Epictetus

Epictetus - ĕpĭktēˈtəs, c.a.d. 50–c.a.d. 138, Phrygian Stoic philosopher. He wrote nothing, but his teachings were set down by his disciple Arrian in the Discourses and the Encheiridion. Epictetus emphasized indifference to external goods and taught that the true good is within oneself. His Stoicism was outstanding in its insistence on the doctrine of the Read More...

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Epictetus

1.

Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life
by A. A. Long. 310 pgs.

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Title Page

Epictetus

Contents

Preface

Citations and Abbreviations

Anthology of Excerpts

Introduction

Chapter 1 Epictetus in His Time and Place

Chapter 2 the Discourses

Chapter 3 the Socratic Paradigm

Chapter 4 Philosophy and Pedagogy

Chapter 5 Reading Epictetus

Chapter 6 Natures: Divine, Human, Animal

Chapter 7 from Theology to Ethics

Chapter 8 Autonomy and Integrity

Chapter 9 Appropriate Actions and Feelings

Epilogue: the Afterlife of Epictetus

Glossary

Who's Who: Stoics and Others

References

Index of Passages Cited
2.

Discourses, Book I
by Epictetus, Robert F. Dobbin. 258 pgs.

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About Epictetus: Little is known for certain about Epictetus' life. He was born in the second half of the first century AD, probably in Asia Minor; he was a slave for some of his life; he studied philosophy in Rome, and worked at the imperial court, at the end of the century; he subsequently lived in Epirus, the northwestern part of Greece. About this work: The Discourses are a key source for ancient Stoicism, one of the richest and most influential schools of thought in Western philosophy. They not only represent the Stoicism of Epictetus' own time, but also reflect the teachings of such early Stoics as Zeno and Chrysippus, whose writings are largely lost. The first of the four books of the Discourses is philosophically the richest: it focuses primarily on ethics and moral psychology, but also touches on issues of logic, epistemology, science, and rhetoric. Other notable schools of ancient thought, including Epicureanism, the Sceptics, and the Cynics, are discussed. About this edition: Robert Dobbin presents a new translation into clear modern English of this important work, together with the first commentary on the work since the eighteenth century. Each of the thirty discourses that make up Book 1 is introduced and summarized; then the arguments are examined in detail. The general introduction gives background information about Epictetus' life, the intellectual context of the work, the style of the discourses, and the history of the text. A bibliography surveys the literature. The volume serves as a guide to Epictetus' thought as a whole. About CLAP: This series is designed to encourage philosophers and students of philosophy to explore the fertile terrain of later ancient philosophy. The texts will range in date from the first century BC to the fifth century AD, and they will cover all the parts and all the schools of philosophy. Each volume contains a substantial introduction, an English translation, and a critical commentary on the philosophical claims and arguments of the text. The translations aim primarily at accuracy and fidelity, but also at readability; they are accompanied by notes on textual problems that affect the philosophical interpretation. No knowledge of Greek or Latin is assumed.

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Title Page

PREFACE

CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

TRANSLATION

Chapter 1 Concerning What is in Our Power and What is Not

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 4 on Progress

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 5 Against the Academics

Chapter 25 on the Same Theme

Chapter 26 What is the Law of Life?

Chapter 26 What is the Law of Life?

Chapter 28 That We Should Not Be Angry with Men, and What Are the Small Things and the Great Among Men

Chapter 29 on Steadfastness

Chapter 30 What We Should Have Ready in Circumstances

COMMENTARY

Chapter 1 Concerning What is in Our Power and What is Not

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 2 How a Man May Preserve His Proper Character in Every Circumstance

Chapter 8 That Capacities Are Treacherous for the Uneducated

Chapter 9 How from the Fact That We Are Akin to God Should One Proceed to the Consequences?

Chapter II of Family Affection

Chapter 12 on Satisfaction

Chapter 12 on Satisfaction

Chapter 14 That the Deity Oversees All Men

Chapter 15 What Philosophy Professes

Chapter 15 What Philosophy Professes

Chapter 15 What Philosophy Professes

Chapter 15 What Philosophy Professes

Chapter 19 How One Should Behave Toward Tyrants

Chapter 20 About Reason, How It Investigates Itself

Chapter 21 to Those Who Want to Be Admired

Chapter 22 Concerning Preconceptions

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

Chapter 23 Against Epicurus

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX NOMINUM

INDEX LOCORUM

SUBJECT INDEX
3.

Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Chap. 7 "Freedom and That Which Depends on Us: Epictetus and Early Stoics")
by Susanne Bobzien. 446 pgs.

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Susanne Bobzien presents the definitive study of one of the most important intellectual legacies of the ancient Greek world: the Stoic theory of causal determinism. She identifies the main problems that the Stoics addressed and reconstructs the theory. She discusses how the Stoics squared their determinism with their conceptions of possibility, action, freedom, and moral responsibility, and how they defended it against objections and criticism by other philosophers. She shows how the Stoics distinguished their causal determinism from ancient theories of logical determinism, fatalism, and necessitarianism. Along the way she gives an authoritative account of many other related aspects of Stoic thought, including their views on the predictability of the future, the role of empirical sciences, the determination of character, and moral freedom. Bobzien's study of these central doctrines of Stoicism reveals the considerable philosophical richness and power that they retain today.

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Title Page

Acknowledgements

Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

1: Determinism and Fate

2: Two Chrysippean Arguments for Causal Determinism

3: Modality, Determinism, and Freedom

4: Divination, Modality, and Universal Regularity

5: Fate, Action, and Motivation: The Idle Argument

6: Determinism and Moral Responsibility: Chrysippus' Compatibilism

7: Freedom and That Which Depends on Us: Epictetus and Early Stoics

8: A Later Stoic Theory of Compatibilism

Bibliography

Index Locorum

Index Nominum

Subject Index
4.

Arrian of Nicomedia (Chap. 2 "The Encounter with Epictetus")
by Philip A. Stadter. 260 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

I: The Man

2: The Encounter with Epictetus

3: The Governor of Cappadocia

6: The Anabasis: The Portrait of Alexander

7: The Book on India

9: Between Two Cultures

Appendix 1 Arrian's Works

Appendix 2 a Chronology of Arrian's Life

Appendix 3 an Outline of the Anabasis

Appendix 4 Arrian's Account of the Battle of Gaugamela, Anabasis 3.7-15

Appendix 5 the Date of Composition of Arrian's Works

Notes

Notes

Index
5.

The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius (Chap. 8 "From Epictetus to Marcus Aurelius")
by Mark Morford. 292 pgs.

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The philosophers of the Roman world were asking questions whose answers had practical effects on people's lives in antiquity, and which still influence our thinking to this day. In spite of being neglected in the modern era, this important age of philosophical thought is now undergoing a revival of interest.Mark Morford's lively survey makes these recent scholarly developments accessible to a wide audience, examining the writings and ideas of both famous and lesser known figures - from Cato the Censor in 155 BCE to Marcus Aurelius in 180 CE. Based around extensive and fully translated quotations from the philosophical texts of the era, full consideration is given throughout to historical, political and cultural context.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

1: Philosophia Togata

2: The Arrival of the Greek Philosophers in Rome

3: Cicero and His Contemporaries

4: Lucretius and the Epicureans

5: Philosophers and Poets in the Augustan Age

6: Seneca and His Contemporaries

7: Stoicism Under Nero and the Flavians

Marcus Aurelius

Bibliographical Note

Notes

References

Philosophers Named in the Text

Passages Discussed

General Index
6.

Philosophers and Religious Leaders ("Epictetus: Influential Stoic Philosopher c. 50 - c. 135" begins on p. 60)
by Christian D. von Dehsen. 248 pgs.

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How did Elijah Muhammad's establishment of the Nation of Islam affect the civil rights movement in the United States? Philosophers and Religious Leaders answers that question and others as it presents 200 leaders whose lives and work have greatly influenced the world we live in today. Profiles include: Muhammad Abduh--architect of Islamic modernism. Mary Daly-- influential feminist theologian and philosopher. Mary Baker Eddy--founder of Christian Science. Mencius (Meng K'o)--Confucian moral philosopher and interpreter. Shang Yang--Chinese philosopher of legalist school.

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Table of Contents

Introduction

'Abduh, Muhammad: Architect of Islamic Modernism 1849-1905

Abelard, Peter: Theologian and Philosopher; Proponent of the Modern University 1079-1142

Abraham: First Biblical Patriarch c. 2000-1500 B.C.E.

Afghani, Jamal Ad- Din, Al-: Influential Twentieth-Century Pan-Islamist c. 1838-1897

Akhenaton: (Amenhotep IV) Egyptian Pharaoh; Advocate of Monolatry Reigned c. 1367-1350 B.C.E.

Akiba Ben Joseph: Early Interpreter of Jewish Law c. 40-.135

Anaximander: Philosopher-Scientist; Early Developer of Cosmological Theory c. 611-c. 547 B.C.E.

Anselm of Canterbury, Saint: Archbishop of Canterbury; Father of Scholasticism c.1033-1109

'Arabi, Ibn Al-: Master of Islamic Sufi Mysticism 1165-1240

Arendt, Hannah: Philosopher of Totalitarianism 1906-1975

Aristotle: Influential Greek Philosopher; Opponent of Platonic Concept of Forms 384-322 B.C.E.

Arjun: Fifth Sikh Guru; Compiler of the Adi Granth 1563-1606

Athanasius, Saint: Egyptian Bishop and Theologian; Developer of the New Testament Canon c. 293-373

Augustine of Hippo, Saint: Seminal Christian Theologian 354-430

Aurobindo Ghose: (Sri Aurobindo) Founder of Integral Yoga 1872-1950

Averroës: (Ibn Rushd) Islamic Theologian; Interpreter of Aristotle and Plato 1126-1198

Avicenna: (Ibn Sina) Islamic Philosopher; Synthesizer of Greek Thought 980-1037

Bacon, Francis: Philosopher of Science; Originator of Inductive Method of Scientific Inquiry 1561-1626

Baha' Allah: (Mirza Hoseyn Ali Nuri) Founder of Bahai Religion 1817-1892

Bakunin, Mikhail: Russian Revolutionary; Founder of Modern Anarchy 1814-1876

Barth, Karl: Christian Theologian and Originator of Neo-Orthodoxy; Active Opponent of Hitler 1886-1968

Benedict of Nursia, Saint: Founder of Basic Structure of Western Monasticism c. 480-547

Bentham, Jeremy: English Jurist and Philosopher; Expounder of Utilitarianism 1748-1832

Berkeley, George: Founder of Idealism 1685-1753

Bernadette of Lourdes, Saint (marie Bernarde Soubirous): Roman Catholic Visionary 1844-1879

Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint: Defender of Christianity Against Rationalism 1090-1153

Bihbihani, Aka Sayyid Muhammad Bakir: Influential Shiite Legal Scholar c. 1705-c. 1792

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna: Founder of the Theosophical Movement 1831-1891

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus: Influential Medieval Philosopher; Architect of Scholasticism c. 480-c. 524

Boff, Leonardo: Influential Liberation Theologian 1938-

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich: German Theologian; Influential Nazi Resister 1900-1945

Buber, Martin: Religious Philosopher; Developer of Jewish Existentialism 1878-1965

Buddha: (Siddhartha Gautama) Founder of Buddhism c. 600-c. 400 B.C.E.

Bushnell, Horace: Protestant Theologian; Father of American Religious Liberalism 1802-1876

Calvin, John: Theologian; Leading Protestant Reformer 1509-1564

Channing, William Ellery: Early Unitarian Church Leader 1780-1842

Columba, Saint: Founder of the Influential Christian Community at Iona 521-597

Comte, Auguste: Founder of Sociology 1798-1857

Cone, James Hal: Architect of Black Liberation Theology 1938-

Confucius (k'Ung Ch'Iu): Chinese Philosopher; Founder of Confucianism 551-479 B.C.E.

Cranmer, Thomas: Leader of the English Reformation 1489-1556

Cyril of Alexandria, Saint: Architect of Early Christian Christology c. 375-444

Dalai Lama (tenzin Gyatso): Spiritual Leader of Tibetan Buddhism 1935-

Daly, Mary: Influential Feminist Theologian and Philosopher 1928-

David: Important Biblical Figure; Founder of Jerusalem Tenth Century B.C.E.

Derrida, Jacques: Postmodern French Philosopher; Proponent of Deconstructionism 1930-

Descartes, René: Originator of the Framework of Modern Philosophy 1596-1650

Dewey, John: Father of Progressive Education 1859-1952

Diderot, Denis: Encyclopedist and Major Philosopher of the French Enlightenment 1713-1784

Du Bois, W. E. B.: Black Nationalist Leader; Founder of the NAACP 1868-1963

Durkheim, Émile: Founder of Modern Methods of Sociology 1858-1917

Eddy, Mary Baker: Founder of Christian Science 1821-1910

Einhorn, David: Theologian of Reform Judaism 1809-1879

Elijah: Hebrew Prophet; Monotheist c. 9th Century B.C.E.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo: Pioneer of Transcendentalism 1803-1882

Epictetus: Influential Stoic Philosopher c. 50-c. 135

Epicurus: Founder of Epicurean School of Philosophy 341-270 B.C.E.

Erasmus, Desiderius: Humanist Theologian and Scholar; Christian Proponent of Free Will c.1469-1536

Farabi, Al-: First Theologian to Relate Islamic Theology to Greek Philosophy c. 878-c. 950

Fatimah Bint Muhammad: Daughter of Muhammad; Matriarch of the Shiite Sect c. 610-633

Fa-Tsang: Systematizer of Huayan School of Chinese Buddhism 643-712

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb: Philosopher of Transcendental Idealism 1762-1814

Fortune, Dion: Founder of the Society of the Inner Light 1890-1946

Foucault, Michel: Wide-ranging Twentieth-Century Philosopher 1926-1984

Fox, George: Founder of the Quakers 1624-1691

Francis of Assisi, Saint: Founder of the Franciscan Order of Friars c. 1181-1226

Gadamer, Hans-Georg: Philosopher of Hermeneutics 1900-

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (mahatma): Father of Indian Independence; Leading Advocate of Nonviolent Protest 1869-1948

Garrison, William Lloyd: Leader of Abolitionist Movement 1805-1879

Garvey, Marcus: Founder and Leader of the Black Nationalist Movement 1887-1940

Ghazali, Al-: Influential Islamic Theologian and Mystic 1058-1111

Gladden, Solomon Washington: Protestant Leader of Social Gospel Movement 1836-1918

Gobind Singh: Founder of Khalsa Sect of Sikhism 1666-1708

Gregory I, Pope: Early Pope and Church Reformer c. 540-604

Gutiérrez, Gustavo: Originator of Latin American Liberation Theology 1928-

Hallaj, Al: Founder of the Sufi Halladjiyya Sect c. 858-922

Han-Fei-Tzu: Major Scholar of Chinese Legalist School c. 280-c. 233 B.C.E.

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: Pioneer of Dialectical Historical Method 1770-1831

Heidegger, Martin: Influential Twentieth-Century Existential Philosopher 1889-1976

Herodotus: Father of European History c. 484--c. 425 B.C.E.

Heschel, Abraham Joshua: Influential Jewish Theologian and Social Activist 1907-1972

Hildegard Von Bingen, Saint: Major Figure in Medieval Mystical Tradition 1098-1179

Hsün-Tzu: Influential Confucian Moral Philosopher c. 300--c. 230 B.C.E.

Hubbard, L. Ron: Founder of the Church of Scientology 1911-1986

Hume, David: Major Enlightenment Philosopher; Critic of Empiricism 1711-1776

Hus, Jan: Czech Reformer of the Christian Church 1372-1415

Husserl, Edmund: Philosopher and Founder of Phenomenology 1859-1938

Ignatius of Loyola, Saint: Founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 1491-1556

Israel Ben Eliezer: (Ba'al Shem Tov) Founder of the Jewish Hasidic Movement c. 1700-1760

James, William: Preeminent American Psychologist; Philosophical Pragmatist 1842-1910

Jefferson, Thomas: Principal Author of the U.S. Declaration of Independence 1743-1826

Jeremiah: Biblical Prophet Influential in Diaspora Judaism c. 645--c. 570 B.C.E.

Jerome, Saint: Christian Theologian; Translator of the Bible into Latin c. 347-419/20

Jesus: Teacher, Healer, and Savior of the Christian Tradition c. 4 B.C.E.--c. 30 C.E.

Joan of Arc, Saint: National Heroine and Patron Saint of France c.1412-1431

John Xxiii, Pope: (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) Pope and Modern Reformer of the Roman Catholic Church 1881-1963

John Paul Ii, Pope: (Karol Wojtyla) Influential Roman Catholic Pope 1920-

Junayd, Abu Al- Qasim, Al-: Architect of the First Theoretical Foundations of Sufism c. 825-c. 910

Kant, Immanuel: Leading Enlightenment Philosopher 1724-1804

Kaplan, Mordecai Menahem: American-Jewish Theologian; Founder of Reconstructionist Judaism 1881-1983

Keynes, John Maynard: Influential Political Economist; Advocate of Government Intervention in Economic Affairs 1883-1946

Khaldun, Ibn: Originator of the Sociological Approach to History 1332-1406

Khomeini, Ruhollah: Influential Twentieth-Century Islamic Leader c.1900-1989

Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye: Influential Existentialist Philosopher 1813-1855

Kindi, Yaqub Ibn: Ishaq as-Sabah, al- Islamic Philosopher and Synthesizer of Greek Thought c.800-c.873

King, Martin Luther, Jr.: Preeminent Civil Rights Leader 1929-1968

Lao-Tzu: Founder of Taoism c. 570-490 B.C.E.

Lee, Ann (mother Ann): Founder and Spiritual Leader of the Shakers 1736-1784

Locke, John: Architect of Classical Political Liberalism 1632-1704

Luther, Martin: Principal Figure in the Protestant Reformation 1483-1546

Machiavelli,: Niccolò Founder of Modern Political Science 1469-1527

Madhva: Founder of Hindu School of Dvaita Vedanta c.1199-c.1278

Madison, James: Principal Architect of the United States Constitution 1751-1836

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Founder of Transcendental Meditation 1911 (?)--

Mahavira (vardhamana): Founder of Jainism c.599-c.527 B.C.E.

Macolm X: (Malcolm Little) Militant Black Activist; Minister of the Nation of Islam 1925-1965

Mani (manes; Manichaeus): Founder of Manichaeism 216-c. 274

Mann, Horace: Educational Philosopher and Reformer; Advocate of Free Public Schools 1796-1859

Marcion: Influential Early Christian Heretic 1st-2nd Century C.E.

Marcus Aurelius: Roman Emperor; Stoic "Philosopher-King" 121-180

Marx, Karl: Originator of Marxism 1818-1883

Mary: Mother of Jesus; Object of Catholic Veneration 1t Century B.C.E.-1t Century C.E.

Matta Ibn Yunus: Early Arabic Commentator on Aristotle d. 940

Melanchthon, Philipp: Humanist and Reformation Theologian; Author of Influential Lutheran Documents 1497-1560

Mencius (meng K'O): Confucian Moral Philosopher and Interpreter c. 371-c. 289 B.C.E.

Mill, John Stuart: Pioneer of Utilitarianism 1806-1873

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem De: Influential French Philosopher and Essayist 1533-1592

Montesquieu, Baron De La Brède Et De: (Charles Louis de Secondat) Originator of the Theory of the Separation of Powers 1689-1755

Montessori, Maria: Educational Philosopher; Originator of the Montessori Method 1870-1952

Moon, Sun Myung: Evangelist and Founder of the Unification Church 1920-

More, Sir Thomas, Saint: Author of Utopia; Defender of the Roman Catholic Faith 1477-1535

Moses: First Leader and Lawgiver of the Ancient Israelites c. 13th century B.C.E.

Moses Ben Maimon (maimonides): Medieval Jewish Philosopher; Codifier of Jewish Law 1135-1204

Muhammad: Prophet and Founder of Islam c. 570-632

Muhammad, Elijah: (Elijah Poole) Leader of the Nation of Islam 1897-1975

Nanak: Founder of Sikhism 1469-1539

Niebuhr, Reinhold: Political Theologian; Advocate of Christian Political Activism 1892-1971

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm: Influential Philosopher and Critic of Judeo-Christian Tradition 1844-1900

Origen: (Oregenes Adamantius) Synthesizer of Early Christian Theology c. 185-c. 255

Palmer, Phoebe Worrall: Founder of the Holiness Movement 1807-1874

Parham, Charles Fox: Founder of American Pentecostalism 1873-1929

Pascal, Blaise: Influential Mathematician, Theologian, and Philosopher of Science 1623-1662

Patañjali: Traditional Author of the Yoga-Sutras c. 220 B.C.E. to c. 400 C.E.

Patrick, Saint: Patron Saint and National Apostle of Ireland c. 390-c. 461

Paul (saul of Tarsus): Influential Early Christian Thinker and Missionary c. 5 B.C.E.--c. 64 C.E.

Peirce, Charles Sanders: Founder of Pragmatism 1839-1914

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich: Influential Educational Philosopher and Reformer 1746-1827

Philo Judaeus (philo of Alexandria): Hellenistic Interpreter of Jewish Law c. 20 B.C.E.-c. 50 C.E.

Piaget, Jean: Pioneer of Developmental Child Psychology 1896-1980

Plato: Influential Greek Philosopher c. 428-c. 347 B.C.E.

Pythagoras: Pre-Socratic Philosopher of Mathematical Realism c. 580-c. 500 B.C.E.

Rabi'Ah Al'Adawiyah: Architect of Sufi Asceticism c. 717-801

Ramakrishna: (Gadadhar Chatterji) Hindu Mystic Reformer c. 1835-1886

Ramanuja: Founder of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta c. 1017-1137 (traditionally)

Rauschenbusch, Walter: Leader of the Social Gospel Movement 1861-1918

Reid, Thomas: Founder of the Philosophical School of Common Sense 1710-1796

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Political Philosopher; Developer of the Social Contract Theory 1712-1778

Roy, Ram Mohun: Reformer of Hinduism; Founder of Brahmo Samaj 1772-1833

Russell, Bertrand: Influential Twentieth-Century Philosopher; Founder of Logicism 1872-1970

Russell, Charles Taze: Founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses 1852-1916

Sartre, Jean-Paul: Preeminent Twentieth-Century Existentialist 1905-1980

Savonarola, Girolamo: Italian Church Reformer; Millenarian Prophet 1452-1498

Schneerson, Menachem Mendel: Head of the Habad-Lubavitch Sect of Hasidic Judaism 1902-1994

Schopenhauer, Arthur: Exponent of the Metaphysical Doctrine of the Will 1788-1860

Seton, Elizabeth Ann, Saint: First American-Born Saint; Founder of the Sisters of Charity 1774-1821

Shafi'I, Abu 'Abd Allah, Ash-: Preeminent Islamic Legal Scholar 767-820

Shang Yang: (Kung-sun Yang) Chinese Philosopher of Legalist School c. 390-338 B.C.E.

Shankara: Founder of Advaita Vedanta Hinduism c. 700-c. 750

Smith, Adam: Philosopher and Political Economist; Originator of Modern Liberal Economic Theory 1723-1790

Smith, Joseph: Founder of the Mormon Church 1805-1844

Socrates of Athens: First Greek Philosopher of the Western Tradition; Developer of Socratic Method c. 469-399 B.C.E.

Spinoza, Benedict De: First Philosophical Defender of Democracy 1632-1677

Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Prominent Abolition ist; Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin 1811-1896

Strong, Josiah: Promoter of the Social Gospel; Leader of the Ecumenical Movement 1847-1916

Teresa, Mother: (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu) Founder of the Order of the Missionary Sisters of Charity 1910-1997

Teresa of Ávila, Saint: Christian Mystic; Founder of the Order of Barefoot Carmelites 1515-1582

Thales of Miletus: Originator of the Foundations of Greek Philosophy and Science c. 624--c. 546 B.C.E.

Thomas Aquinas, Saint: Christian Theologian; Synthesizer of Faith and Reason c. 1224-1274

Thoreau, Henry David: Leading Transcendentalist Philosopher 1817-1862

Tillich, Paul: Theologian and Philosopher; Reconciler of Christian Thought with Modern Culture 1886-1965

Torquemada, Tomás De: First Grand Inquisitor of Spanish Inquisition 1420-1498

Tutu, Desmond: Anglican Archbishop of South Africa; Fighter Against Apartheid 1931-

Urban Ii, Pope: (Odo of Lagery) Initiator of the Crusades c. 1035-1099

Vivekananda: (Narendranath Datta or Dutt) Promoter of Hinduism in Western Society 1863-1902

Voltaire: (FraņE7ois-Marie Arouet) Leading Philosopher of the French Enlightenment 1694-1778

Washington, Booker Taliaferro: Influential Educator and Spokesperson for African Americans 1856-1915

Wesley, John: Anglican Clergyman; Founder of Methodism 1703-1791

White, Ellen Gould: Founder and Spiritual Leader of the Seventh-Day Adventists 1827-1915

Wise, Isaac Mayer: Founder of American Reform Judaism 1819-1900

Wittgenstein, Ludwig: Major Philosopher of the Twentieth Century 1889-1951

Wovoka: Native American Religious Leader; Leader of Ghost Dance Movement c.1856-1932

Wycliffe, John: English Church Reformer; Forerunner of the Protestant Reformation c. 1330-1384

Young, Brigham: Early Influential Mormon Leader 1801-1877

Zeno of Citium: Founder of Stoic Philosophy c. 335-c. 263 B.C.E.

Zoroaster (zarathustra) Founder of Zoroastrianism C. 1000 B.C.E.

Appendices, Bibliography, and Index

APPENDIX, ONE:: Highlights in the History of Philosophy and Religion

APPENDIX TWO:: Geographic Listing of Biographies

APPENDIX THREE:: Chronological Listing of Biographies

APPENDIX FOUR:: Alphabetical Listing of Biographies

Bibliography

Index
7.

Self-Construction and the Formation of Human Values: Truth, Language, and Desire ("Epictetus" begins on p. 87)
by Teodros Kiros. 205 pgs.

Book

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This volume presents a theoretical defense of the potential of ordinary individuals to construct values and through them to become self-empowering, responsible participants in a democratic community. Rather than conceiving of power as domination, the author identifies true power as self-empowerment, a notion based on self-construction. He proposes the vision of an authentically free self filled with a compassion that is a composite of reason and feeling. Such a composite self does not consciously manipulate language, truth, and desire to dominate and subordinate other individuals, but uses them to construct values and norms that can enrich others. To support his argument the author draws on both classical and contemporary philosophers, as well as on literary sources.

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Title Page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1: The Analysis of Power: Foucault and Habermas

2: Self-Construction and the Formation of Values That Empower

NOTES

3: Self Construction and the Desiring Subject: Power and Domination

4: Self-Empowerment and Self-Construction: Power in the American Pragmatic Tradition

5: Conclusion

Bibliography

Index
8.

Hellenistic Philosophies (Chap. IV "Epictetus")
by Paul Elmer More. 385 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

The Greek Tradition

Contents

Chapter I Aristippus

Chapter II Epicuru's

Chapter III Cynics and Stoics

Chapter IV Epictetus

Chapter V Plotinus

Chapter VI Diogenes of Sinope

Chapter VII Scepticism

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D
9.

The Mission of Greece: Some Greek Views of Life in the Roman World (Chap. IV "The Stoics: Epictetus")
by R. W. Livingstone. 306 pgs.

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Title Page

PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

I: INTRODUCTION

II: EPICURUS

III: THE CYNICS

Iv The Stoics: Epictetus

V: THE STOICS: MARCUS AURELIUS

VI: A PHILOSOPHIC MISSIONARY DION CHRYSOSTOM

VII: PLUTARCH

VIII: A POPULAR PREACHER: MAXIMUS TYRIUS

IX: A THEOSOPHIST: APOLLONIUS OF TYANA

X: THE SOPHISTS: POLEMON AND HERODES ATTICUS

XI: A PRINCE OF NEUROTICS: AELIUS ARISTIDES

XII: LUCIAN

EPILOGUE
10.

Ethics: The Study of Moral Values (1960) ("Epictetus: Discourses" begins on p. 71)
by Mortimer J. Adler, Seymour Cain. 320 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

A Note on Reference Style

The Reading List

First Reading

Second Reading

Third Reading

Fourth Reading

Fifth Reading

Guide to Fifth Reading

Sixth Reading

Seventh Reading

Eighth Reading

Ninth Reading

Tenth Reading

Eleventh Reading

Twelfth Reading

Thirteenth Reading

Fourteenth Reading

Fifteenth Reading

Additional Readings
11.

Ethics and Human Action in Early Stoicism (Discussion of Epictetus begins on p. 115)
by Brad Inwood. 350 pgs.

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This book reconstructs in detail the older Stoic theory of the psychology of action, discussing it in relation to Aristotelian, Epicurean, Platonic, and some of the more influential modern theories. Important Greek terms are transliterated and explained; no knowledge of Greek is required.

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Title Page

Acknowledgements

Contents

Abbreviations

Introduction

Part I

Chapter 1 the Aristotelian Background

Chapter 2 Human Nature and the Rational Soul1

Chapter 3 the Psychology of Action

Part II

Chapter 4 Applications to Ethics

Chapter 5 the Passions

Chapter 6 Moral Evolution

Conclusion

Appendix 1 Primariness in the Old Stoa

Appendix 2 the Kinds of Impulse

Appendix 3 Hormê in Plato, Aristotle, and the Magna Moralia

Appendix 4 the Term Kath' Hormên1

Notes

Bibliography

Selective Index of Subjects and Terms

Selective Index of Philosophers
12.

A History of Cynicism from Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D. (1937) (Discussion of Epictetus begins on p. 190)
by Donald R. Dudley. 224 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

Introduction

Chapter I: Antisthenes. No Direct Connexion with Cynics. His Ethics

Notes to Chapter I

Chapter II: Diogenes and His Associates

Notes to Chapter II

Chapter III: Cynicism in the Third Century B.C.

Notes to Chapter III

Chapter IV: Cynicism and the Philosophical Schools in the Third Century

Notes to Chapter IV

Chapter V: Cynic Influence on Hellenistic Literature

Note to Chapter V

Chapter VI: Cynicism in the Second and First Centuries B.C.

Chapter VII: Demetrius. the 'Philosophic Opposition' in the First Century A.D.

Note to Chapter VII

Chapter VIII: Cynicism in the Second Century A.D.

Notes to Chapter VIII

Chapter IX: Cynicism and the Philosophic Schools in the First and Second Centuries A.D.

Chapter X: Cynicism from the Third to the Sixth Centuries A.D.

Epilogue

Appendix I

Appendix II

Appendix III: Texts Relating to Hipparc

Index
13.

The Suffering Self: Pain and Narrative Representation in Early Christian Era (Discussion of Epictetus begins on p. 77)
by Judith Perkins. 254 pgs.

Book

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The Suffering Self is a ground-breaking, interdisciplinary study of the spread of Christianity across the Roman empire. Judith Perkins shows how Christian narrative representation in the early empire worked to create a new kind of human self-understanding - the perception of the self as sufferer. Drawing on feminist and social theory, she addresses the question of why forms of suffering like martyrdom and self-mutilation were so important to early Christians.This study crosses the boundaries between ancient history and the study of early Christianity, seeing Christian representation in the context of the Greco-Roman world. She draws parallels with suffering heroines in Greek novels and in martyr acts and examines representations in medical and philosophical texts.Judith Perkins' controversial study is important reading for all those interested in ancient society, or in the history 'f Christianity.

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Contents

Permissions

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1: Death as a Happy Ending

2: Marriages as Happy Endings

3: Pain Without Effect

4: Suffering and Power

5: Healing and Power

6: The Sick Self

7: Ideology, Not Pathology

8: Saints’ Lives

Notes

Bibliography

Index
14.

The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics (Includes discussion of Epictetus in multiple chapters)
by Brad Inwood. 438 pgs.

Book

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This volume offers an odyssey through the ideas of the Stoics in three ways: through the historical trajectory of the school itself and its influence; the recovery of the history of Stoic thought; and finally, the ongoing confrontation with Stoicism. The study demonstrates how Stoicism refines philosophical traditions, challenges the imagination, and ultimately defines the kind of life one chooses to lead. Advanced students and specialists will discover a conspectus of developments in this interpretation of the Stoics and new readers will be drawn to its accessibility.

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Title Page

Other Volumes in the Series of Cambridge Comapnions

Contents

Contributors

Introduction: Stoicism, an Intellectual Odyssey

1: The School, from Zeno to Arius Didymus

2: The School in the Roman Imperial Period

3: Stoic Epistemology

4: Logic

5: Stoic Natural Philosophy (Physics and Cosmology)

6: Stoic Theology

7: Stoic Determinism

8: Stoic Metaphysics.

9: Stoic Ethics

10: Stoic Moral Psychology

11: Stoicism and Medicine

12: The Stoic Contribution to Traditional Grammar

13: The Stoics and the Astronomical Sciences

14: Stoic Naturalism and Its Critics

15: Stoicism in the Philosophical Tradition: Spinoza, Lipsius, Butler

Bibliography

List of Primary Works

General Index

Passages Index

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