request on Education Reform at the First General Meeting of the Provisional Council on Educational Reform and His Address

61: Study of Educational Reform and Improvement of Entrance Examination System: Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone's "Seven-Point Proposal" on Educational Reform

62: Progress Report by "Quality of Education" Panel of the Central Education Council

63: Yomiuri Shimbun Opinion Survey on Education

64: Seven Recommendations to Revitalize School Education

65: A Proposition from Businessmen for Educational Reform: In Pursuit of Creativity, Diversity, and Internationality

66: Japan Teachers' Union's Views on the Bill to Establish the Provisional Council on Educational Reform

67: The Japan Socialist Party's Counter-Proposal to the Establishment of the Provisional Council on Educational Reform

68: Introductory Note on the National Council on Educational Reform

69: Summary of First Report on Education Reform

70: Reforms to Invigorate Education and Inspire Public Confidence

71: Reform of Elementary and Secondary Education

72: Reforms for Coping with the Changes of the Times

73: Higher Education Reform Proposals

74: Implementation of Educational Reform

Index
2.

Japanese Education: Made in the U.S.A
by Nicholas J. Haiducek. 144 pgs.

Book

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The Japanese educational system has become an object of growing dissatisfaction among Japanese students and parents, and some Japanese educators are looking at the American system of higher education as a model of a viable alternative. According to Haiducek current efforts to develop branch schools of American colleges and universities in Japan are consistent with Japan's penchant for borrowing and adapting information and technology. But Japanese and American expectations concerning the goals of these endeavors differ greatly and this constitutes significant obstacles to their success. By outlining the historical facts and the ideological motivations of Japanese educational climate and the American perspective, this book increases awareness of the conflicting purposes at work and tries to stimulate communication between the two countries concerning the development of more effective educational programs.

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgments

CONTENTS

Tables and Figures

FOREWORD

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter One an Introduction

NOTE

Chapter Two Japan: the Beginning

Chapter Three the Meiji Restoration and the Industrial Revolution

NOTES

Chapter Four Post-Tokyo-Olympics: Japan Reborn

NOTE

Chapter Five Japanese Expectations in the Current Borrowing Effort

NOTES

Chapter Six the Questionnaire and Its Rationale

Chapter Seven the Program: an Analysis

Chapter Eight Business Options: an Open Door

Chapter Nine Some Conclusions

Appendix A ONGOING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN JAPANESE INDUSTRIES AND CORPORATIONS

Appendix B AMERICAN COLLEGES AND" UNIVERSITIES CURRENTLY INTERESTED IN THE JAPAN BRANCH PROGRAM

Appendix C DRAFT PROPOSED GUIDELINES FOR THE EVALUATION OF BRANCH CAMPUSES OF UNITED STATES UNIVERSITIES IN JAPAN

Appendix D A PROPOSAL TO ESTABLISH AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES IN JAPAN

Appendix E INTERNATIONAL LOBBY FOR THE ENHANCED EQUILIBRIUM OF TRADE AND ECONOMY

Appendix F RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
3.

Windows on Japanese Education
by Edward R. Beauchamp . 336 pgs.

Book

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The fact that Japanese students consistently outperform other nationalities on international tests of educational achievement has made the Japanese educational system a leading topic for media attention and evaluative study. This volume is a collection of essays by both Japanese and American scholars in the field of Japanese education which presents an updated overview of this system, its strengths and its weaknesses. Each contributor writes both within his own specialty and with a view to those political, social, and economic factors which affect the Japanese educational climate.

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Title Page

Contents

Introduction

NOTES

1: The Historical Context of Japanese Education to 1945

Introduction

NOTES

2: The Development of Japanese Educational Policy, 1945-1985

NOTES

3: Education Reform in Japan: Goals and Results of the Recent Reform Campaign

NOTES

4: Financing Japanese Education

NOTES

5: The Japanese Preschool System

References

6: Task Persistence in Japanese Elementary Schools

Introduction

Conclusions

NOTES

7: Teaching of Mathematics in Japanese Schools

NOTES

8: Japan's Science and Engineering Pipeline: Structure, Policies, and Trends

NOTES

9: The Contribution of Education to Japan's Economic Growth

NOTES

10: The Education of Women in Japan

Introduction

NOTES

References

Introduction

11: Teacher Education in Japan

NOTES

12: The Role of Education in Preserving the Ethnic Identity of Korean Residents in Japan

NOTES

13: "Examination Hell"

NOTES

14: The Future of Japanese Higher Education

NOTES

15: Postscript: What Can We Learn from Japan?

NOTES

Index

About the Contributors
4.

Inside Japanese Classrooms: The Heart of Education
by Nancy E. Sato. 325 pgs.

Book

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This detailed ethnographic study of fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms offers new insights into Japanese culture, as many aspects of daily social life are embedded in the educational system. Additionally, this book provides new perspectives on educational reform in the U.S.A., since many current issues and programs focus on notions of community, collaboration and systemic reform, all of which are central to understanding Japanese teaching-learning processes in schools.

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Title Page

Contents

Series Preface

Acknowledgments

1: Introduction

2: Setting the Stage

3: School Settings, School Organization, and Teacher Work Arrangements

4: A School Week and a Year in the Students' Lives

5: Two Classrooms, Two Realities

6: Classroom Instruction

7: Equality and Equity: the Japanese Case

8: Conclusion

A

B

C

D

E

Bibliography

Subject Index

Author and Education Programs Index
5.

Learning to Be Modern: Japanese Political Discourse on Education
by Byron K. Marshall. 320 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Tables

Figures

Preface

Introduction

1: Clarifying Loyalty and Filial Piety: 1800-1850s

The Decentralized Tokugawa State

2: Knowledge from Throughout the World: The Reforms of the 1870s

Conclusion

3: Assimilating the Elements: 1879-1905

Conclusion

4: To Liberate Education from Bureaucratic Control: 1905-1931

Conclusion

5: Mobilizing the Spirit of the Nation: 1931-1945

Conclusion

6: Stamping Out the Bad, Stamping in the New: 1945-1950

Conclusion

7: Warfare Waged Between the Entrenched: 1950-1969

Conclusion

8: The Challenge of a New Era: 1970-1989

Conclusion

9: Our National Identity as Japanese: Post-Shōwa Japan

Notes

Bibliography

About the Book and Author

Index
6.

Shogun's Ghost: The Dark Side of Japanese Education
by Ken Schoolland. 207 pgs.

Book

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Unruly classrooms, a general lack of discipline and study habits, truancy, and rampant cheating on exams--all of these are recognizable as symptoms of a decaying education system. Schoolland, who taught at the college level in Japan for five years, applies these symptoms to Japanese schools and shatters the myth of excellence surrounding that system of education. In this first person account, Schoolland reveals a side of Japanese education rarely seen in the West. Shogun's Ghost presents a new look at the education system with which the United States would supposedly have to contend in the race for economic supremacy.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

1: Killed Over a Hair Dryer

2: The Race

3: Rules, Rules, Rules

4: Changed Youth, Unchanged Institutions

5: Punishment

6: Lessons in Violence

7: The Whip of Love

8: May His Soul Sleep in Peace

9: Bullied to Death

10: Son of Taibatsu

11: Homogeneous Society?

12: Shogun's Ghost

13: Whirlwind of Politics

14: The Brighter Side

Further Reading

Index

About the Author
7.

Education and the Rise of the Global Economy
by Joel Spring. 236 pgs.

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Sociocultural, Political, And Historical Studies in Education

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

1: Education and White Love: The Foundation and Language of the Global Economy

Notes

2: Japan: Western Science, Eastern Morals

3: Singapore: Schooling for Economic Growth

Notes

4: The European Union

Notes

5: The United States and the United Kingdom: Schooling and the Free Market

Notes

6: Oecd and the World Bank: Globalization of Human Capital Ideas

Notes

7: The United Nations: The Right To an Education in Human Rights?

Notes

8: Conclusion: Education and the Global Economy

Notes

Index
8.

International Handbook of Educational Reform
by Susan F. Semel, Alan R. Sadovnik, Peter W. Cookson Jr. 617 pgs.

Book

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This comprehensive reference offers a systematic overview of changes in educational policy and practice around the world. Each chapter focuses on reform in one of the 30 countries profiled.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

References

Part I Educational Reform in the 1980s: National Case Studies

2 Argentina

3 Australia

4 Brazil

5 Canada

References

References

6 China

7 Colombia

References

8 Cuba

References

9 Arab Republic of Egypt

References

References

11 Germany

References

12 Great Britain

13 Hong Kong

References

14 Hungary

References

15 India

References

16 Iran

Note

Note

17 Israel

Note

Note

18 Japan

References

19 Kenya

References

20 Mexico

References

References

21 Nicaragua

References

22 Norway

References

23 Peru

References

South Africa

References

25 United States

References

26 Ussr

References

27 Yugoslavia

References

Notes

References

References

Part II Comparative Issues in Stratification

29 Women and Higher Education Reforms: Expansion Without Equality

References

References

30 Issues of Class and Educational Reform in Comparative Perspective

References

Selected Bibliography

Index

About the Contributors
9.

Asian-American Education: Historical Background and Current Realities
by Meyer Weinberg. 350 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Preface

Chapter One: Introduction

Chapter Two China

Chapter Two China

Notes

Chapter Three Japan

Notes

Chapter Four Korea

Notes

Chapter Five Philippines

Notes

Concluding Remarks

Notes

Chapter Seven Cambodia

Concluding Remarks

Notes

Chapter Eight Laos

Notes

Chapter Nine Hong Kong

Notes

Chapter Ten Taiwan

Notes

Chapter Eleven Micronesia

Notes

Chapter Twelve Polynesia

Notes

Chapter Thirteen India

Notes

Chapter Fourteen Cross-Group Issues

Notes

Index
10.

The Japanese School: Lessons for Industrial America
by Benjamin Duke. 244 pgs.

Book

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"There is no doubt in my mind that this is the best book on the Japanese school, and especially on the underlying concepts. As such it is one of the most important books on Japanese society." Peter Drucker "Benjamin Duke knows both American and Japanese education intimately. His analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each is compelling. Everyone interested in Japan's economic performance over the past generation--and the next--needs to examine The Japanese School." Mike Mansfield U.S. Ambassador to Japan

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Title Page

Contents

Forewords from America

Foreword from Japan

Preface

Introduction

1: A Nation at Risk

2: The Loyal Worker Kumi: The Group

3: The Literate Worker Kokugo: The National Language

4: The Competent Worker Sugaku: Mathematics

5: The Diligent Worker Gambare!: Persevere!

6: The Future Worker

7: Lessons for the United States from Japan

8: Lessons for Japan from the United States

Postscript: Are We A Nation at Risk?

Notes

Acknowledgments

Index

About the Author
11.

The Role of Universities in the Education of Japanese Teachers: A Distant Perspective, in PJE. Peabody Journal of Education
by Carolyn A. Hawley, Willis D. Hawley. 12 pgs.

Journal Article
12.

Japanese Education Reform: Nakasone's Legacy
by Christopher P. Hood. 228 pgs.

Book

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Many feel that Japanese education system is stunted by an inability, or perhaps even an incapacity, to change. This study challenges these contentions and examines the reform policies implemented by Prime Minister Nakasone during the 1980s.

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Title Page

Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgements

Notes on Style

1: Introduction

2: Background

3: Nakasone as Number One

4: 'Healthy Internationalism'

5: Traditionalism and Control

6: 'Liberalisation' and 'Privatisation'

7: The Individual

8: The Social Problems

9: United and Successful

Appendix 1: Major Events in Nakasone's Life, Education and Japan

Appendix 2: History and Meaning of Hinomaru and Kimigayo

Glossary

Notes

Bibliography

Index
13.

Development Education in Japan: A Comparative Analysis of the Contexts for Its Emergence, and Its Introduction into the Japanese School System
by Yuri Ishii. 234 pgs.

Book

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Development Education in Japan provides a unique analysis of curricular change and micro-politics in Japanese schools that reveals why Japan is a decade behind in reacting to trends within social, political and economic contexts. Situated in the fields of comparative and international education and utilizing extensive interviews with secondary school teachers, Ishii provides an insightful explanation for the slow introduction of development education into the Japanese school system and suggests potential social, political and economic situations in which such introduction might occur.

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Title Page

Contents

Series Preface

Acknowledgements

Introduction

List of Acronyms

Part One

1: Development Education: the Term and the Concept

2: Socioeconomic and Political Contexts for the Emergence of Development Education

3: Socioeconomic and Political Contexts in Japan

4: The Introduction of Development Education into Educational Systems

Part Two

5: The Introduction of Development Education into the Japanese National Curriculum: Theoretical Considerations

6: Introduction of Life Environment Studies and the Period of Integrated Study into the School Curriculum

7: Case Studies: Development Education in Schools

8: Analysis of the Cases

9: Conclusion

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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