Free Verse (Vers Libre)

The book begins with an examination of rhythm in language as a whole, and of rhythm as a basic mental structure. This discussion touches on concepts from metrical phonology, acoustic phonetics, Russian Formalist and New Critical ideas of rhythm and meter, and music theory. It then analyzes what the author (borrowing a phrase from Gerard Manley Hopkins) calls "rhythmic figures of sound", syntax, line structure, and intonation in the poetry of Eliot, Lowell, and Wright.

Although the book focuses on these three writers, other poets are considered -- notably Jimmy Santiago Baca, Denise Levertov, and Etheridge Knight -- in order to illustrate the way different dialects use different intonation patterns for poetic effect. The book also contextualizes contemporary poems with brief comparisons to work from previous centuries.

The author argues that in discussions of rhythm and its structures, the old-fashioned way of analyzing types of "metrical feet" proves less than useful, and that the relatively new field of metrical phonology also has serious limitations. Instead, he advances a new approach based on "figures of sound" or "figures of rhythm", both of which involve the repetition of some key linguistic component: asound, a sequence of sounds, a method of forming words, a phrase structure, a line structure, or an intonational melody (literally, a tune -- the movement of pitch through time).

In the simplest language possible, the autho