Deductive Reasoning

Deduction - in logic, form of inference such that the conclusion must be true if the premises are true. For example, if we know that all men have two legs and that John is a man, it is then logical to deduce that John has two legs. Logicians contrast deduction with induction, in which the conclusion might be false even when the premises are true. Deduction has to do with necessity; induction Read More...

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Deductive Reasoning

1.

Deductive Reasoning and Strategies
by Walter Schaeken, Gino De Vooght, Andre Vandierendonck, Gery d'Ydewalle. 321 pgs.

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Fifteen essays, originating from the eponymously titled workshop at the Royal Academy of Science, Brussels, March 1998, explore various trends in the psychology of reasoning. Chapters include discussions of syllogistic, spatial, propositional, and statistical reasoning. Also included are chapters on meta-theory and a concluding essay that attempts to draw conclusions from the preceding material.

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Title Page

List of Contributors

Contents

Preface

1: What Could and Could Not Be a Strategy in Reasoning

REFERENCES

2: Individual Differences in Reasoning Strategies: A Problem to Solve or an Opportunity to Seize?

REFERENCES

3: Task, Premise Order, and Strategies in Rips's Conjunction Disjunction and Conditionals Problems

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

4: Preferred Premise Order in Propositional Reasoning: Semantic Informativeness and Co-Reference

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

5: Counterexample Availability

REFERENCES

6: Pragmatics and Strategies for Practical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

7: Mechanisms and Strategies for Rephrasing

REFERENCES

8: Spatial Strategies in Reasoning

REFERENCES

9: Strategies of Constructing Preferred Mental Models in Spatial Relational Inference

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

10 Model Construction and Elaboration in Spatial Linear Syllogisms

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

11 Strategies and Tactics in Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

12: Individual Differences and the Search for Counterexamples in Syllogistic Reasoning.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

13: Strategies and Models in Statistical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

14: Focusing Strategies in Reasoning About Games

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

15: Strategies and Tactics in Deductive Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX
2.

Deductive Reasoning, in Annual Review of Psychology
by P. N. Johnson-Laird. 27 pgs.

Journal Article
3.

Reasoning, Necessity, and Logic: Developmental Perspectives ("A Theory of Deductive Reasoning" begins on p. 2)
by Willis F. Overton. 332 pgs.

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Title Page

The Jean Piaget Symposium Series Available from LEA

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

REFERENCES

1: Competence and Procedures: Constraints on the Development of Logical Reasoning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2: The Role and Meaning of Structures in Genetic Epistemology

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

3: Necessity and the Logic of Entailment

REFERENCES

4: The Logic of Meaning and Meaningful Implication

REFERENCES

5: A Genetic Study of Implication

5: A Genetic Study of Implication

REFERENCES

6: Language and the Acquisition of Logical Knowledge

REFERENCES

7: The "Natural Logic" Approach to Reasoning

REFERENCES

8: The Three Faces of If

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9: The Conversion of Truth Into Necessity

REFERENCES

10: The Development of Metalogical Understanding

CONCLUSIONS

11: Formal Operational Thought

REFERENCES

12: Reasoning, Logic, and Thought Disorder: Deductive Reasoning and Developmental Psychopathology

CONCLUSION: REASONING PATHOLOGY AND THOUGHT DISORDER

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

13: Structuralism, Deconstruction, Reconstruction: The Limits of Reasoning

Author Index

Subject Index
4.

Training Overcomes Reasoning Schema Effects and Promotes Transfer, in The Psychological Record
by Pamela I. Ansburg, Leeann Shields. 12 pgs.

Journal Article
5.

Challenge and Response: Justification in Ethics (Chap. 1 "Deduction")
by Carl Wellman. 300 pgs.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

one WHAT IS JUSTIFICATION?.

1: Deduction

2: Induction

3: Conduction

4: Reasoning

5. Justification

6: Infinite regresses

two HOW CAN ETHICAL STATEMENTS BE JUSTIFIED?

7: Truth

8: Truth-value

9: Meaningfulness

10: Validity

1: Validity-value

12: Competence

13. Knowability

notes / selected bibliography / index

NOTES

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX
6.

The Teaching of Thinking ("Errors in Deductive Reasoning" begins on p. 111)
by Raymond S. Nickerson, David N. Perkins, Edward E. Smith. 383 pgs.

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Preface

I: The Challenge of Teaching Thinking

1: Introduction

2: Aspects Of Intellectual Competence

3: Some Perspectives on Thinking

4: Problem Solving, Creativity, and Metacognition

5: Errors and Biases in Reasoning

II: Approaches to Teaching Thinking

6: Cognitive Operations Approaches

7: Heuristics Oriented Approaches

8: Formal Thinking Approaches

9: Thinking Through Language and Symbol Manipulation

10: Thinking About Thinking

III: Prospects For Teaching Thinking

11: Evaluation

12: Prospects for Teaching Thinking

References

Author Index

Subject Index
7.

Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 1-4, 1998, University of Wisconsin-Madison ("Deductive Reasoning in Right-Brain Damaged" begins on p. 386)
by Morton Ann Gernsbacher. 1286 pgs.

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Table of Contents

Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society August 1-4, 1998; University of Wisconsin-Madison

Preface: the Interdisciplinarity of Cognitive Science

Invited Program

Embodiment as a Basis for Cognition

Embodiment as a Basis for Cognition

Symposium: Cognitive Science Education

Abstract

Kuhn, Cognitive Science, and Conceptual Change

Introduction

Symposium: Modeling Cognitive Processes in Interactive Learning Situations: Face-To-Face Learning and Learning Over a Network

Symposium: Modeling Cognitive Processes in Interactive Learning Situations: Face-To-Face Learning and Learning Over a Network

Symposium on Cognitive Architecture

Introduction

Analyses of Work Across Disciplinary Boundaries

Studies in the Interaction of Psychology and Neuroscience

Symposium: Using Causal Knowledge

Symposium: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Evolutionary Reasoning

Symposium on Educational Dialogue

Interdisciplinarity of Cognitive Science

Frequency Vs. Probability Formats: Framing the Three Doors Problem

Frequency Vs. Probability Formats: Framing the Three Doors Problem

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Visual and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Poor, Good, and Dyslexic Spanish Readers.

Visual and Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Poor, Good, and Dyslexic Spanish Readers.

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Heuristics Used in Reasoning with Multiple Causes and Effects

Heuristics Used in Reasoning with Multiple Causes and Effects

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Applying Cognitive Theories & Methods to the Design of Computerised Medical Decision Support

Applying Cognitive Theories & Methods to the Design of Computerised Medical Decision Support

Introduction

References

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

What Makes Children Change Their Minds? Changes in Problem Encoding Lead to Changes in Strategy Selection

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

Pervasive Episodic Memory: Evidence from a Control-Of-Attention Paradigm

Pervasive Episodic Memory: Evidence from a Control-Of-Attention Paradigm

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Assessing the Contribution of Representation to Results

Assessing the Contribution of Representation to Results

References

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Sentence Interpretation in Bulgarian: the Contribution of Animacy

Introduction

Sentence Interpretation in Bulgarian: the Contribution of Animacy

References

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Categorization Changes Object Perception

Introduction

Categorization Changes Object Perception

Abstract

Distinguishing Between Manner of Motion and Inherently Directed Motion Verbs Using a High-Dimensional Memory Space and Semantic Judgments

References

Acknowledgements

Expert Problem Solving in a Visual Medical Domain

Introduction

Expert Problem Solving in a Visual Medical Domain

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

The Cognitive Basis for the Design of a Mammography Interpretation Tutor

The Cognitive Basis for the Design of a Mammography Interpretation Tutor

Acknowledgements

Conclusion

References

Extending Embodied Lexical Development

Introduction

Extending Embodied Lexical Development

Acknowledgments

References

Determinants of Wordlikeness

Determinants of Wordlikeness

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Conclusions

Unconfounding Similarity and Rules in Artificial Grammar Learning

Introduction

Unconfounding Similarity and Rules in Artificial Grammar Learning

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

A Computational Model of Rodent Spatial Learning and Some Behavioral Experiments

A Computational Model of Rodent Spatial Learning and Some Behavioral Experiments

References

Acknowledgements

Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech

Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning

Introduction

Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning

References

Acknowledgment

Conclusion

Can a Computer Really Model Cognition? a Case Study of Six Computational Models of Infant Word Discovery

Abstract

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Students' Sense of Community in Constructivist/Collaborative Learning Environments

Acknowledgments

References

Acquiring Grammars with Complex Heads: a Model Using Have as a Complex Verb

Acquiring Grammars with Complex Heads: a Model Using Have as a Complex Verb

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Conditional Reasoning with a Point of View: the Logic of Perspective Change

Conditional Reasoning with a Point of View: the Logic of Perspective Change

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Modeling Adaptivity in a Dynamic Task

Abstract

Conclusions

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Whither Representation?

Abstract

References

Abstract

Path & Manner Verbs in Action: Effects of "Skipping" or "Exiting" on Event Memory

References

Sharedness as an Innate Basis for Communication in the Infant

Introduction

Sharedness as an Innate Basis for Communication in the Infant

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

References

Introduction

The Serial Reaction Time Task: Learning Without Knowing, or Knowing Without Learning?

The Serial Reaction Time Task: Learning Without Knowing, or Knowing Without Learning?

References

In Defense of Logical Minds

Abstract

References

Introduction

Modelling Action in Verbal Command Context with Fuzzy Subsets and Semantic Networks

Modelling Action in Verbal Command Context with Fuzzy Subsets and Semantic Networks

Introduction

Developing Semantic Representations for Proper Names

Abstract

Acknowledgements

References

Abstract

Modeling the Opponent Facilitates Adversarial Problem Solving

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Conclusions

Building the New onto the Old: Category Constraints on Category Formation

Abstract

Building the New onto the Old: Category Constraints on Category Formation

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Representation of Knowledge in Memory: Evidence from Primed Recognition

Abstract

Representation of Knowledge in Memory: Evidence from Primed Recognition

Conclusion

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Why Chomskyan Linguistics is Antipsychological

References

Introduction

Generalization by Studying Examples Versus Generalization by Applying Examples to Problems

Generalization by Studying Examples Versus Generalization by Applying Examples to Problems

Conclusions

References

Words and Worlds: the Construction of Context for Definite Reference

Introduction

Words and Worlds: the Construction of Context for Definite Reference

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition

A Dynamic Model of Aspectual Composition

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Abstract

A Framework for Scientific Reasoning with Law Encoding Diagrams: Analysing Protocols to Assess Its Utility

A Framework for Scientific Reasoning with Law Encoding Diagrams: Analysing Protocols to Assess Its Utility

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

Regularities in a Random Mapping from Orthography to Semantics

Regularities in a Random Mapping from Orthography to Semantics

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Conclusion

Linguistic Relativity and Word Acquisition: a Computational Approach

Linguistic Relativity and Word Acquisition: a Computational Approach

Introduction

Conclusions

Visual Dominance and the Control of Action

Introduction

Visual Dominance and the Control of Action

Acknowledgements

References

A Cognitive Study of the Semantic Memory Activated by Pictures and by Words.

A Cognitive Study of the Semantic Memory Activated by Pictures and by Words.

Introduction

References

Geometry, Function, and the Comprehension of Over, Under, Above and Below

Introduction

Geometry, Function, and the Comprehension of Over, Under, Above and Below

Acknowledgments

References

Appendix - Materials Used

Emotions Just Are Cognitions

Abstract

References

Eigenfaces for Familiarity

Eigenfaces for Familiarity

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Analogy as a Sub-Process of Categorisation

Analogy as a Sub-Process of Categorisation

References

Acknowledgements

Learning Via Compact Data Representation

Introduction

Learning Via Compact Data Representation

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Conclusions

Nooplasis: a Theory About the Formation of Mind

Nooplasis: a Theory About the Formation of Mind

Introduction

Conclusion: Constrained Constructivism?

References

The Effect of List Separation in the Process Dissociation Procedure: the Bind Cue Decide Model of Episodic Memory

Introduction

The Effect of List Separation in the Process Dissociation Procedure: the Bind Cue Decide Model of Episodic Memory

References

Conclusion

Interdisciplinary Foundations for Multiple-Task Human Performance Modeling in Omar

Interdisciplinary Foundations for Multiple-Task Human Performance Modeling in Omar

1. Introduction

Analogical Reasoning in a Natural Working Group

Analogical Reasoning in a Natural Working Group

Introduction

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

How to Disbelieve Pro-->q: Resolving Contradictions

Introduction

How to Disbelieve Pro-->q: Resolving Contradictions

Acknowledgments

References

Not Channels but Composite Signals: Speech, Gesture, Diagrams and Object Demonstrations Are Integrated in Multimodal Explanations

Introduction

Not Channels but Composite Signals: Speech, Gesture, Diagrams and Object Demonstrations Are Integrated in Multimodal Explanations

References

Acknowledgments

The Influence of Repeated Presentations and Intervening Trials on Negative Priming

The Influence of Repeated Presentations and Intervening Trials on Negative Priming

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Contextual Activation of Features of Combined Concepts

Contextual Activation of Features of Combined Concepts

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

The Suppression of Card Selections in Wason's Selection Task: Evidence That Inference Plays a Role

The Suppression of Card Selections in Wason's Selection Task: Evidence That Inference Plays a Role

Introduction

References

On Plates, Bowls, and Dishes: Factors in the Use of English in and On

Introduction

On Plates, Bowls, and Dishes: Factors in the Use of English in and On

References

Learning Regular Languages from Positive Evidence

Abstract

References

Introduction

A Conceptual Framework for Predicting Error in Complex Human-Machine Environments

A Conceptual Framework for Predicting Error in Complex Human-Machine Environments

Conclusion

References

Using Rule Induction to Assist in Rule Construction for a Natural-Language Based Intelligent Tutoring System

Using Rule Induction to Assist in Rule Construction for a Natural-Language Based Intelligent Tutoring System

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

A Simple Recurrent Network Model of Bilingual Memory

Introduction

A Simple Recurrent Network Model of Bilingual Memory

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Could Category-Specific Semantic Deficits Reflect Differences in the Distributions of Features Within a Unified Semantic Memory?

Could Category-Specific Semantic Deficits Reflect Differences in the Distributions of Features Within a Unified Semantic Memory?

Acknowledgements

References

Naive Bayesian Accounts of Base Rate Effects in Human Categorization

Naive Bayesian Accounts of Base Rate Effects in Human Categorization

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Deductive Reasoning in Right-Brain Damaged

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

A Context-Based Framework for Mental Representation

A Context-Based Framework for Mental Representation

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Memory for the Meaningless: How Chunks Help

Memory for the Meaningless: How Chunks Help

Conclusion

References

Acknowledgments

A Connectionist Explanation of Dreams

Abstract

References

Inference from Ignorance: the Recognition Heuristic

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

Emergence

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

Modeling Individual Differences in Learning a Navigation Task

Modeling Individual Differences in Learning a Navigation Task

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Dimensions of Grammatical Coreference

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

Abstract

Implicit Causality, Negation, and Models of Discourse

Acknowledgments

References

Exciting Avocados and Dull Pears: Combining Behavioural and Argumentative Theory for Producing Effective Advice

Introduction

Exciting Avocados and Dull Pears: Combining Behavioural and Argumentative Theory for Producing Effective Advice

Conclusions

References

Considering Conceptual Growth as Change in Discourse Practices

Considering Conceptual Growth as Change in Discourse Practices

Introduction

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

The Role of Reflection in Scientific Exploration

The Role of Reflection in Scientific Exploration

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Early Validation of Task Analysis Data: Processes and Representations

Early Validation of Task Analysis Data: Processes and Representations

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Syntactic Systematicity Arising from Semantic Predictions in a Hebbian-Competitive Network

Syntactic Systematicity Arising from Semantic Predictions in a Hebbian-Competitive Network

Introduction.

Appendix A.

Acknowledgements.

References.

Introduction

Understanding "Rules": When is Behavior Rule-Guided?

Understanding "Rules": When is Behavior Rule-Guided?

References

Experimental Evidence Against the Dual-Route Account of Inflectional Morphology

Experimental Evidence Against the Dual-Route Account of Inflectional Morphology

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Reference

Experimental and Connectionist Perspectives on Semantic Memory Development

Experimental and Connectionist Perspectives on Semantic Memory Development

Introduction--Connectionist Modelling of Semantic Memory Development

References

Introduction

A Developmental Model for Algebra Symbolization: the Results of a Difficulty Factors Assessment

A Developmental Model for Algebra Symbolization: the Results of a Difficulty Factors Assessment

A Model of the Sound-Spelling Mapping in English and Its Role in Word and Nonword Spelling

A Model of the Sound-Spelling Mapping in English and Its Role in Word and Nonword Spelling

Introduction

Conclusions

References

The Variation of Ideational Productivity Over Short Timescales and the Influence of an Instructional Strategy to Defocus Attention

Introduction

The Variation of Ideational Productivity Over Short Timescales and the Influence of an Instructional Strategy to Defocus Attention

Introduction

The Development of Synchrony Between Oscillating Neurons

The Development of Synchrony Between Oscillating Neurons

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Statistical Learning of Visuomotor Sequences: Implicit Acquisition of Sub-Patterns

Statistical Learning of Visuomotor Sequences: Implicit Acquisition of Sub-Patterns

Acknowledgments

References

Evaluating Computational Assistance for Crisis Response

Introduction

Evaluating Computational Assistance for Crisis Response

References

Acknowledgements

The Acquisition of Ergativity

The Acquisition of Ergativity

Introduction

References

Introduction

Representing the Local Space Qualitatively in a Cognitive Map

Representing the Local Space Qualitatively in a Cognitive Map

Conclusion

References

Modeling Speed-Up and Transfer of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge

Modeling Speed-Up and Transfer of Declarative and Procedural Knowledge

Introduction

Conclusion

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Abstract

Chiral Cognitive Science

References

References

Acknowledgements

References

The Rise and Fall of English Inflectional Morphology

Introduction

References

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Theory-Neutral System Regularity Measurements

Introduction

Theory-Neutral System Regularity Measurements

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Why Double Dissociations Don't Mean Much

Introduction

Why Double Dissociations Don't Mean Much

Acknowledgements

Conclusions

References

The Acquisition of Programming Skills from Textbooks

Introduction

The Acquisition of Programming Skills from Textbooks

References

Conclusion and Outlook

Continuity Effect and Figural Bias in Spatial Relational Inference

Introduction and Related Work

Continuity Effect and Figural Bias in Spatial Relational Inference

References

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Probability Judgment in Three-Category Classification Learning

References

Acknowledgments

Representation, Agency, and Disciplinarity: Calculus Experts at Work

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

How Can I Know What You Think?: Assessing Representational Similarity in Neural Systems

Introduction

How Can I Know What You Think?: Assessing Representational Similarity in Neural Systems

Conclusions

References

Cognitive Architecture and Modeling Idiom: an Examination of Three Models of the Wickens's Task

Cognitive Architecture and Modeling Idiom: an Examination of Three Models of the Wickens's Task

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Issues in Comparing Symbolic and Connectionist Models

Issues in Comparing Symbolic and Connectionist Models

Introduction

Conclusions

Reference

Abstract

Mediated Priming Does Not Rely on Weak Semantic Relatedness or Local Co-Occurrence

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

Relational Language Facilitates Analogy in Children

Relational Language Facilitates Analogy in Children

References

Acknowledgments

Incremental Interpretation and Lexicalized Grammar

Introduction

Incremental Interpretation and Lexicalized Grammar

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Inductive Reasoning Tasks Revisited: Object Labels Aren't Always the Basis of Inference Within Taxonomic Domains

Inductive Reasoning Tasks Revisited: Object Labels Aren't Always the Basis of Inference Within Taxonomic Domains

References

The Development of Spoken Word Recognition: Experimental and Computational Studies

The Development of Spoken Word Recognition: Experimental and Computational Studies

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Conclusions

References

Modeling Item and Category Learning

Modeling Item and Category Learning

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Learning to Form Visual Chunks: on the Structure of Visuo-Spatial Working Memory

Introduction

Learning to Form Visual Chunks: on the Structure of Visuo-Spatial Working Memory

Introduction

Using an Artificial Lexicon and Eye Movements to Examine the Development and Microstructure of Lexical Dynamics

Using an Artificial Lexicon and Eye Movements to Examine the Development and Microstructure of Lexical Dynamics

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

The Role of Motion in Children's Categorization

The Role of Motion in Children's Categorization

Introduction

References

Evaluating Theories in the Context of a Web of Information

Abstract

Appendix

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Deciding What Not to Say: an Attentional-Probabilistic Approach to Argument Presentation

Deciding What Not to Say: an Attentional-Probabilistic Approach to Argument Presentation

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Modelling Functional Priming and the Associative Boost

Modelling Functional Priming and the Associative Boost

Introduction

Conclusions

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Semantic Similarity Priming Without Hierarchical Category Structure

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgements

Conclusions

Mixed Depth Representations for Dialog Processing

Mixed Depth Representations for Dialog Processing

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Brain Injury and Cognitive Retraining: the Role of Computer Assisted Learning and Virtual Reality

Introduction

Brain Injury and Cognitive Retraining: the Role of Computer Assisted Learning and Virtual Reality

Conclusion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

A Production System Model of Memory for Spatial Descriptions

A Production System Model of Memory for Spatial Descriptions

Introduction

References

References

Incremental Language Learning: Two and Three Year Olds' Acquisition of Adjectives

Introduction

Incremental Language Learning: Two and Three Year Olds' Acquisition of Adjectives

Acknowledgements

References

Abstract

A Complex-Systems Perspective on the "Computation Vs. Dynamics" Debate in Cognitive Science

References

Acknowledgments

Effects of Representational Modality and Thinking Style on Learning to Solve Reasoning Problems

Abstract

Effects of Representational Modality and Thinking Style on Learning to Solve Reasoning Problems

References

Acknowledgements

A Constraint Satisfaction Model of the Correspondence Bias: the Role of Accessibility and Applicability of Explanations

A Constraint Satisfaction Model of the Correspondence Bias: the Role of Accessibility and Applicability of Explanations

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Repetition Blindness: Levels of Processing Revisited

Repetition Blindness: Levels of Processing Revisited

References

Complement Set Reference and Quantifiers

Introduction

Complement Set Reference and Quantifiers

Conclusion

Conclusion

Modeling Invention by Analogy in Act-R

Modeling Invention by Analogy in Act-R

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Prolegomena to a Task-Method-Knowledge Theory of Cognition

Introduction

Prolegomena to a Task-Method-Knowledge Theory of Cognition

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Bayesian Models of Human Sentence Processing

Introduction

Bayesian Models of Human Sentence Processing

Acknowledgements

Conclusion

Conclusion

A Brain Model of the Relationship Between Semantic Memory and Working Memory in Semantic Cognitive Tasks

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

Goal Specificity and Learning: Reinterpretation of the Data and Cognitive Theory

Introduction

Goal Specificity and Learning: Reinterpretation of the Data and Cognitive Theory

Acknowledgments

References

The Structure of Generate-And-Test in Algebra Problem-Solving

Introduction

The Structure of Generate-And-Test in Algebra Problem-Solving

References

Acknowledgments

Towards a Society of Affect-Driven Agents

Introduction

Towards a Society of Affect-Driven Agents

Conclusions and Future Work

References

Strength Adjustment in Hierarchical Learning

Strength Adjustment in Hierarchical Learning

References

Acknowledgments

The Influence of Emotional Valence in Backward Masking: Evidence for Early Appraisal

The Influence of Emotional Valence in Backward Masking: Evidence for Early Appraisal

Introduction

References

Mapping Innate Lexical Features to Grammatical Categories: Acquisition of English -Ing and -Ed

Mapping Innate Lexical Features to Grammatical Categories: Acquisition of English -Ing and -Ed

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

References

Learning of First, Second, and Third Person Pronouns

Introduction

Learning of First, Second, and Third Person Pronouns

Acknowledgements

References

A Simple Neural Network Models Categorical Perception of Facial Expressions

A Simple Neural Network Models Categorical Perception of Facial Expressions

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Abstract

An Associative Analysis of Compound Predictor Processing in Contingency Judgments

References

Acknowledgments

A Computational Model of Recognizing and Revising Inappropriate Advice

A Computational Model of Recognizing and Revising Inappropriate Advice

Introduction

References

Conclusions

Introduction

Understanding Phenomena: Investigating Structure-Function Relationships

Understanding Phenomena: Investigating Structure-Function Relationships

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Spatial Competence Via Self-Organisation: an Intersect of Perception and Development.

Towards Artificial Forms of Intelligence, Creativity, and Surprise.

Towards Artificial Forms of Intelligence, Creativity, and Surprise.

Introduction

Introduction

Steps Towards the Acquisition of Expertise: Shifting the Focus from Quantitative to Qualitative Problem Representations During Collaborative Problem Solving

Steps Towards the Acquisition of Expertise: Shifting the Focus from Quantitative to Qualitative Problem Representations During Collaborative Problem Solving

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

Rational Categories

Rational Categories

Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Acknowledgments

Generality of the Abstraction Mechanisms in Artificial Grammar Learning

Generality of the Abstraction Mechanisms in Artificial Grammar Learning

Introduction

References

Examples and Generalisations: Using Surface Versus Structural Recall Biases to Probe Conceptual Storage

Examples and Generalisations: Using Surface Versus Structural Recall Biases to Probe Conceptual Storage

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

What Family Resemblances Are Not: the Continuing Relevance of Wittgenstein to the Study of Concepts and Categories

What Family Resemblances Are Not: the Continuing Relevance of Wittgenstein to the Study of Concepts and Categories

Introduction

The Relationship Between Lexical and Syntactic Processing

The Relationship Between Lexical and Syntactic Processing

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Who Killed Princess Diana? a Case Study of Causal Reasoning

Introduction

Who Killed Princess Diana? a Case Study of Causal Reasoning

Acknowledgments

References

Modeling the Emergence of Syllable Systems

Modeling the Emergence of Syllable Systems

Introduction

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Reduplication and the Arbitrariness of the Sign

Reduplication and the Arbitrariness of the Sign

References

Acknowledgements

The Differential Effects of Causes on Categorization and Similarity

Abstract

Solutions to the Catastrophic Forgetting Problem

Solutions to the Catastrophic Forgetting Problem

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

A Connectionist Investigation of Developmental Effects in Stroop Interference

A Connectionist Investigation of Developmental Effects in Stroop Interference

Conclusion

References

Decision Making Under Time Pressure

Introduction

Decision Making Under Time Pressure

Conclusion

Reference

Abstract

Setting the First Few Syntactic Parameters - a Computational Analysis

References

Tracing Eye Movement Protocols with Cognitive Process Models

Tracing Eye Movement Protocols with Cognitive Process Models

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Transitive Inference by Visual Reasoning

Transitive Inference by Visual Reasoning

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Indexical Constraints on Symbolic Cognitive Functioning

Abstract

References

Conclusion

Model of the "Guilty Knowledge Effect:" Dual Processes in Recognition

Model of the "Guilty Knowledge Effect:" Dual Processes in Recognition

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Acknowledgments

Using Anatomical Information to Enrich the Connectionist Modelling of Normal and Impaired Visual Word Recognition

Abstract

Acknowledgements

Conclusions

References

An Informational Analysis of Echoic Responses in Dialogue

Introduction

An Informational Analysis of Echoic Responses in Dialogue

References

Conclusion

A Constraint-Satisfaction Model of Machiavellianism Effects in Cognitive Dissonance

A Constraint-Satisfaction Model of Machiavellianism Effects in Cognitive Dissonance

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Road Climbing: a Route Choice Heuristic

Introduction

Road Climbing: a Route Choice Heuristic

References

Structural Alignment in Relational Interpretations of Conceptual Combinations

Introduction

Structural Alignment in Relational Interpretations of Conceptual Combinations

References

Opportunistic Enterprises in Invention

Introduction

Opportunistic Enterprises in Invention

Acknowledgements

References

Neural Network Models of Discrimination Shifts

Neural Network Models of Discrimination Shifts

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Two Heads Are Better Than One: Causality and Similarity in Misconception Discovery

Two Heads Are Better Than One: Causality and Similarity in Misconception Discovery

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Appendix

Acknowledgment

Rational Decision Theory: the Relevance of Newcomb's Paradox.

Introduction

Rational Decision Theory: the Relevance of Newcomb's Paradox.

References

Increasing Informativeness and Reducing Ambiguities: Adaptive Strategies in Human Information Processing

Increasing Informativeness and Reducing Ambiguities: Adaptive Strategies in Human Information Processing

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Hints Do Not Evoke Solutions Via Passive Spreading Activation

Hints Do Not Evoke Solutions Via Passive Spreading Activation

Introduction

References

Period Doubling as a Means of Representing Multiply Instantiated Entities

Introduction

Period Doubling as a Means of Representing Multiply Instantiated Entities

Acknowledgments

References

Conclusions

Introduction

The Impact of a Response Management Tool on Air Warfare Tactical Decision Making

The Impact of a Response Management Tool on Air Warfare Tactical Decision Making

References

Acknowledgements

Grading on the Fly

Introduction

Grading on the Fly

References

Conclusion

Look and Learn: Observational Learning of Rules and Instances

Look and Learn: Observational Learning of Rules and Instances

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Implicit Consequentiality

Introduction

Implicit Consequentiality

Acknowledgements

References

A Bottom-Up Model of Skill Learning

A Bottom-Up Model of Skill Learning

Introduction

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

The Roles of Sketches in Early Conceptual Design Processes

The Roles of Sketches in Early Conceptual Design Processes

Introduction

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Representing Psychological Dimensions of Decisions: Implications for Behavioral Decision Models

Introduction

Representing Psychological Dimensions of Decisions: Implications for Behavioral Decision Models

Acknowledgments

References

Categorization Under the Influence

Categorization Under the Influence

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Bilingualism and the Single Route / Dual Route Debate.

Bilingualism and the Single Route / Dual Route Debate.

Introduction.

Conclusion.

References.

Exploration in the Experiment Space: the Relationship Between Systematicity and Performance

Exploration in the Experiment Space: the Relationship Between Systematicity and Performance

References

Acknowledgments

Image-Schema Transfer: Towards Computational Facilitation of Analogical Problem Solving Using a Diagrammatic Representation

Introduction

Image-Schema Transfer: Towards Computational Facilitation of Analogical Problem Solving Using a Diagrammatic Representation

Appendix

Conclusion

References

Abstract

Rational Hypothesis-Testing Strategies in a Rule Discovery Task

Acknowledgments

References

What Makes a Tutorial Event Effective?

What Makes a Tutorial Event Effective?

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Goals, Strategies, and Motivation

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

A Psychological Process Model of the Solution of Mechanics Problems by Elementary School Students: an Interdisciplinary Project

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

A Bayesian Network Model of Causal Learning

A Bayesian Network Model of Causal Learning

The Borderline Between Subsymbolic and Symbolic Processing: a Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

Introduction

The Borderline Between Subsymbolic and Symbolic Processing: a Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Approach

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Uecho: a Model of Uncertainty Management in Human Abductive Reasoning

Uecho: a Model of Uncertainty Management in Human Abductive Reasoning

Conclusions and Future Plans

References

Acknowledgements

Patterns at the Edge: Strategies of Looking at Nonrepresentational Art

Introduction

Patterns at the Edge: Strategies of Looking at Nonrepresentational Art

Acknowledgments

References

Abstract

Goms, Distributed Cognition, and the Knowledge Structures of Organizations

Conclusions

References

Emergent Modularity and U-Shaped Learning in a Constructivist Neural Network Learning the English Past Tense

Introduction

Emergent Modularity and U-Shaped Learning in a Constructivist Neural Network Learning the English Past Tense

References

Acknowledgements

Contextual Representation of Abstract Nouns: a Neural Network Approach

Introduction

Contextual Representation of Abstract Nouns: a Neural Network Approach

References

Acknowledgments

Inferring the Meaning of Verbs from Context

Introduction

Inferring the Meaning of Verbs from Context

Acknowledgements

References

Heterogeneously Distributed Cognition

Abstract

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgments

Structure in Category-Based Induction

Introduction

Structure in Category-Based Induction

References

Acknowledgments

The Acquisition of Japanese Numeral Classifiers -Linkage Between Grammatical Forms and Conceptual Categories-

Introduction

The Acquisition of Japanese Numeral Classifiers -Linkage Between Grammatical Forms and Conceptual Categories-

References

Illusions in Reasoning with Quantifiers

Introduction

Illusions in Reasoning with Quantifiers

References

Acknowledgments

A Sketched Computational Theory of Language Comprehension

Abstract

Conclusion

References

Normative and Information Processing Accounts of Medical Diagnosis

Normative and Information Processing Accounts of Medical Diagnosis

Introduction

References

How Impasses Enable Subjects to Discover the Relevant Properties of the Problem: Problem Space as a Space of Properties

Introduction

How Impasses Enable Subjects to Discover the Relevant Properties of the Problem: Problem Space as a Space of Properties

References

Isomorphic Representations Lead to the Discovery of Different Forms of a Common Strategy with Different Degrees of Generality

Isomorphic Representations Lead to the Discovery of Different Forms of a Common Strategy with Different Degrees of Generality

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Developmental Differences in Encoding and Completing Patterns

References

Tests of Remote Association

References

Introduction

Tests of Remote Association

Applied Speech Acts Analysis: Speaker Intentions as Motivational Factors in Substance Abuse Therapy

References

Applied Speech Acts Analysis: Speaker Intentions as Motivational Factors in Substance Abuse Therapy

References

Learned Categorical Perception Effects in Neural Networks

Learned Categorical Perception Effects in Neural Networks

Perceived Similarity Between Paired Items: the Influence of Category Type, Context, Typicality, and Self-Report

Towards a Spanning Architecture for Analogical Problem Solving

Acknowledgements

Towards a Spanning Architecture for Analogical Problem Solving

References

The English Past Tense and the Child's Conception of Time

Acknowledgments

References

The English Past Tense and the Child's Conception of Time

Constraints on the Production and Evaluation of Analogies

Constraints on the Production and Evaluation of Analogies

Conclusions

References

Collaborative Visual Design: Representation and Resources

The Role of Salience in Conceptual Combination

References

The Role of Salience in Conceptual Combination

Comparison in Context

Conclusions

Comparison in Context

References

Evidence That Syntactic Priming is Long-Lasting

Acknowledgments

References

Evidence That Syntactic Priming is Long-Lasting

Is Syntactic Priming a Two-Way Effect?

References

Network Analysis Using Visualization and Singular Value Decomposition

References

Network Analysis Using Visualization and Singular Value Decomposition

Assessing the Role of Information Sources in Track Identification Decisions

References

Assessing the Role of Information Sources in Track Identification Decisions

Modeling Dual-Task Performance Improvement with Epic-Soar

References

Distributed Cognition of a Navigational Instrument Display Task

References

Distributed Cognition of a Navigational Instrument Display Task

Evidence Against the Global Speed of Processing Theory of Working Memory

Conclusion

Evidence Against the Global Speed of Processing Theory of Working Memory

References

Representation Revisited: Lessons Learned from Artificial Life

Representation Revisited: Lessons Learned from Artificial Life

Recursive Reviews of Math Lessons: a Mechanism for Improving Instruction

Acknowledgments

Recursive Reviews of Math Lessons: a Mechanism for Improving Instruction

Searching the World Wide Web Made Easy? the Cognitive Load Imposed by Query Refinement Mechanisms

Introduction

Searching the World Wide Web Made Easy? the Cognitive Load Imposed by Query Refinement Mechanisms

Learning Syntactic Frames with Simple Recurrent Networks

Learning Syntactic Frames with Simple Recurrent Networks

References

A Continuum of Language Comprehension: College Students, Agrammatics, and Everyone in Between

References

Effects of Tonality, Contour, Pitch Intervals, and Hemisphere on the Representation of Melodic Information

Effects of Tonality, Contour, Pitch Intervals, and Hemisphere on the Representation of Melodic Information

References

Introduction

Matrix Cognition and Spiritual Progress

References

Structural Alignment Facilitates Discovering Differences

Structural Alignment Facilitates Discovering Differences

References

Familiarity Assessment in Visual Word Recognition and the Transformation Hypothesis

References

Reference

'Not-' Cracker

Contingency of Parts in Object Concepts

Reference

References

Inhibitory Associations in Causality Judgements

Inhibitory Associations in Causality Judgements

Extracting Information from Graphics

References

Extracting Information from Graphics

Metaphor Processing: Looking for Light in a Dark Room

Metaphor Processing: Looking for Light in a Dark Room

References

Maturational Biases and Encapsulation in Spatial Development

Maturational Biases and Encapsulation in Spatial Development

References

Detecting an 'Anomalous State of Knowledge' for Proactive Information Filtering

References

References

How Consequences of Physical Principles Influence Mental Representation: the Environmental Invariants Hypothesis

References

Tracking Cognitive Representations

Tracking Cognitive Representations

Locating the Processing Bottleneck in Dual-Task Interference

References

Locating the Processing Bottleneck in Dual-Task Interference

Do Diminutives Facilitate the Learning of Russian Gender?

References

Toward a Unifying Connectionist Model of Attention in Human and Animal Associative Learning

References

References

Retrospective Revaluation in Human Associative Learning: New Data and Implications for Models of Learning

An Attentionally-Based Connectionist Model of Overshadowing and Cue-Competition in Human Learning

References

Mapping Asymmetries in Analogical Problem Solving

References

Acknowledgments

Category Learning and Comparison in the Evolution of Similarity Structure

References

Category Learning and Comparison in the Evolution of Similarity Structure

Reference

First Letter Dominance in Word Recognition

First Letter Dominance in Word Recognition

The Effect of Knowledge About Topic on Metaphorical Meaning

The Effect of Knowledge About Topic on Metaphorical Meaning

Conclusion

References

Internally Generated Remindings and Hippocampal Recapitulations

Introduction

References

Internally Generated Remindings and Hippocampal Recapitulations

The Role of Sentence Priming on the Implicit Memory of Syntactic Structures

The Role of Sentence Priming on the Implicit Memory of Syntactic Structures

References

A Computational Model for Creative Problem Solving

References

The Effect of Covariational Information on Implicit Causality

References

The Effects of Perceptual Cues and Extrinsic Motivation on Creative Problem Solving

The Effects of Perceptual Cues and Extrinsic Motivation on Creative Problem Solving

References

Acknowledgments

Spatial Situation Models and Story Actions

Spatial Situation Models and Story Actions

References

Acknowledgments

References

Reflection Alone Can Increase Consistency of Beliefs

Reflection Alone Can Increase Consistency of Beliefs

Testing a Model of Role Assignment

References

Testing a Model of Role Assignment

Introduction

Training Self-Explanation Strategies: Effects of Prior Domain Knowledge and Reading Skill

References

Mapping Time in Narratives

Role Models in Cognitive Psychology: Jerome Bruner as Exemplar

References

Toward a Universal Moral Grammar

References

Gaps in the Explanation of the Relational Shift in Analogy Development

References

Improving Evolved Communication with Imitation

Using Backward Masking to Study Lexical Competition in the Interactive Activation Model of Word Recognition

Introduction

Dual-Network Connectionist Modelling of Development

References

References

The Magical Number Seven in Language

The Magical Number Seven in Language

Acknowledgments

Limitations on a Theory of the Biological Origins of Compositionality

Acknowledgements

References

Limitations on a Theory of the Biological Origins of Compositionality

Influence of Stimulus Meaning on Recognition Memory

Acknowledgments

Influence of Stimulus Meaning on Recognition Memory

References

Acknowledgements

References

A Cognitive Model of the Use of Familiarity in the Acquisition of Interactive Search Skill

A Cognitive Model of the Use of Familiarity in the Acquisition of Interactive Search Skill

Reference

Force Dynamics in Language and Cognition: an Empirical Evaluation

Exploring Gang Effects by Output Node Similarity in Neural Networks

References

Exploring Gang Effects by Output Node Similarity in Neural Networks

References

Relating Perceptual and Functional Features for Game Learning

Relating Perceptual and Functional Features for Game Learning

References

Connectives and Anaphoric Reference Patterns to Negative Quantifiers

Anaphora Resolution and Subordination in Discourse Structure

References

Social Aspects of Dependency in Navigation: Route Guidance Using Mobile Phone with Location Information

Social Aspects of Dependency in Navigation: Route Guidance Using Mobile Phone with Location Information

Reference

Reference

On Learning Allophonic Relations: Phonetic Identity or Functional Similarity?

The Relationship Between Implicit Causality and Implicit Consequentiality

The Relationship Between Implicit Causality and Implicit Consequentiality

References

Extreme Beliefs Do Respond to Evidence

References

Extreme Beliefs Do Respond to Evidence

Verbalization of Dynamic Sketch Maps: Layers of Representation in the Conceptualization of Drawing Events

Verbalization of Dynamic Sketch Maps: Layers of Representation in the Conceptualization of Drawing Events

References

References

Conclusion

Time Course Study of Single-Word Context Effects: Evidence from Activation of Homograph Meaning

Time Course Study of Single-Word Context Effects: Evidence from Activation of Homograph Meaning

Is Formal Training Really Formal?

Is Formal Training Really Formal?

References

Toward a General Theory of Scientific Discovery

References

References

Updating Memory Representations During Reading: the Role of Cohort Competition

Updating Memory Representations During Reading: the Role of Cohort Competition

Learning Only Good Things from Others

Quasi-Implication in Judgements of Sensory Attribution

References

Quasi-Implication in Judgements of Sensory Attribution

Conclusion

Modeling Implicit and Explicit Discovery Learning

References

Modeling Implicit and Explicit Discovery Learning

Acknowledgments

References

The Effects of Population Density and Resource Abundance on the Evolution of Cooperative Strategies

Zero Sum Games as Distributed Cognitive Systems

Zero Sum Games as Distributed Cognitive Systems

References

References

Self-Initiated Learning Through Transformation of Representation

The Role of Labeling in Acquiring Kind Concepts in Infancy

References

Author Index
8.

Cognitive Psychology and Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Research in Cognitive Science ("Deductive Reasoning" begins on p. 23)
by Morton Wagman. 180 pgs.

Book

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The nature of cognition is examined by the methods of experimental cognitive psychology and the theoretical models of computational psychology. This work presents a detailed interdisciplinary examination of significant commonalities and differences between human intelligence and intelligent systems, consequently enriching our perspectives on the nature of cognition.

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Title Page

Copyright Acknowledgments

Contents

Tables and Figures

Preface

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

One: The Sciences of Cognition

Two Human Reasoning and Reasoning Systems

Three Human Problem Solving and Problem-Solving Systems

Four Human Learning and Learning Systems

Five Human Expertise and Expert Systems

Six The Nature of Intelligence and Intelligent Systems

Appendix

Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index

About the Author
9.

Deductive Inference, in Annual Review of Psychology
by Rachel Joffe Falmagne, Joanna Gonsalves. 35 pgs.

Journal Article

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Deductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

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