Research Ethics

This is a comprehensive introduction to the ethical issues at stake in the conduct of biomedical research, with extensive use of case examples. Its content parallels the recommendations of the Commission on Research Integrity, and deals with ethical issues in the use of animal and humans in research. It includes chapters on intellectual property, authorship, peer review, and conflicts of interest. As of October 2000, all personnel involved in research supported by the Public Health Service, including NIH, must receive the equivalent of 15 hours of training and education in research ethics. This book will be a convenient text for such short courses or seminars, and an excellent guidebook for all.

Although psychologists have been relatively reticent in approaching ethical issues as a research topic, some have begun to use psychological principles, theories, and studies to understand and solve ethical dilemmas in their research. This book examines relations between ethics and psychology: the contributions that psychology can make to ethical studies and standards in all areas of human empirical science; and the specific ethics of psychological research.The eleven contributors describe the kinds of ethical problems that arise in psychological research, review current literature with a focus on empirical studies of ethical issues in human research, and identify the theoretical and methodological tools they use to understand the ethical problems arising in their work. This book addresses important issues such as the definitions of normative and deviant groups, the discovery and neutralization of bias, sensitivity to the interests of experimental subjects, and the counterweighing factors in rules, regulations, and enforcement.Barbara H. Stanley is a professor of psychology at City University of New York, John Jay College, and a lecturer in the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University. Joan E. Sieber is a professor of psychology at California State University, Hayward. They are the coeditors of Social Research on Children and Adolescents: Ethical Issues. Gary B. Melton is a professor of neuropsychiatry, law, pediatrics, and psychology and director of the Institute for Families in Society at the University of South Carolina. He is the editor of Adolescent Abortion: Psychological and Legal Issues (Nebraska 1986).

The authors of this unique text found that while most students can "crunch" the numbers quite easily and accurately with a calculator or computer, many have trouble seeing the "big picture" or seeing how research questions and design influence data analysis. As a result, the authors developed a semantically consistent framework that integrates traditional research approaches (experimental, quasi-experimental, comparative) into three basic kinds of research questions (difference, associational, and descriptive), which, in turn, lead to three kinds or groups of statistics with the same names. This text: *helps students become good consumers of research by demonstrating how to analyze and evaluate research articles; *offers a number of summarizing diagrams and tables that clarify confusing or difficult to learn topics; *points out the value of qualitative research and how it should lead quantitative researchers to be more flexible; *divides all quantitative research questions into five logically consistent categories that help students select appropriate statistics and understand their cause and effect; and *classifies design into three major types: between groups, within subjects, and mixed groups and shows that, although these three types use the same general type of statistics (e.g., ANOVA), the specific statistics in between-groups design are different from those in within-subjects and mixed groups.

Karen Strohm Kitchener is Professor of Counseling Psychology and Chair of the Counseling Psychology Division of the College of Education at the University of Denver.

There has been a proliferation of genetic databases and biobanks which promise to increase scientists' understanding of the way our genes interact with the environment. This text looks at these biomedical research projects.

Academic professionals are expected to restrain self-interest, promote the ideals of public service, and maintain high standards of performance, while society grants the profession autonomy to regulate itself through peer review. Hamilton conveys the need for ethical leadership from within the peer collegium--leadership that will foster a culture of high aspiration and peer review.

Ethics and Values in Industrial-Organizational Psychology is one of the first books to integrate work from the fields of moral philosophy, moral psychology, IO Psychology and political and social economy, as well as business. It sets out to provide a "framework for moral action" and presents practical models for ethical decision making. It can serve as a textbook for ethics courses, at the graduate and doctoral level, in organizational psychology, organizational behavior, marketing, and human resource management. It is a resource to anyone interested in ethics and standards in psychology and business.

In 2000, the world of anthropology was rocked by a high-profile debate over the fieldwork performed by two prominent anthropologists, Napoleon Chagnon and James V. Neel, among the Yanamamo tribe of South America. The controversy was fueled by the publication of Patrick Tierney's incendiary Darkness in El Dorado which accused Chagnon of not only misinterpreting but actually inciting some of the violence he perceived among these "fierce people". Tierney also pointed thefinger at Neel as the unwitting agent of a deadly measles outbreak.Attracting a firestorm of attention, Tierney's book went straight to the heart of anthropology's most pressing questions: What are the right ways to study a tribal people? How can scientists avoid unduly influencing those among whom they live? What guidelines should govern the interactions - economic, social, medical, and sexual - between a scientist in the field and the people being studied?This volume represents anthropology's thoughtful, measured reply to the issues raised by this heated controversy. Placing the dispute within the context of ongoing debates over the ethics of biomedical research among human populations, the contributors to this volume discuss how the interaction between investigators and their subjects can most sensibly be governed. They consider the responsibility of the media in disseminating anti-scientific and pseudo-scientific views, and how scientistsmight best educate journalists to enable them to effectively educate others.In the wake of what was widely construed as a major scientific scandal, this landmark volume lays out in detail the principles and ground rules of anthropological and scientific fieldwork.

"This book is of special importance. Callahan brings together in one volume the history of biomedical research in the U.S., a discussion of the goals, process, and conduct of biomedical research, and a compelling proposal for reforming the balance between research and public health policies."--Dorothy Rice, coauthor of The Dynamics of Disability: Measuring and Monitoring Disability for Social Security Programs