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Journal of the American Statistical Association

Journal covers statistical science and its applications, theory, and methods in economic, social, physical, engineering and health sciences.

Articles from Vol. 95, No. 451, September

A Bayesian Time-Course Model for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a new technique for studying the workings of the active human brain. During an fMRI experiment, a sequence of magnetic resonance images is acquired while the subject performs specific behavioral tasks....
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An Order Selection Criterion for Testing Goodness of Fit
The classical problem of assessing the goodness of fit of a postulated parametric distribution is investigated using techniques from nonparametric density estimation. A new test is proposed based on the data-selected order of a Fourier series density...
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Basic Stochastic Processes
Zdzislaw BRZEZNIAK and Tomasz ZASTAWNIAK. London: Springer, 1999. ISBN 3-540-76175-6. x + 225 pp. $29.95 (P). This short text on stochastic analysis is designed for advanced undergraduate students and self-study. A unique feature challenges the...
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Bayesian Regression Modeling with Interactions and Smooth Effects
There have been many recent suggestions as to how to build and estimate flexible Bayesian regression models, using constructs such as trees, neural networks, and Gaussian processes. Although there is much to commend these methods, their implementation...
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Bounding Parameter Estimates with Nonclassical Measurement Error
The bias introduced by errors in the measurement of independent variables has increasingly been a topic of interest among researchers estimating economic parameters. However, studies typically use the assumption of classical measurement error; that...
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Challenges in Understanding the Atmosphere
Understanding climate change, forecasting the weather for next week, or predicting turbulence for an aircraft flight--each of these activities combines a knowledge of the atmosphere with data analysis and statistical science. The practical benefits...
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Coding and Compression: A Happy Union of Theory and Practice
1. INTRODUCTION The mathematical theory behind cooing aria compression began a little more than 50 years ago with the publication of Claude Shannon's (1948) "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell Systems Technical Journal. This article...
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Computational and Inferential Difficulties with Mixture Posterior Distributions
This article deals with both exploration and interpretation problems related to posterior distributions for mixture models. The specification of mixture posterior distributions means that the presence of [kappa]! modes is known immediately. Standard...
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Efficient Bayesian Inference for Dynamic Mixture Models
A Bayesian approach is presented for estimating a mixture of linear Gaussian state-space models. Such models are used to model interventions in time series and nonparametric regression. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is usually necessary to obtain...
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Efficient Estimation and Inferences for Varying-Coefficient Models
This article deals with statistical inferences based on the varying-coefficient models proposed by Hastie and Tibshirani. Local polynomial regression techniques are used to estimate coefficient functions, and the asymptotic normality of the resulting...
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Estimating and Using Propensity Scores with Partially Missing Data
Investigators in observational studies have no control over treatment assignment. As a result, large differences can exist between the treatment and control groups on observed covariates, which can lead to badly biased estimates of treatment effects....
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Estimation for Polynomial Structural Equation Models
Structural equation analysis is one of the most widely used statistical methods in social and behavioral science research and has become a popular tool in marketing. Subject matter needs for considering nonlinear structural models have been well documented....
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Fully Model-Based Approaches for Spatially Misaligned Data
We consider inference using multivariate data that are spatially misaligned; that is, involving variables (typically counts or rates) that are aggregated over differing sets of regional boundaries. Geographic information systems enable the simultaneous...
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Functional-Coefficient Regression Models for Nonlinear Time Series
The local linear regression technique is applied to estimation of functional-coefficient regression models for time series data. The models include threshold autoregressive models and functional-coefficient autoregressive models as special cases but...
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Geometric Understanding of Likelihood Ratio Statistics
It is well known that twice a log-likelihood ratio statistic follows asymptotically a chi-square distribution. The result is usually understood and proved via Taylor's expansions of likelihood functions and by assuming asymptotic normality of maximum...
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Identifying Regression Outliers and Mixtures Graphically
Regressions in practice can include outliers and other unknown subpopulation structures. For example, mixtures of regressions occur if there is an omitted categorical predictor, like gender or location, and different regressions occur within each category....
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Integer-Valued, Minimax Robust Designs for Estimation and Extrapolation in Heteroscedastic, Approximately Linear Models
We present our findings on a new approach to robust regression design. This approach differs from previous investigations into this area in three respects: the use of a finite design space, the use of simulated annealing to carry out the numerical...
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Internet Traffic Data
Internet engineering and management depend on an understanding of the characteristics of network traffic. Statistical models are needed that can generate traffic that mimics closely the observed behavior on live Internet wires. Models can be used on...
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Jackknife Variance Estimation under Imputation for Estimators Using Poststratification Information
Poststratified estimators are commonly used in sample surveys to improve the efficiency of estimators and to ensure calibration to known poststrata counts. Similarly, generalized regression estimators are used to handle two or more poststratifiers...
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Linear Regression with Current Status Data
In survival analysis, a linear model often provides an adequate approximation after a suitable transformation of the survival times and possibly of the covariates. This article proposes a semiparametric regression method for estimating the regression...
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Models and Algorithms for Optimizing Cell Suppression in Tabular Data with Linear Constraints
Cell suppression is a widely used technique for protecting sensitive information in statistical data presented in tabular form. Previous works on the subject mainly concentrate on two- and three-dimensional tables whose entries are subject to marginal...
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Nonparametric Density Estimation from Biased Data with Unknown Biasing Function
We present a kernel estimator for the density of a variable when sampling probabilities depend on that variable. Both the density and sampling bias weight functions are unknown and are estimated nonparametrically. To achieve this, the method requires...
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On the Probability of Observing Misleading Statistical Evidence
The law of likelihood explains how to interpret statistical data as evidence. Specifically, it gives to the discipline of statistics a precise and objective measure of the strength of statistical evidence supporting one probability distribution vis-a-vis...
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Optimal Disclosure Limitation Strategy in Statistical Databases: Deterring Tracker Attacks through Additive Noise
Disclosure limitation methods transform statistical databases to protect confidentiality, a practical concern of statistical agencies. A statistical database responds to queries with aggregate statistics. The database administrator should maximize...
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Seismology-A Statistical Vignette
1. INTRODUCTION Geophysics, and seismology in particular, has a somewhat uneasy relationship with statistics. On one side, geophysicists have always been passionate collectors, processors, and interpreters of observational data. From Halley in the...
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Statistics in Advanced Manufacturing
Statistical concepts and methods have played a critical role in speeding the pace of industrial development over the last century. In return, industrial applications have provided statisticians with incredible opportunities for methodological research....
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Statistics in Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Although most statisticians and the public at large are familiar with the role of statistics in human clinical drug trials, advances in the basic science and technology of drug research and development (R&D) have created equally challenging and...
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Statistics in Reliability
1. INTRODUCTION The term reliability refers to the proper functioning of equipment and systems and thus encompasses hardware, software, human, and environmental factors. Important aspects range from the development and improvement of products or...
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Statistics in the Physical Sciences and Engineering
No doubt much of the progress in statistics in the 1900s can be traced back to statisticians who grappled with solving real problems, many of which have roots in the physical sciences and engineering. For example, George Box developed response surface...
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Subsampling Callbacks to Improve Survey Efficiency
The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), a 1990-1992 nationwide face-to-face survey of the U.S. population age 15-54 regarding the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, required, as with most large-scale surveys, multiple callbacks to maximize response...
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The Least Trimmed Differences Regression Estimator and Alternatives
This article proposes and studies the performance in theory and practice of the least trimmed differences (LTD) linear regression estimator. The estimator minimizes the sum of the smallest quartile of the squares of the differences in each pair of...
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The State of Statistical Process Control as We Proceed into the 21st Century
1. INTRODUCTION Statistical process control (SPC) refers to some statistical methods used extensively to monitor and improve the quality and productivity of manufacturing processes and service operations. SPC primarily involves the implementation...
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