Read complete books and articles on: IMF (International Monetary Fund)

International Monetary Fund - (IMF), specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945. It was planned at the Bretton Woods Conference (1944), and its headquarters are in Washington, D.C. There is close collaboration between it and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The organization, using a fund subscribed by the member nations, purchases foreign currencies on application from its members so as to discharge international indebtedness and stabilize exchange rates. The IMF currency reserve units are called Special Drawing Rights (SDRs); from 1974 to 1980 the value of SDRs was based on the currencies of 16 leading trading nations. Since 1980 it has been reevaluated every five years, based on the currencies of the five largest exporting nations (from 1990 to 2000, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, and the United States). To facilitate international trade and reduce inequities in exchange, the fund has limited power to set the par value of currencies. Members are provided with technical assistance in making monetary transactions. In 1995 the fund moved to increase disclosure requirements of countries borrowing money and at the same time created an emergency bailout fund for countries in financial crisis. IMF was criticized in 1998 for exacerbating the Asian financial crisis, through the fund's decision to require Asian nations to raise their interest rates to record levels. The fund is ruled by a board of governors, with one representative from each nation. The board of governors elects an executive board of some 20 representatives to conduct regular operations. There are 184 members in the IMF.

See studies by H. G. Grubel (1970), T. Agmon et al., ed. (1984); R. D. Hormats (1987), and T. Ferguson(1988).

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16 of the Best Books and Articles on: IMF (International Monetary Fund)

as selected by Questia librarians

1.

Economic Assistance to Developing Countries through the IMF » Read Now
by Richard Goode. 62 pgs.

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...establish the International Monetary Fund IMF to promote international monetary cooperation...Monetary Fund, "World Economic Outlook", IMF Occasional Paper 27 IMF, 1984...
2.

The International Monetary Fund and Strengthening the Architecture of the International Monetary System, in Law and Policy in International Business » Read Now
by Ross B. Leckow. 14 pgs.

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...Fund (visited Mar. 15, 1998) imf.org/external/pubs/ft/aa/aa04.htm...16, 1998) (visited Feb. 25, 1999) imf.org/external/np/cm/1998/041698A.htm...Sept. 3, 1998), available at...
3.

The International Monetary Fund and the Global Spread of Privatization, in IMF Staff Papers » Read Now
by Nancy Brune, Geoffrey Garrett, Bruce Kogut. 25 pgs.

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...financial institutions, both the IMF and World Bank, on privatization...Occasional Paper No. 194 (Washington: International Monetary Fund). Dewenter, Kathryn, and...
4.

Bretton Woods -- Original Intentions and Current Problems, in Contemporary Economic Policy » Read Now
by Raymond F. Mikesell. 11 pgs.

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...objectives. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have not performed...the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank -- have in recent...
5.

Bretton Woods and the UN System, in The Ecumenical Review » Read Now
by Hans W. Singer. 4 pgs.

Collections: Religious Studies, Entire Library

...Bretton Woods institutions - the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank - derive their name from the small village...memorandum which ultimately led to the...
6.

Fixing the IMF, in The National Interest » Read Now
by Charles W. Calomiris, Allan H. Meltzer. 9 pgs.

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...Meltzer The future role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is today in doubt. Former Treasury Secretaries George Shultz...market or to central banks in hard currency...
7.

The IMF at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century: Can We Establish a Humanized Globalization?, in Global Governance » Read Now
by Michel Camdessus. 8 pgs.

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...the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in Prague...I supported before leaving the IMF would respond to this problem...Camdessus was managing director of...
8.

The IMF: A Cure or a Curse, in Foreign Policy » Read Now
by Devesh Kapur. 16 pgs.

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...1996, an International Monetary Fund (IMF) publication reporting on an IMF-sponsored...Asia crisis, see Stanley Fischers "The IMF and the Asian Crisis" (Forum Funds...
9.

The IMF: Not Perfect, But Essential, in Brookings Review » Read Now
by Robert D. Hormats. 2 pgs.

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...The IMF: not perfect, but essential by Robert D. Hormats The International...should be--in Congress, in the administration, and in the IMF itself. If the IMF is going to do...
10.

The Chastening: Inside the Crisis That Rocked the Global Financial System and Humbled the IMF » Read Now
by Paul Blustein. 409 pgs.

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A staff writer at "The Washington Post" presents the breathtaking, behind-the-scenes story of the nearly disastrous global financial crisis of the late 1990s and how the International Monetary Fund tried--and failed--to stem it.
11.

Lending Credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the Post-communist Transition » Read Now
by Randall W. Stone. 283 pgs.

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With the end of the Cold War, the International Monetary Fund emerged as the most powerful international institution in history. But how much influence can the IMF exert over fiercely contested issues in domestic politics that affect the lives of millions? In Lending Credibility, Randall Stone...
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With the end of the Cold War, the International Monetary Fund emerged as the most powerful international institution in history. But how much influence can the IMF exert over fiercely contested issues in domestic politics that affect the lives of millions? In Lending Credibility, Randall Stone develops the first systematic approach to answering this question. Deploying an arsenal of methods from a range of social sciences rarely combined, he mounts a forceful challenge to conventional wisdom. Focusing on the former Soviet bloc, Stone finds that the IMF is neither as powerful as some critics fear, nor as weak as others believe, but that the answer hinges on the complex factor of how much credibility it can muster from country to country.Stone begins by building a formal, game-theoretic model of lending credibility, which he then subjects to sophisticated quantitative testing on original data from twenty-six countries over the 1990s. Next come detailed, interview-based case studies on negotiations between the IMF and Russia, Ukraine, Poland, and Bulgaria. Stone asserts that the IMF has exerted startling influence over economic policy in smaller countries, such as Poland and Bulgaria. However, where U.S. foreign policy interests come more heavily into play, as in Russia, the IMF cannot credibly commit to enforcing the loans-for-policy contract. This erodes its ability to facilitate enduring market reforms. Stone's context is the postcommunist transition in Europe and Asia, but his findings carry implications for IMF activities the world over.
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12.

50 Years Is Enough: The Case against the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund » Read Now
by Kevin Danaher. 210 pgs.

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...The International Monetary Fund IMF was established to smooth world commerce...and the International Monetary Fund IMF , these institutions keep insisting that...by the...
13.

The IMF and Global Financial Crises, in Challenge » Read Now
by Joseph Joyce. 20 pgs.

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...how to reform the fund. THE International Monetary Fund (IMF) played a crucial role in many of the epochal events of the...Aspects of the Design of Fund-Supported...
14.

Why the Interest in Reforming the International Monetary System?, in New England Economic Review » Read Now
by Jane Sneddon Little, Giovanni P. Olivei. 32 pgs.

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...example, International Monetary Fund (IMF) members have set up a Supplemental Reserve...Market Contagion in the Asian Crisis." IMF Working Paper WP/98/155...
15.

Unelected Government: Making the IMF and the World Bank More Accountable, in Brookings Review » Read Now
by Ngaire Woods. 4 pgs.

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...Unelected government: making the IMF and the World Bank more accountable...has thus become more critical. The IMF and the World Bank were established after...they do but...
16.

The IMF & Good Governance, in Foreign Policy in Focus » Read Now
by Carol Welch. 1 pgs.

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...by Carol Welch Both the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created in 1944. Originally the World...role: lending to countries on the brink of...