Phillis Wheatley

Wheatley, Phillis - 1753?–1784, American poet, considered the first important black writer in the United States. Brought from Africa in 1761, she became a house slave for the Boston merchant John Wheatley and his wife Susanna, who, recognizing her intelligence and wit, educated her and encouraged her talent. Her work, which was derivative, was published in the collection Poems on Various Read More...

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Phillis Wheatley

1 .

The Poems of Phillis Wheatley
by Phillis Wheatley, Julian D. Mason Jr. 238 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Introduction

On the Reputation of Phillis Wheatley, Poet

A Note on the Text

Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

Preface

Other Poems and Variants of Poems

Letters and Proposals

A Selected List of Works for Further Reference (From Works Referred To, and from Other Works)

Index
2 .

From "Uncultivated Barbarian" to "Poetical Genius": The Public Presence of Phillis Wheatley, in MELUS
by Walt Nott. 12 pgs.

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3 .

Loose Ends: Closure and Crisis in the American Social Text (includes "The Whiteness of the Wheatleys: Phillis Wheatley's Revolutionary Poetics")
by Russell J. Reising. 375 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

1: Seek and Ye Shall Find"; or, Il N'Y a Pas De Dedans Du Texte: Wieland, Reference, History, Anti-Closure"

2: The Whiteness of the Wheatley's: Phillis Wheatley's Revolutionary Poetics

3: Fading out of Print: Herman Melville's Israel Potter and the Economy of Literary History

4: Emily Dickinson's Lost Dog

5: The Jolly Corner": Henry James at the Crossroads"

6: The Easiest Room in Hell": The Political Work of Disney's Dumbo"

Coda

Notes

Works Cited

Index
4 .

By Herself: Women Reclaim Poetry (includes "The Difficult Miracle of Black Poetry in America or Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Wheatley")
by Molly McQuade. 430 pgs.

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Have women finally moved beyond the status of cultural outsiders to become full participants in American poetry and its criticism? In By Herself: Women Reclaim Poetry, contemporary women poets reconsider their art form on their own terms, and the results are both telling and fascinating. This lively and richly varied collection offers more than two dozen essays that are uniformly original, challenging, playful, and ruthlessly individualistic.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

"It's a Woman's Prerogative to Change Her Mind"

I. Writing Their Lives

Vesuvius at Home: the Power of Emily Dickinson

Note

Being a Dragon: On Marianne Moore

My Plath Problem

Edwin Muir and the Primal World

Ii. a Poet's Tools: "The Incredible Difficulty of Saying Something True"

A Meditation on Metaphor

Some Notes on Silence

A Cadenced Privacy (some Thoughts on Punctuation in Contemporary Poems)

Use This Word in a Sentence: Experimental

Myself a Kangaroo Among the Beauties

A Genuine Article

Iii. Critical Panoramas

Confessions of a Postmodern Poetess

Notes

Playing the Changes

La Faustienne

Xio's Soakbook: Criticism Takes a Bath

Poetry, Mattering?

Iv. Reading Her Mind: Creeds and Memoirs

Letter to a Young Woman Poet

Sharon Olds a Student's Memoir of Muriel Rukeyser

Poetry is Not a Luxury

Meditations on "Mecca": Gwendolyn Brooks and the Responsibilities of the Black Poet

69 Hidebound Opinions, Propositions, and Several Asides from a Manila Folder Concerning the Stuff of Poetry

Short Survey of Scruples

On Being Unable to Read

Notes on Contributors

About the Editor
5 .

Black American Poets and Dramatists: Before the Harlem Renaissance (includes a chapter on Phillis Wheatley)
by Harold Bloom. 145 pgs.

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Black American Poets and Dramatists: Before the Harlem Renaissance

Contents

User's Guide

The Life of the Author

Introduction

William Stanley Braithwaite 1878-1962

William Wells Brown

Joseph Seamon Cotter, Sr.

Paul Laurence Dunbar

Jupiter Hammon

Frances E. W. Harper

George Moses Horton

James Weldon Johnson

Oscar Micheaux

Phillis Wheatley

Albery Allson Whitman
6 .

Spiritual Interrogations: Culture, Gender, and Community in Early African American Women's Writing (Chap. Two "Disapora Subjectivity and Transatlantic Crossings: Phillis Wheatley's Poetics of Recovery" and Chap. Three "'The Too Advent'rous Strain': Slavery, Conversion, and Poetic Empowerment in Phillis Wheatley's Elegies")
by Katherine Clay Bassard. 183 pgs.

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The late eighteenth century witnessed an influx of black women to the slave-trading ports of the American Northeast. The formation of an early African American community, bound together by shared experiences and spiritual values, owed much to these women's voices. The significance of their writings would be profound for all African Americans' sense of their own identity as a people.
Katherine Clay Bassard's book is the first detailed account of pre-Emancipation writings from the period of 1760 to 1863, in light of a developing African American religious culture and emerging free black communities. Her study--which examines the relationship among race, culture, and community--focuses on four women: the poet Phillis Wheatley and poet and essayist Ann Plato, both Congregationalists; and the itinerant preacher Jarena Lee, and Shaker eldress Rebecca Cox Jackson, who, with Lee, had connections with African Methodism.
Together, these women drew on what Bassard calls a "spirituals matrix, " which transformed existing literary genres to accommodate the spiritual music and sacred rituals tied to the African diaspora. Bassard's important ill

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Spiritual Interrogations

Introduction

Chapter One: The Daughters' Arrival: Histories, Theories, Vernaculars

Chapter Two: Diaspora Subjectivity and Transatlantic Crossings: Phillis Wheatley's Poetics of Recovery

Chapter Three: The Too Advent'rous Strain: Slavery, Conversion, and Poetic Empowerment in Phillis Wheatley's Elegies

Chapter Four: Social Piety in Ann Plato's Essays

Chapter Five: I Took a Text: Itinerancy, Community, and Intertextuality in Jarena Lee's Spiritual Narratives

Chapter Six: Rituals of Desire: Spirit, Culture, and Sexuality in the Writings of Rebecca Cox Jackson

Chapter Seven: Performing Community: Culture, Community, and African American Subjectivity Before Emancipation

Afterword: The Sacred Subject

Notes

Selected Bibliography

Index
7 .

Phillis Wheatley's Construction of Otherness and the Rhetoric of Performed Ideology, in African American Review
by Mary McAleer Balkun. 15 pgs.

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8 .

Unprecedented Liberties: Re-Reading Phillis Wheatley, in MELUS
by Hilene Flanzbaum. 11 pgs.

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9 .

The Negro Genius: A New Appraisal of the Achievement of the American Negro in Literature and the Fine Arts (includes "The Pioneers: Jupiter Hammon, Phillis Wheatley, Gustavus Vassa")
by Benjamin Brawley. 370 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

Illustrations

Introduction: the Negro Genius

I: The Pioneers Jupiter Hammon -- Phillis Wheatley -- Gustavus Vassa

II: The Era of Effort for Freedom David Walker -- James Mc Cune Smith -- Henry Highland Garnet -- Frederick Douglass -- William Wells Brown

III: Poetry and the Arts, 1830-1865 George Moses Horton -- Daniel A. Payne -- James Whitfield -- George B. Vashon -- James Madison Bell -- Early Artists -- the Stage: Ira B. Al Dridge -- Music: Justin Holland, Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield, Thomas J. Bowers

IV: Literature, 1865-1890 Alexander Crummell -- George W. Williams -- Albery A. Whitman -- Frances E. W. Harper

V: Music and Art, 1865-1895 "Centennial Artists" -- Fisk Jubilee Singers -- "Blind Tom" -- the Hyers Sisters -- Marie Selika -- Flora Batson Bergen -- Sissieretta Jones

VI: The Maturing of Negro LIterature Charles W. Chesnutt -- Paul Laurence Dunbar -- Booker T. Washington -- Archibald H. GrimkÉ

VII: Music and Art, 1895-1920 Harry T. Burleigh -- Musical Comedy: Will Marion Cook and J. Rosamond Johnson -- Painting: Henry O. Tanner and William Edouard Scott -- Sculpture: Meta Warrick Fuller

VIII: Protest and VIndication W. E. Burghardt Dubois -- William Stanley Braithwaite -- James Weldon Johnson -- Leslie Pinckney Hill -- Alice Dunbar Nelson -- Georgia Douglas Johnson -- Walter White -- Jessie Fauset -- Countee Cullen -- Alain Locke

IX: The New Realists the Forerunners -- Claude Mckay -- Langston Hughes -- Eric Walrond -- Rudolph Fisher -- Sterling Brown -- Zora Neale Hurston -- Arna Bontemps

X: Drama and Stage, 1916-1936 Effort in the Drama: Willis Richardson and Randolph Edmonds -- Charles Gilpin -- Richard B. Harrison -- Rose Mcclendon -- Paul Robeson

XI: Music in Recent Years H. Lawrence Freeman -- Clarence Cameron White -- Nathaniel Dett -- William Grant Still -- William L. Dawson -- Roland Hayes -- Julius Bledsoe -- Marian Anderson

XII: The New Temper in Painting and Sculpture Archibald J. Motley, Jr. -- Aaron Douglas -- Richmond BarthÉ

Bibliography

Index
10 .

To Make a Poet Black (includes "The Forerunners: Jupiter Hammon, Phillis Wheatley, George Moses Horton")
by J. Saunders Redding. 146 pgs.

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Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

1. The Forerunners

2. Let Freedom Ring

3. Adjustment

4. Emergence of the New Negro

Notes

Bibliography

Index
11 .

Written by Herself: Literary Production by African American Women, 1746-1892 (includes "'Sometimes by Smile, a Victory's Won': Lucy Terry Prince and Phillis Wheatley")
by Frances Smith Foster. 194 pgs.

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This is the first comprehensive cultural of history of literature by African American women prior to the Twentieth century. Beginning with the earliest extant writings, Frances Smith Foster her textual analysis within the writers' social and literary contexts.

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Written by Herself: Literary Production by African American Women, 1746-1892

Contents

Acknowledgments

One Testing and Testifying: The Word, the Other, and African American Women Writers

Two "Sometimes by Simile, a Victory's Won": Lucy Terry Prince and Phillis Wheatley

Three Equal Men but True Women: The Post-Revolution Literature

Four "Great Liberty in the Gospel": Jarena Lee's Religious Experiences, Life, and Journal

Five Gendered Writing for Promiscuous Audiences: African American Women's Literature in the Antebellum Period

Six Writing Across the Color Line: Harriet Jacobs and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl

Seven Romance and Scandal in a Postbellum Slave Narrative: Elizabeth Keckley's Behind the Scenes

Eight Doers of the Word: The Reconstruction Poetry of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper

Nine Confrontation and Community in Octavia Victoria Rogers Albert's the House of Bondage

Ten "A Woman Question and a Race Problem": The Black Woman's Era

Notes

Index
12 .

A Classic Case, in Early American Literature
by Marsha Watson. 30 pgs.

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13 .

Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (includes a section on Phillis Wheatley)
by Hallie Q. Brown. 248 pgs.

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Hallie Q. Brown--teacher, international lecturer, social activist, and herself a "woman of distinction"--recreates, along with twenty-eight contributors , the lives of sixty remarkable Afro-American women, all born in the United States and Canada between the mid 1740s and the end of the nineteenth century. First published in 1926, Homespun Heroines tells the tales of slaves and social workers, artists and activists, cake makers and homemakers. In so doing, it offers unusual insight into female networks, patterns of voluntary association, work, religion, family life, and black women's culture of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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The Schomburg Library of Nineteenth-Century Black Women Writers

Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction

Publisher's Note

Foreword in Her Own Write

A Note from the Schomburg Center

Introduction

Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction

Foreword

Introduction

Ode to Woman

Martha Payne

Catherine Ferguson 1749 (?)—1854 Founder of the First Sunday School Movement in New York City

Sara Allen 1764—1849

Isabella—sojourner Truth 1777 (?)—1883

Elizabeth N. Smith

Sarah Harris Fayerweather: Born, Canterbury, Conn., 1802 Died, Kingston, R. I., 1868

Dinah Cox 1804-1909

Sarah Elizabeth Tanner 1804—1914

Charlotta Gordon Machenry Pyles 1806-1880

Mrs. Jane Roberts 1809—(?)

Aunt Mac a Life in Three Chapters

Harriet Tubman Harriet—the Moses 1821—march 10, 1913

Grandmother Gross 1817—(?)

Frances Jane Brown: April 15, 1819—april 16, 1914

Eliza Anna Scroggins 1820-1912

Lucretia Harper Simpson 1820-(?)

Sarah Gould Lee 1821-1905

Mrs. Catherine A. Delany 1822-1894

Mrs. Mary Ann Shadd Cary 1823-1893 the Foremost Colored Canadian Pioneer in 1850

Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 1825-1900

Caroline Sherman Andrews-Hill 1829-1914

Mary Catherine Windsor 1830-1914

Sarah J. S. (tompkins) Garnet: Born 1831, in Brooklyn, N. Y. Died October, 1911 in Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mrs. S. J. S. Garnett an Appreciation

Eliza Ann Gardner 1831-1922

Fannie Jackson Coppin 1835-1912 Teacher and Moulder of Character

Anne E. Baltimore: August 6, 1836—januuary 11, 1922

Amanda Smith 1837-1915

Susan Paul Vashon: September 19, 1838—november 27, 1912

Georgiana Frances Putnam: Born 1839, Salem, Massachusetts Died 1914, Worcester, Massachusetts

Anna Elizabeth Hudlun 1840-1914

Miss Mary J. Patterson 1840-1894

Madam Elizabeth Keckley 1840-1900

Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin 1842-1924

Mrs. Margaret E. Reid 1846-1923

Matilda J. Dunbar 1848—?

Dr. Susan S. (mckinney) Steward: Born, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1848 Died, Wilberforce, Ohio, 1918

Know Ye Not That a Great Woman Hath Fallen This Day in Israel?

Henrietta Cordelia Ray: Born in New York City—1849 Died in Brooklyn—1916

Mrs. Lucy Smith Thurman 1849-1918

Josephine Silone Yates 1862-1912

Maria Louise Baldwin 1856-1922

Mary Ella Mossell 1853-1886

Agnes Jones Adams 1858-1923

Susie I. Lankford Shorter: January 4, 1859—february 27, 1912

Victoria Earle Matthews 1861-1898

Mary Burnett Talbert 1862-1923

Madam C. J. Walker 1868-1925

Susan Elizabeth Frazier 1864-1924

Margaret Murray Washington 1865-1925

Madam Emma Azalia Hackley 1867-1922

Mrs. Laura A. Brown 1874-1924

California Colored Women Trail Blazers

Contents
14 .

The Black Presence in the Era of the American Revolution (includes a section on Phillis Wheatley)
by Sidney Kaplan. 305 pgs.

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Foreword

I: Homage to Liberty

II: Preludes to the Declaration

III: Bearers of Arms: Patriot and Tory

IV: The Black Clergy

V: The Emergence of Gifts and Powers

VI: Against the Odds

VII: The Incomplete Revolution

Sources

Index
15 .

African American Authors, 1745-1945: Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook
by Emmanuel S. Nelson. 528 pgs.

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There has been a dramatic resurgence of interest in early African American writing. The works of dozens of 18th and early 20th century black writers have been recovered and reprinted; there has been a significant revival of interest in the Harlem Renaissance; and several major assessments of 18th and 19th century African American literature have recently been published. This reference book provides alphabetically arranged entries for 78 African American writers active between 1745 and 1945. Each entry is written by an expert contributor and includes a biography, a discussion of major works and themes, a summary of the critical response to the author, and primary and secondary bibliographies. A selected, general bibliography concludes the volume.

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Preface

Elizabeth Laura Adams (1909-?)

Bibliography

Octavia Victoria Rogers Albert (1853-1890 ?)

Bibliography

James Madison Bell (1826-1902)

Bibliography

Gwendolyn Bennett (1902-1981)

Henry Walton Bibb (1815-1854)

Marita Bonner (1898-1971)

Bibliography

Arna Bontemps (1902-1973)

Bibliography

William Stanley Braithwaite (1878-1962)

Bibliography

Claude Brown (1937- )

Bibliography

Sterling A. Brown (1901-1989)

Bibliography

William Wells Brown (1814-1884)

Bibliography

Charles Waddell Chesnutt (1858-1932)

Bibliography

Anna Julia Cooper (1858?-1964)

Bibliography

Countee Cullen (1903-1946)

Bibliography

Lucy A. Delaney (c. 1828-19??)

Bibliography

Martin Robinson Delany (1812-1885)

Bibliography

Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)

Bibliography

W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)

Bibliography

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906)

Bibliography

Alice Moore Dunbar- Nelson (1875-1935)

Bibliography

Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797)

Bibliography

Jessie Redmon Fauset (1882-1961)

Bibliography

Rudolph Fisher (1897-1934)

Bibliography

Sarah Lee Brown Fleming (1876-1963)

Bibliography

Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. (1887-1940)

Edythe Mae Gordon (c. 1898-?)

Sutton E. Griggs (1872-1933)

Bibliography

Angelina Weld Grimké (1880-1958)

Bibliography

Charlotte Lottie Forten Grimé (1837-1914)

Bibliography

Briton Hammon (Late 1720s-?)

Bibliography

Jupitor Hammon (1711-1806?)

Bibliography

Frances Ellen Watkins Harper (1825-1911)

Bibliography

Juanita Harrison (1891-?)

Bibliography

George Wylie Henderson (1904-1965)

Bibliography

Pauline Elizabeth Hopkins (1859-1930)

Bibliography

George Moses Horton (1797-1883?)

James H. W. Howard (1856-?)

Bibliography

Langston Hughes (1902-1967)

Bibliography

Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960)

Bibliography

Rebecca Cox Jackson (1795-1871)

Bibliography

Harriet Ann Jacobs (c. 1813-1897)

Bibliography

Amelia E. Johnson (1858-1922)

Bibliography

Georgia Douglas Johnson (18807-1966)

Bibliography

Helene Johnson (1906-1995)

Bibliography

James Weldon Johnson (1871-1938)

Bibliography

Elizabeth Keckley (1818/1819-1907)

Bibliography

Emma Dunham Kelley-Hawkins (?-?)

Bibliography

Nella Larsen (1891-1964)

Bibliography

Jarena Lee (1783-?)

Bibliography

Alain Locke (1886-1954)

Bibliography

John Marrant (1755-1791)

Bibliography

Claude McKay (1889-1948)

Bibliography

Richard Bruce Nugent (1906-1987)

Bibliography

Eliza C. Potter (1820-?)

Bibliography

Mary Prince (c. 1788-?)

Bibliography

Nancy Prince (1799-c. 1856)

Bibliography

Henrietta Cordelia Ray (c.1849-1916)

Bibliography

Mary Seacole (1805-1881)

Bibliography

Maria W. Stewart (1803-1879)

Bibliography

Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954)

Bibliography

Lucy Terry (c. 1730-1821)

Bibliography

Wallace Thurman (1902-1934)

Bibliography

Katherine Davis Chapman Tillman (1870-?)

Bibliography

Melvin Beaunorus Tolson (1898-1966)

Bibliography

Eugene (Jean) Pinchback Toomer (1894-1967)

Bibliography

Sojourner Truth (1797, 1800?-1883)

Bibliography

David Walker (1785-1830)

Bibliography

Eric Walrond (1898-1966)

Bibliography

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)

Bibliography

Frank Webb (?-?)

Bibliography

Ida B. Wells-Barnett (1862-1931)

Bibliography

Phillis Wheatley (1754-1784)

Bibliography

Walter White (1893-1955)

Bibliography

James Monroe Whitfield (1822-1871)

Bibliography

Albery Allson Whitman (1851-1901)

Bibliography

Harriet E. Wilson (1827?-1863?)

Bibliography

Richard Wright (1908-1960)

Bibliography

Zara Wright (?-?)

Bibliography

Selected Bibliography

Index

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