Alice Childress

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Alice Childress

1.

Wines in the Wilderness: Plays by African American Women From the Harlem Renaissance to the Present ("Florence" by Alice Childress begins on p. 110, and "Wine in the Wilderness" by Alice Childress begins on p. 122)
by Elizabeth Brown-Guillory. 251 pgs.

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"For those whose familiarity with black women playwrights is limited to the works of Lorraine Hansberry and Ntozake Shange, this collection of 15 plays written between 1925 and 1985 by eight authors will be a revelation. They express a passionate longing for social justice and for a stable, nurturing relationship between black men and women. Introductions for each author provide biographical information and critical analyses. A useful bibliography of plays and secondary sources is also included. This anthology helps to fill a serious gap in the standard histories of American drama." Library Journal

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgments

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PREFACE

MARITA BONNER (1899-1971)

GEORGIA, DOUGLAS JOHNSON (1880-1966)

EUILALIE SPENCE (1894-1981)

May Miller (1899- )

SHIRLEY GRAHAM (1896-1977)

ALICE CHILDRESS (1920-)

SONIA SANCHEZ (1934 -- )

SYBIL KEIN (1939- )

ELIZABETH BROWN- GUILLORY (1954-)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

About the Author
2.

Black American Women Poets and Dramatists (Discussion of Alice Childress begins on p. 32)
by Harold Bloom. 247 pgs.

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Black American Women Poets and Dramatists

Contents

User's Guide

The Life of the Author

Introduction

Maya Angelou B. 1928

Gwendolyn Brooks B. 1917

Alice Childress 1920-1994

Lucille Clifton B. 1936

Rita Dove B. 1952

Nikki Giovanni B. 1943

Lorraine Hansberry 1930-1965

Frances E. W. Harper C. 1825-1911

Georgia Douglas Johnson 1886-1966

June Jordan B. 1936

Audre Lorde 1934-1992

Thylias Moss B. 1954

Carolyn M. Rodgers B. 1945

Sonia Sanchez B. 1934

Ntozake Shange B. 1948

Margaret Walker B. 1915

Phillis Wheatley C. 1753-1784
3.

Their Place on the Stage: Black Women Playwrights in America (Chap. 2 "Alice Childress, Lorraine Hansberry, Ntozake Shange: Carving a Place for Themselves on the American Stage")
by Elizabeth Brown-Guillory. 168 pgs.

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"This is the first book-length study of black American women playwrights. It will be useful to scholars in the fields of black and women's literature and an excellent source of background reading in graduate and undergraduate courses on American women playwrights. The author's training as both a scholar and a playwright is evident in this book." Choice

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgments

Contents

Acknowledgments

Foreword

1: Black Theater Tradition and Women Playwrights of the Harlem Renaissance

2: Alice Childress, Lorraine Hansberry, Ntozake Shange: Carving a Place for Themselves on the American Stage

NOTES

3: Tonal Form: Symbols as Shapers of Theater of Struggle""

NOTES

4: Structural Form: African American Initiation and Survival Rituals

NOTES

5: Mirroring the Dark and Beautiful Warriors: Images of Blacks

NOTES

6: The African Continuum: The Progeny in the New World

NOTES

Afterword

NOTE

Selected Bibliography

Index

About the Author
4.

Telling the Truth: Alice Childress as Theorist and Playwright, in The Journal of African American History
by Olga Dugan. 14 pgs.

Journal Article
5.

Broken Silences: Interviews With Black and White Women Writers (Interview with Alice Childress begins on p. 28)
by Shirley M. Jordan. 328 pgs.

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By selecting articulate, amusing, impassioned, and introspective authors who have portrayed characters across race lines, Jordan focuses on commonalities, as well as important differences, in this creative process. A rare opportunity to read the private thoughts about race and creativity of Joyce Carol Oates, Belva Plain, Grace Paley, Sherley Anne Williams, and others. Illustrated.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Tina Mcelroy Ansa

Alice Childress

Lucille Clifton

Ellen Douglas

Kaye Gibbons

Marita Golden

Shirley Ann Grau

Josephine Humphreys

Jill Mccorkle

Joyce Carol Oates

Grace Paley

Elaine Perry

Belva Plain

Eugenia Price

Dori Sanders

Ouida Sebestyen

Cynthia Voigt

Mildred Pitts Walter

Sherley Anne Williams

Rita Williams- Garcia
6.

Staging Difference: Cultural Pluralism in American Theatre and Drama ("Re-Reading Alice Childress" begins on p. 323)
by Marc Maufort. 398 pgs.

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Acknowledgments

Table of Contents

Staging Difference:: A Challenge to the American Melting Pot

Works Cited

Cultural Pluralism and Performance

Simplifying the Native American:: Wild West Shows Exhibit the "Indian"

Works Cited

The Semiotics of Difference:: Representations of Ethnicity and Nativism in Early Twentieth Century American Theatre

Works Cited

Who Do You See When You Look at Me?: Black Core Values and African American Identity in Performance

Works Cited

Intercultural Directing:: Revitalizing Force or Spritual Rape?

Works Cited

The "Oriental" Musicals of Rodgers and Hammerstein and the U.S. War in Southeast Asia

Works Cited

Marginal Experience/Mainstream Vision in the Theatrical Career of Zelda [Paldi] Sears

Works Cited

Confronting Shakespeare's "Political Incorrectness" in Production:: Contemporary American Audiences and the New "Problem Plays"

Works Cited

The Canon of American Drama and Cultural Difference

Eugene O'Neill's First Transcultural Epic:: "Universal History" in The Fountain

Works Cited

The Pathology of Resistance to Cultural Assimilation in Eugene O'Neill's Late Plays

Works Cited

Both His Sons:: Arthur Miller's The Price and Jewish Assimilation

Works Cited

Fluidity and Differentiation in Three Plays by Tennessee Williams:: The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Works Cited

Sam Shepard's Inter/National Stage

Works Cited

The Devil's Advocate:: David Mamet's Oleanna and Political Correctness

Works Cited

The Emergence of a New Multicultural Drama

Asian American Visibility:: Touring Fierce Racial Geographies

Works Cited

New Theatrical Statements:: Asian-Western Mergers in the Early Plays of David Henry Hwang

Works Cited

Looking for a Third Space:: El Pachuco and Chicano Nationalism in Luis Valdez's Zoot Suit

Works Cited

The Internal Third World Voice and Postcolonial Literature:: Rent Marques's The Oxcart

Works Cited

The Struggle to Affirm:: The Image of Jewish-Americans on Stage

Works Cited

"Alive Still, In You":: Memory and Silence in A Shayna Maidel

Works Cited

Breaking Barriers: August Wilson

Works Cited

Of Angels and Transcendence:: An Analysis of Fences by August Wilson and Roosters by Milcha Sanchez-Scott

Works Cited

Adrienne Kennedy's Heterotopias and the (Im) possibilities of the (Black) Female Self

Works Cited

Re-Reading Alice Childress

Works Cited

Sophie Treadwell and the Frontier Myth:: Western Motifs in Machinal and Hope for a Harvest

Works Cited

The Search for Self:: Attachment, Loss, and Recovery in The Heidi Chronicles

Works Cited

Appendices

Across the Boundaries of Cultural Identity:: An Interview with David Henry Hwang

Cultural Pluralism in American Theatre and Drama: A Selected Bibliography

Index

Notes on Contributors
7.

Women in Literature: Reading through the Lens of Gender ("The Invisible Black Female Artist in Alice Childress' Florence (1950)" begins on p. 108)
by Jerilyn Fisher, Ellen S. Silber. 358 pgs.

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This unique reference offers alternate approaches to reading traditional literature, as well as suggestions for expanding the canon to include more gender sensitive works. Covering 96 of the most frequently taught works of fiction, essays offer teachers, librarians, and students fresh insights into the female perspective in literature.

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Contents

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

Women’s Roles and Influence in Mark Twain’s the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885)

The War against the Feminine: Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front (1929)

Doctor She! Helena and Sisterhood in William Shakespeare’s All’s Well That Ends Well (ca. 1602–1603)

For Further Reading

Mother, Wife, Fallen Woman: Marital Choice in Leo Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina (1877)

Young Lady or slut: Identity and Voice in Jamaica Kincaid’s Annie John (1983)

Righteous Activist or Confrontational Madwoman: Sophocles’ Antigone (441 B.C.E.)

Work Cited

Female Resistance to Gender Conformity in Kate Chopin’s the Awakening (1899)

For Further Reading

Mothers and Children in Barbara Kingsolver’s the Bean Trees (1988)

William Faulkner’s Male Myth: the Bear (1942)

More Than Skin Deep: Robin Mckinley’s Beauty: a Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast (1978)

Sylvia Plath’s the Bell Jar: Trapped by the Feminine Mystique (1963)

Toni Morrison’s Beloved (1987): Maternal Possibilities, Sisterly Bonding

Richard Wright’s Black Boy (1945, 1991) and Black Women

Works Cited

Culture, Tradition, Family: Gender Roles in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless Me, Ultima (1972)

Girls into Women: Culture, Nature, and Self-Loathing in Toni Morrison’s the Bluest Eye (1970)

Founding Women’s History: Christine de Pizan Writes the Book of the City of Ladies (1405)

Works Cited

A Dystopic Vision of Gender in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932)

An Immigrant Girl’s Quest for the American Dream in Anzia Yezierska’s Bread Givers (1925)

For Further Reading

As My Mother’s Daughter: Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat (1994)

Non-Conformists and Traditionalists: Buchi Emecheta’s the Bride Price (1976)

The Symbolic Annihilation of Women in Jack London’s the Call of the Wild (1904)

Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales: Gender in the Middle Ages (ca. 1388–1400)

Sex, Violence, and Peter Pan: J.D.Salinger’s the Catcher in the Eye (1951)

Paths to Liberation in Alice Walker’s the Color Purple (1982)

The Women in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment (1866)

Witch-Hunting, Thwarted Desire, and Girl Power: Arthur Miller’s the Crucible (1953)

A Nice Girl Ought to Know! Henry James’ Daisy Miller (1878)

Redefining Female Absence in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman (1949)

Black and White Womanhood in Sherley Anne Williams’ Dessa Rose: Mammies, Ladies, Rebels (1986)

Work Cited

Anne Frank’s the Diary of a Young Girl: Writing a Self—the Female Adolescent Voice (1952)

For Further Reading

The Slammed Door That Still Reverberates: Henrik Ibsen’s a Doll’s House (1879)

Frozen Lives: Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome (1911)

Catherine Barkley: Ernest Hemingway’s a Farewell to Arms (1929)

The Invisible Black Female Artist in Alice Childress’ Florence (1950)

For Further Reading

Daring Creation: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818, Revised 1831)

Shattered Rainbows in Translucent Glass: Tennessee Williams’ the Glass Menagerie (1945)

What It Means to Be a Lady: Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind (1936)

Works Cited

Patriarchy and Property: Women in Pearl S.Buck’s the Good Earth (1931)

No Expectations at All: Women in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations (1861)

Works Cited

Beautiful Fools and Hulking Brutes: F.Scott Fitzgerald’s the Great Gatsby (1925)

Reading between the Lines: Connecting with Gertrude and Ophelia in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet (ca. 1600)

Freedom Reconsidered: Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale (1985)

Work Cited

When Women Shape the World: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Herland (1915)

Works Cited

Girls and Women in Sandra Cisneros’ the House on Mango Street (1984)

Living in a Borderland: Cultural Expectations of Gender in Julia Alvarez’ How the García Girls Lost Their Accents (1991)

A Song of Freedom: Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969)

Good Mother, Bad Mother in Joanne Greenberg’s I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (1964)

Bobbie Ann Mason’s in Country (1985): a Girl’s Quest for Her Father and Herself

The Invisible Women in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952)

Works Cited

Be True to Yourself: Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847)

Thinking Different in Amy Tan’s the Joy Luck Club (1989)

Gender Bending: Ursula le Guin’s the Left Hand of Darkness (1969)

What a Teacher Learns: Ernest J.Games’ a Lesson before Dying (1993)

Works Cited

The Foreignness of Femininity in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim (1900)

Boys’ Club—no Girls Allowed: Absence as Presence in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954)

Unnatural: Women in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (ca. 1606)

Emma Rouault Bovary: Gendered Reflections in Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert (1857)

(Re)surfacing Main Street (1920) by Sinclair Lewis

Critiquing “the We of Me”: Gender Roles in Carson Mccullers’ the Member of the Wedding (1946)

Works Cited

Beauty and Gender in Alix Kates Shulman’s Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen (1972)

Where No Role Fits: Maggie’s Predicament in George Eliot’s the Mill on the Floss (1860)

For Further Reading

Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick: Epic Tale of Male Destruction (1851)

For Further Reading

Images of Possibility: Gender Identity in Willa Cather’s My Àntonia (1918)

Work Cited

The Good Woman: Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve (1954)

Boyhood Unraveled: Elie Wiesel’s Night (1960)

Sexuality as Rebellion in George Orwell’s 1984 (1949)

Homer’s Odyssey: “the Iliad’s Wife” (ca. 700 B.C.E.)

Jocasta and Her Daughters: Women in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex (ca. 430 B.C.E.)

Women Stripped of Humanity: John Steinbeck’s of Mice and Men (1937)

Role Traps in Ken Kesey’s One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest (1962)

Under the Burden of Yellow Peril: Race, Class, and Gender in Yoshiko Uchida’s Picture Bride (1987)

For Further Reading

Woman and Art in James Joyce’s a Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)

Truths Universally Acknowledged: Stereotypes of Women in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice (1813)

Undue Influence in Muriel Spark’s the Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961)

Exploring the Gender Puzzle of George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion (1912)

Work Cited

Seasoned with Quiet Strength: Black Womanhood in Lorraine Hansberry’s a Raisin in the Sun (1959)

Heroism against the Odds: William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet (ca. 1599)

Molly Bolts and Lifelines: Rita Mae Brown’s Ruby Fruit Jungle (1973)

A as Hester’s Autonomy in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s the Scarlet Letter (1850)

Female Freedom in Other Places and Inner Spaces: Suzanne Fisher Staples’ Shabanu: Daughter of the Wind (1989)

For Further Reading

Gender in Silas Marner by George Eliot (1861)

Empowerment through Writing in Mariama Bâ’s So Long a Letter (1979)

Wearing “her Favour in the Battle”: the “go-Between” in D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers (1913)

Riding Tennessee Williams’ a Streetcar Named Desire (1947)

Agent or Victim: Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles (1891)

An African-American Woman’s Journey of Self-Discovery in Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)

Fragmenting Culture, Fragmenting Lives: Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1959)

Just a Lady: Gender and Power in Harper Lee’s to Kill a Mockingbird (1960)

Women Righting Wrongs: Morality and Justice in Susan Glaspell’s Trifles (1916)

For Further Reading

For Such as We Are Made Of, Such We Be: the Construction of Gender in William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, or What You Will (first Performed 1602)

Work Cited

The Power of Mothers in Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

A Chinese-American Woman Warrior Comes of Age: Maxine Hong Kingston’s the Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts (1976)

The Will to Survive in Gloria Naylor’s the Women of Brewster Place (1982)

Procrustean Bed: Gender Roles in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847)

Negotiating Tight Spaces: Women in Michael Dorris’ a Yellow Raft in Blue Water (1988)

Index of Literary Works by Author

Subject Index

About the Editors and Contributors
8.

Freedomways Reader: Prophets in Their Own Country ("The Negro Woman in American Literature, No. 1, 1966: Alice Childress, Paule Marshall, and Sarah E. Wright" begins on p. 291)
by Esther Cooper Jackson, Constance Pohl. 382 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Photos

Foreword

Introduction

Part One: Origins of Freedomways

1: Behold the Land, No. 1, 1964

2: The Battleground Is Here, No. 1, 1971

3: Southern Youth's Proud Heritage, No. 1, 1964

4: Memoirs of A Birmingham Coal Miner, No. 1, 1964

5: "Not New Ground, But Rights Once Dearly Won," No. 1, 1962

6: Honoring Dr. Du Bois, No. 2, 1968

7: Ode to Paul Robeson, No. 1, 1976

Part Two: Reports from the Front Lines: Segregation in the South

8: The United States and The Negro, No. 1, 1961

9: A Freedom Rider Speaks His Mind, No. 2, 1961

10: What Price Prejudice? On the Economics of Discrimination, No. 3, 1962

11: The Southern Youth Movement, No. 3, 1962

12: Nonviolence: An Interpretation, No. 1, 1963

13: Lorraine Hansberry at The Summit, No. 4, 1979

14: "We'Re Moving!" No. 1, 1971

15: Birmingham Shall Be Free Some Day, No. 1, 1964

16: Tremor in the Iceberg: The Mississippi Summer Project, No. 2, 1965

17: The Freedom Schools: Concept and Organization, No. 2, 1965

18: Life in Mississippi: An Interview with Fannie Lou Hamer, No. 2, 1965

19: The Politics of Necessity and Survival in Mississippi, No. 2, 1966

Part Three: International Solidarity

20: The American Negro and The Darker World, No. 3, 1968

21: Address to the United Nations, No. 1, 1961

22: What Happened in Ghana? The Inside Story, No. 3, 1966

23: Kwame Nkrumah: African Liberator, No. 3, 1972

24: Socialism Is Not Racialism, No. 2, 1970

25: Selected Speeches and Writings on Peace, No. 1, 1971

26: The Giant Stirs, No. 1, 1966

27: The Freedom Movement and the War in VIetnam, No. 4, 1965

28: A Time to Break Silence, No. 2, 1967

29: Muhammad Ali: The Measure of A Man, No. 2, 1967

30: The Gi Movement Vs. The War: A Symposium, No. 4, 1970

31: Three African Freedom Movements, No. 1, 1962

32: The African - American Manifesto on Southern Africa, No. 4, 1976

33: South Africa and the Usa, No. 4, 1976

34: Northern Ireland Through Black Eyes, No. 1, 1982

Part Four: Moving North

35: Anti-Semitism and Black Power, No. 1, 1967

36: Address to Labor: Who Built this Land? No. 1, 1971

37: Three Challenges to Organized Labor, No. 4, 1972

39: School Desegregation: Seeking New VIctories Among the Ashes, No. 1, 1977

40: The Bakke Case and Affirmative Action: Some Implications for the Future, No. 1, 1978

41: Negro Women in Freedom'S Battles, No. 4, 1967

42: Racism and Contemporary Literature on Rape, No. 1, 1976

References

43: Biology and Gender: False Theories about Women and Blacks, No. 1, 1977

44: Bangs and Whimpers: Black Youth and the Courts, No. 3, 1975

45: Pages from the Life of a Black Prisoner, No. 4, 1971

46: The Death Penalty: Continuing Threat to America's Poor, No. 1, 1971

Part Five: Pioneers of Black Studies

47: Conference of Encyclopedia Africana, No. 4, 1963

48: Negroes in the American Revolution, No. 2, 1961

49: Black/Indian Origins Of The Fight for Democracy, No. 2, 1984

50: A Review of the Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, No. 1, 1969

Part Six: Culture and the Cause of Black Freedom

51: The Negro Woman in American Literature, No. 1, 1966

52: Paul Robeson, No. 1, 1971

53: Prologue, No. 1, 1972

54: Rites of Passage, No. 3, 1970

55: The Lion in Daniel's Den, No. 1, 1971

56: For Beautiful Mary Brown: Chicago Rent Strike Leader, No. 2, 1971

57: Rock Eagle, No.4, 1971

58: Facing the Way, No. 4, 1975

59: The Abduction of Saints, No. 4, 1975

60: My Early Days in Harlem, No. 3, 1963

61: Langston Hughes: He Spoke Of Rivers, No. 2, 1968

62: An Old Woman Remembers, No. 3, 1963

63: A Letter from Brooklyn, No. 3, 1964

64: Poems of Agostinho Neto, No. 1, 1976

65: Eventide, Kumasi, No. 2, 1970

66: We Are of the Same Sidewalks, No. 3, 1980

67: Lorraine Hansberry: On Time! No. 4, 1979

68: The Once and Future VIsion of Lorraine Hansberry, No. 4, 1979

69: At the Emmy Time! No. 1, 1980

70: The Welcome Table: A Short Story, No. 3, 1970

71: The First Day (A Fable After Brown): A Short Story, No. 4, 1974

72: A Review of God's Bits of Wood by Ousmane Sembene, No. 2, 1978

73: Jazz No. 2, 1962

74: Black Women Singers-Artists, No. 1, 1966

75: Will Jazz Survive? Thoughts on the State of the Great American Art, No. 4, 1983

76: Martin Luther King: A Personal Tribute, No. 1, 1972

Afterword
9.

Early Black Women Playwrights and the Dual Liberation Motif, in African American Review
by Will Harris. 17 pgs.

Journal Article

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