INTRODUCTION Motor vehicle manufacturers expect that in the near future, a significant share of their profits will be associated with the sales of telematic devices--that is, computer-based in-vehicle information and communication systems such as...
INTRODUCTION A large body of evidence documents the difficulties experienced by older adults when they are engaged in visual search. Generally this work has involved search for simple visual features (e.g., orientation, colon and form) that is carried...
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in digital signal-processing technology and the development of electromagnetic position trackers have enabled the construction of virtual 3-D audio spatial displays. These displays have been used to aid visual target...
INTRODUCTION Use of a cellular phone while driving creates a situation that may be unlike that of other driving distractions in its effect on driving. Although demographic data are limited on the number of accidents that have occurred while a driver...
INTRODUCTION The Problem and the Approach Driver distraction as a research topic is currently popular, for good reason. Automobiles and trucks are undergoing large changes in terms of the new sensor, computer, and communication technology they...
INTRODUCTION The introduction of new in-vehicle technologies (IVTs), telematics, and "infotainment" into the automobile creates additional tasks that drivers may perform concurrently (Ashley, 2001). Drivers will need to access and process information...
INTRODUCTION Cognitive work analysis (CWA) and associated techniques focusing on the analysis of work domains are becoming popular methods in the analysis and design of complex systems (Burns, Barsalou, Handlei; Kuo, & Harrigan, 2000; Flach,...
INTRODUCTION Human strength is extensively used for operating equipment or moving objects. The evaluation of human strength is necessary for matching the muscular capability of workers with the force requirement for a particular job and for developing...
INTRODUCTION Information relevant to driving is predominantly visual (e.g., traffic signs, distance to the car ahead, communication with other road participants), and this has led many governments to set firm visual standards for driving licensing....
Beginning with the introduction of the car radio, there have been concerns regarding how in-vehicle technology might undermine driving safety. Those concerns are particularly apparent today as many worry about the safety consequences of introducing...
INTRODUCTION Summarizing the literature on aging and dual-task performance, Kramer and Larish (1996; see also Craik, 1977, and Hartley, 1992, for similar conclusions) noted that "one of the best exemplars of a mental activity in which large and...
INTRODUCTION Crash data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that approximately 25% of all crashes are the result of inattention or distraction (Wang, Knipling, & Goodman, 1996). It has also been estimated...
INTRODUCTION Driving is a complex, safety-critical task. However, most people considered it to be a familiar, even safe, everyday activity that presents no special problems for the experienced driver--so much so that drivers frequently choose to...
INTRODUCTION The perception of size is a fundamental process in vision: perceiving and navigating through the natural environment involves the continuous assessment of the sizes of objects and spaces (Kosslyn, Flynn, Amsterdam, & Wang, 1990)....
INTRODUCTION Researchers and practitioners of occupational ergonomics are faced with a limited number of valid and practical tools for assessing the magnitude of physical exertion. To assess the physical demands of using a screwdriver, for example,...