Robert Rescorla

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Robert Rescorla

1.

Handbook of Contemporary Learning Theories (Chap. 4 "Experimental Extinction" by Robert Rescorla)
by Robert R. Mowrer, Stephen B. Klein. 624 pgs.

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Mowrer and Klein have long been making contributions to the field of contemporary learning theories. Their first two-volume set included chapters authored by many of the leading researchers in the field of animal learning and focused primarily on Pavlovian theory and instrumental conditioning. These impartial texts were an important addition to the field and remain widely cited. Over the last decade research on the nature of the learning process has evolved considerably. The research in this new volume represents the cutting-edge contributions of first rate authors and co-authors. These 14 chapters deal with the theoretical perspectives concerning the nature of the learning process, as well as the innovative research that supports these positions. This text is bound to be invaluable to both students and faculty of psychology and related disciplines, as well as to outside scholars. Key features include: * an introductory chapter describing general theories of learning and the causes of the shift to more specific, contemporary theories; * five chapters detailing the research and theories of the nature of Pavlovian Conditioning; * four chapters dealing with the current thinking and research on the nature of instrumental operant conditioning; * three chapters describing the link between learning and physiology; and * a concluding chapter detailing the application of learning theory to abnormal psychology.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 the Transitive Nature of Contemporary Learning Theory

References

Chapter 2 a Componential Theory of Pavlovian Conditioning

References

Chapter 3 the Extended Comparator Hypothesis:: Learning by Contiguity, Responding by Relative Strength

References

Chapter 4 Experimental Extinction

References

Chapter 5 Motivational Modes in Behavior Systems

References

Chapter 6 Theories of Conditioning and Timing

References

Chapter 7 Contingency Learning and Causal Reasoning

Acknowledgments

㉞a References

Chapter 8 Incentive Processes in Instrumental Conditioning

▮ References

Chapter 9 Perceptual Learning: Association and Differentiation

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Chapter 10 Autoshaping and Drug-Taking

Conclusion

References

Chapter11 Neurobiology of Reinforcement:: Interaction Between Dopamine and Cholecystokinin Systems

References

Chapter 12 Effects of Uncontrollable Aversive Events: Some Unsolved Puzzles

References

Chapter 13 the Attenuating Effects of Drug Preexposure on Taste Aversion Conditioning: Generality, Experimental Parameters, Underlying Mechanisms, and Implications for Drug Use and Abuse

References

Chapter 14 the Neurotic Paradox: Attempts by Two-Factor Fear Theory and Alternative Avoidance Models to Resolve the Issues Associated with Sustained Avoidance Responding in Extinction

References

Author Index

Subject Index
2.

Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation: A Memorial Volume to Jerzy Konorski (Chap. 4 "Conditioned Inhibition and Extinction" by Robert Rescorla)
by Anthony Dickinson, Robert A. Boakes. 468 pgs.

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Title Page

List of Contributors

Contents

Preface

1: Jerzy Konorski And Western Psychology

References

References

2: Classical Conditioning as The Formation of Interstimulus Associations: Stimulus Substitution, Parasitic Reinforcement, and Autoshaping

References

References

3: Habituation and Memory

References

References

4: Conditioned Inhibition And Extinction

References

References

5: Brain Processes And Conditioning

Acknowledgments

References

6: Instrumental (type Ii) Conditioning

References

7: Motivational Processes

References

8: Appetitive-Aversive Interactions And Inhibitory Processes

References

9: Interactions Between Type I And Type II Processes Involving Positive Reinforcement

References

References

10: Extinction, Inhibition, And Differentiation Learning

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment

11: Brain Mechanisms In the Inhibition Of Behavior

References

References

13: The Study of Association: Methodology and Basic Phenomena

References

References

References

Acknowledgments

15: Constraints on Conditioning In the Writings of Konorski

References

16: Cognitive Processes In Conditioning

Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index
3.

Context and Learning (Chap. 2 "Contextual Learning in Pavlovian Conditioning" by Rescorla, Durlach, and Grau)
by Peter D. Balsam, Arthur Tomie. 419 pgs.

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Title Page

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1: The Functions of Context in Learning and Performance

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2: Contextual Learning in Pavlovian Conditioning

REFERENCES

3: Effects of Context on the Acquisition of Autoshaping to a Formerly Random Keylight or a Formerly Contextual Keylight

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

4: Some Effects of Contextual Conditioning and US Predictability on Pavlovian Conditioning

REFERENCES

5: Contextual Stimuli Mediate the Effects of Pre- and Postexposure to the Unconditioned Stimulus on Conditioned Suppression

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

6: Contexts, Event-Memories, and Extinction

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

7: The Several Roles of Context at the Time of Retrieval

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

8: Contextual Control and Excitatory Versus Inhibitory Learning: Studies of Extinction, Reinstatement, and Interference

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9: Contextual Control of Taste Aversion Conditioning and Extinction

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

10: Pitch Context and Pitch Discrimination by Birds

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

11: Contextual Stimulus Control of Operant Responding in Pigeons

REFERENCES

12: Cue-Context Interactions in Discrimination, Categorization, and Memory

REFERENCES

13: Contextual Stimulus Effects of Drugs and Internal States

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

14: Cognitive Maps and Environmental Context

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Author Index

Subject Index
4.

Affect, Conditioning, and Cognition: Essays on the Determinants of Behavior
by F. Robert Brush, J. Bruce Overmier. 390 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

I a Retrospective Appreciation of Richard L. Solomon

1: Perspectives on the Psychology of Richard L. Solomon

References

Appendix A

Appendix B Students of Richard L. Solomon and Their Dissertation Titles

Ii the Role and Properties of Fear and Aversion

2: Genetic Determinants of Avoidance Learning: Mediation by Emotionality?

3: Fearful Memories: The Motivational Significance of Forgetting

The Frightful Complexity of the Origins of Fears

Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

5: Development of a New Clinical Procedure for Conditioning Aversions to Cigarette Smoking with Perceptually Induced Nausea

5: Development of a New Clinical Procedure for Conditioning Aversions to Cigarette Smoking with Perceptually Induced Nausea

Iii Integration of Information

6: Reasoning in the Rat Reconsidered

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

7: Pavlovian Conditioning Analogues to Gestalt Perceptual Principles

7: Pavlovian Conditioning Analogues to Gestalt Perceptual Principles

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

References

8: The Effect of Context Upon Responses to Conditioned Inhibitors

References

Acknowledgments

9: An Empirical Legacy of Two- Process Theory: Two-Term Versus Three-Term Relations

Acknowledgments

References

10: Approaches to the Study of Behavior: Examples from Behavioral Pharmacology

References

D. Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Iv Learned Helplessness

11: Stressor Controllability, Immune Function, and Endogenous Opiates

12: Tumor Rejection and Early Experience of Uncontrollable Shock in the Rat

13: Toward a Reanalysis of the Causal Structure of the Learned Helplessness Syndrome

Acknowledgement

References

14: The Judgment of Predictability in Depressed and Nondepressed College Students

Acknowledgment

References

V Opponent Process Theory

15: Growth of Morphine Tolerance: The Effect of Dose and Interval Between Doses

References

Acknowledgment

16: An Application of Opponent- Process Theory to Adjunctive Behavior

Acknowledgement

References

17: A Two-State Model of Reinforcer-Induced Motivation

Summary and Conclusions

References

Acknowledgment

18: Feeding the Face: New Directions in Adjunctive Behavior Research

Vi Extensions to Human and Cultural Issues

19: Organizational Culture: Skill, Defense Mechanism, or Addiction?

19: Organizational Culture: Skill, Defense Mechanism, or Addiction?

Conclusion

References

20: What Happens to Children When They Act Aggressively in Six Cultures

21: Alexis De Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill, and Developmental Psychology

22: Volition is a Nag

Author Index

Subject Index
5.

Information Processing in Animals: Memory Mechanisms (Chap. 3 "Within-Event Learning In Pavlovian Conditioning" by Rescorla and Durlach)
by Norman E. Spear, Ralph R. Miller. 392 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Prologue

REFERENCES

1: SOP: A Model of Automatic Memory Processing in Animal Behavior

CONCLUDING COMMENTS

REFERENCE NOTES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2: Differences in Adaptiveness Between Classically Conditioned Responses and Instrumentally Acquired Responses

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

3: Within-Event Learning In Pavlovian Conditioning

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

4: Long-Delay Conditioning and Instrumental Learning: Some New Findings

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

5: Actions and Habits: Variations in Associative Representations During Instrumental Learning

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

6: Working Memory and the Temporal Map

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

SUMMARY

7: Directed Forgetting in Animals

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

8: Short-term Memory In the Pigeon

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9: Studies of Long-Term Memory in the Pigeon

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

10: Postacquisition Modifications of Memory

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

11: Mechanisms of Cue-Induced Retention Enhancement

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

12: Extending the Domain Of Memory Retrieval

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
6.

Pavlov in the Classroom: An Interview With Robert A. Rescorla, in Teaching of Psychology
by James E. Freeman. 4 pgs.

Journal Article
7.

Contemporary Learning Theories ("The Rescorla-Wagner Model" begins on p. 21)
by Stephen B. Klein, Robert R. Mowrer. 322 pgs.

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Contents

Contemporary Learning Theories: Instrumental Conditioning Theory And the Impact of Biological Constraints on Learning

Preface

Contributors

I Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

1: Traditional Learning Theory and the Transition to Contemporary Learning Theory

2: Learning and Performance in Pavlovian Conditioning: Are Failures of Contiguity Failures of Learning Or Performance?

3: Contingency and Relative Associative Strength

4: Attention, Retrospective Processing and Cognitive Representations

5: Perceptual and Associative Learning

6: Evolution of a Structured Connectionist Model of Pavlovian Conditioning (AESOP)

7: Sign-Tracking: The Search for Reward

II Current Status of Traditional Learning Theory

8: The Case for a Return to a Two-Factor Theory of Avoidance: The Failure of Non-Fear Interpretations

9: Expectancy Theory in Animal Conditioning

Author Index

Subject Index
8.

The Legacy of Solomon Asch: Essays in Cognition and Social Psychology (Chap. 10 "Associative Learning in Animals: Asch's Influence" by Robert Rescorla)
by Irvin Rock , Asch Solomon. 305 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Preface

I: Biography

1: On Solomon Asch

References

II: Social Psychology

2: Politeness Theory: Exemplar and Exemplary

References

3: Asch's Moral Epistemology for Socially Shared Knowledge

References

Comments on D. T. Campbell's Chapter

4: The Role of Evaluation in Impressions of Persons

References

5: Recognizing the Role of Construal Processes

References

6: Social and Moral Aspects of Food and Eating

References

III: Cognition

7: Perceptual Organization Affects Both the Learning and Integration of Object Properties

References

8: Some Reflections on Drama and the Dramatic Experience

9: The Cooperative Synthesis of Disparate Points of View

References

10: Associative Learning in Animals: Asch's Influence

References

11: Say, That Reminds Me!" a Study of Spontaneous Recall"

References

12: Aspects of Narrative Thinking

References

IV: Perception

13: Developments in the Gestalt Theory of Lightness Perception

References

14: Metamorphosis from Rod and Frame to Visual-Vestibular Interaction

References

15: The Frame of Reference

References

V: Gestalt Psychology

16: The Vanishing World and Köhler's Inkwell

References

17: Some Neo-Gestalt Psychologies and Their Relation to Gestalt Psychology

References

The Publications Of Solomon E. Asch

Author Index

Subject Index
9.

Basic Processes of Learning, Cognition, and Motivation ("The Rescorla-Wagner Model" begins on p. 158)
by Stephen M. Cormier. 462 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Preface

Section I: The Theoretical Argument

Chapter 1: The Theoretical Approach

Chapter 2: Outline of the Theory

Section II: The Information Processing Mechanism: General Processes

Chapter 3: Stimulus Analyzing Processes

Chapter 4: Response Processes

Chapter 5: Motivational Processes

Section III: The Behavioral Analysis Division of the IPM

Chapter 6: The Reinforcer and Habituative Systems: Theory and Definitions

Chapter 7: Habituative Processes

Chapter 8: Affective Properties of Cues

Chapter 9: Stimulus Selection

Chapter 10: Behavior on Reinforcement Schedules

Chapter 11: Neurological Substrates of the Reinforcer and Habituative Systems

Section IV: Memorial Processes of the IPM

Chapter 12: The Structural Processes of Memory

Chapter 13: Encoding and Retrieval

Chapter 14: The Functional Characteristics of Memories

Section V: Cognitive Functions and the IPM

Chapter 15: Developmental Changes in Cognitive Function

Chapter 16: General Intelligence

Chapter 17: Specific Aptitudes

Conclusion

Appendix: Match-Mismatch Theory

References

Author Index

Subject Index
10.

Neuroscience and Connectionist Theory ("The Rescorla-Wagner Model" begins on p. 149)
by Mark A. Gluck, David E. Rumelhart. 410 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Series Foreword

Preface

1: Hebb-Marr Networks and the Neurobiological Representation of Action in Space

References

2: Molecular Mechanisms for Synaptic Modification in the Visual Cortex: Interaction Between Theory and Experiment

Introduction

Concluding Remarks

References

3: Memorial Operation of Multiple, Interacting Simulated Brain Structures

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

4: Adaptive Signal Processing and the Cerebellum: Models of Classical Conditioning and Vor Adaptation

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

5: Elemental Adaptive Processes of Neurons and Synapses: A Statistical/Computational Perspective

Introduction1

Concluding Thoughts

References

6: I Thought I Saw It Move: Computing Optical Flow in the Primate Visual System

References

7: Correlation-Based Models of Neural Development

Appendix 1: Formulation of the Model Equations

Appendix 2: the Characteristic Patterns of Ocular Dominance

References

8: Modeling Cortical Computation with Backpropagation

References

Author Index

Subject Index
11.

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society ("Alternative Approaches to Causal Induction: The Probabilistic Contrast Versus the Rescorla-Wagner Model" begins on p. 431)
by Johanna D. Moore, Jill Fain Lehman. 806 pgs.

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Table of Contents

The Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

Electronic Index Access Information

Preface

Reviewers

Plenary Addresses

Symposia

Anchors, Cases, Problems, and Scenarios as Contexts for Learning

Summary

Production System Models of Complex Cognition

Using High-Dimensional Semantic Spaces Derived from Large Text Corpora (a Symposium at the 1995 Annual Cognitive Science Meeting)

Brain Imaging and Its Impact on the Development of Cognitive Science Walter Schneider (organizer)

Paper Presentations

Modeling the Perception of Spoken Words

Acknowledgments

Eye Movements Accompanying Language and Action in A Visual Context: Evidence Against Modularity

Acknowledgments

Using Non-Cognate Interlexical Homographs to Study Bilingual Memory Organization

Acknowledgments

Semantic and Associative Priming in A Distributed Attractor Network

Conclusions

Evidence for Subitizing as A Stimulus-Limited Processing Phenomenon

Acknowledgements

A Capacity Approach to Kinematic Illusions: the Curtate Cycloid Illusion in the Perception of Rolling Motion

Acknowledgments

A Model of Scan Paths Applied to Face Recognition

The Act-R Theory and Visual Attention

Concluding Remarks

Meta-Cognitive Attention: Reasoning About Strategy Selection

Case-Based Comparative Evaluation in Truth-Teller

Introduction

Opportunistic Reasoning: A Design Perspective

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Combining Rules and Cases to Learn Case Adaptation

Introduction

Conclusions

Time-Accuracy Data Analysis: Separating Stimulus-Limited and Post-Stimulus Processes

Introduction

Conclusions

Cognitive Science and Two Images of the Person

Is Cognitive Science Truly Interdisciplinary?: the Case of Interdisciplinary Collaborations

Introduction

Acknowledgements

A 4-Space Model of Scientific Discovery

Conclusion

Angle, Distance, Shape, and Their Relationship to Projective Relations

An Approach to the Semantics of Some English Temporal Constructions

Introduction

Conclusions

Material Object Transfer and Communication of Ideas Analogy of Naive Theories and Its Linguistic Manifestation

Conclusions and Implications

Predicating Nominal Compounds

Acknowledgements

A Model of Practice Related Shifts in the Locus of Brain Activity During Verbal Response Selection Tasks

Acknowledgements

A Connectionist Model of Hemispheric Interaction in Unilateral Visuospatial Neglect

Conclusions

References

The Interaction of Spatial Reference Frames and Hierarchical Object Representations: A Computational Investigation of Drawing in Hemispatial Neglect

Conclusions

A Model of Visually Guided Plasticity of the Auditory Spatial Map in the Barn Owl

Conclusion

Mandatory Scale Perception Promotes Flexible Scene Categorizations

References

Ecological Robotics: Controlling Behavior with Optical Flow

Conclusion

Developing Object Permanence: A Connectionist Model

References

Acknowledgements

Belief Revision in Models of Category Learning

Conclusion

The "Rational" Number E: A Functional Analysis of Categorization

Acknowledgments

Consistency Is the Hobgoblin of Human Minds: People Care but Concept Learning Models Do Not

Conclusions

The Abstraction of Relevant Features by Children and Adults: the Case of Visual Stimuli

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Preferred Mental Models in Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: A Cognitive Assessment of Allen's Calculus

Conclusions and Future Work

References

Diagram-Based Problem Solving: the Case of an Impossible Problem

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Complementary Strategies: Why We Use Our Hands When We Think

Conclusion

A Computational Model of Diagram Reading and Reasoning

Conclusion

Multiple Determinants of the Productive Use of the Regular Past Tense Suffix

Introduction

Conclusion

Inducing A Grammar Without an Explicit Teacher: Incremental Distributed Prediction Feedback

Introduction

Connectionist Rules of Language

Conclusion

Lexical Change as Nonlinear Interpolation

1. Introduction

Acknowledgements

How Misconceptions Affect Formal Physics Problem Solving: Model-Based Predictions and Empirical Observations

Introduction

Conclusions

The Effects of Self-Explanation on Studying Examples and Solving Problems

Introduction

Conclusion

Effects of Background on Subgoal Learning

Acknowledgements

Making Heads or Tails Out of Selecting Problem-Solving Strategies

Introduction

Conclusions

Explanation and Evidence in Informal Reasoning

Integration of Anomalous Data in Multicausal Explanations

Acknowledgments

Are Experts Unbiased? Effects of Knowledge and Attitude on Memory for Text

Complex Decision Making in Providing Surgical Intensive Care

Introduction

Acknowledgments

A Connectionist Model for Classification Learning - the Iak Model

Acknowledgements

Implicit Learning in the Presence of Multiple Cues

Introduction

Conclusion

Training Regimens and Function Compatibility: Implications for Understanding the Effects of Knowledge on Concept Learning

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Spontaneous Use of Perceptual Representations During Conceptual Processing

Acknowledgments

Indirect Speech Acts and Politeness: A Computational Approach

Acknowledgments

Considering Explanation Failure During Content Planning

Conclusion

Conclusion

Structural Focusing, Thematic Role Focusing and the Comprehension of Pronouns

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Question Answering in the Context of Illustrated Expository Text

Collaborative Discovery in A Scientific Domain

Acknowledgment

Collaborative Processing of Incompatible Information

Theory of the Multiple Roles of Diagnosis in Collaborative Problem Solving Discourse

Acknowledgments

Strong Semantic Systematicity from Unsupervised Connectionist Learning

Pragmatic Effects in Zero Anaphor Resolution: Implications for Modularity.

Acknowledgements

A Connectionist Model of Instruction Following

Using Intonationally-Marked Presuppositional Information in On-Line Language Processing: Evidence from Eye Movements to A Visual Model

Acknowledgements

How to Make the Impossible Seem Probable

Conclusions

The Temporality Effect in Thinking About What Might Have Been

Conclusions

References

Introduction

Gestures Reveal Mental Models of Discrete and Continuous Change

Acknowledgments

A Cognitive Analysis of the Task Demands of Early Algebra

Acknowledgement

Problem-Based Learning: Development of Knowledge and Reasoning Strategies

Conclusions

Can Middle-School Students Learn to Reason Statistically Through Simulation Activities?

Acknowledgments

Calculation and Strategy in the Equation Solving Tutor

Using A Well-Structured Model to Teach in an Ill-Structured Domain

Discussion and Conclusions

Causal Paradox: When A Cause Simultaneously Produces and Prevents an Effect

Alternative Approaches to Causal Induction: the Probabilistic Contrast Versus the Rescorla-Wagner Model

Acknowledgments

References

Biases in Refinement of Existing Causal Knowledge

Conclusion

References

More Than Feature Comparison: Processes Underlying Similarity and Probability Judgment

Acknowledgments

On Order Effects in Analogical Mapping: Predicting Human Error Using Iam

Conclusions

A Metric for Situated Difficulty

Structural and Thematic Alignments in Similarity Judgments

Conclusion

References

Retrieval and Learning in Analogical Problem Solving

1. Introduction

Incorporating Real-Time Random Time Effects in Neural Networks: A Temporal Summation Mechanism

4. Summary and Conclusion

References

Two Layer Digital Raam

Conclusion

Learning to Count Without A Counter: A Case Study of Dynamics and Activation Landscapes in Recurrent Networks

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Mere Exposure Effects - Merely Total Activation?

Alarms: Heuristics for the Control of Reasoning Attention

Conclusion

Developing User Model-Based Intelligent Agents

Conclusion

Components of Dynamic Skill Acquisition

Acknowledgments

A Connectionist Formulation of Learning in Dynamic Decision-Making Tasks

Conclusion

Poster Presentations

Causal Structure in Categorization

Model-Based Indexing and Index Learning in Analogical Design

Conclusions

Introduction

The Relative Importance of Spaces and Meaning in Reading

Conclusion

The Convergence of Explanatory Coherence and the Story Model: A Case Study in Juror Decision

Conclusions

Representing Dialectical Arguments

Acknowledgments

A Scowl Is Worth A Thousand Words: Positive and Negative Facial Expressions Automatically Prime Affectively Congruent Information in Memory

Introduction: Rationale

Towards an Object-Oriented Language for Cognitive Modeling

Conclusion

Learning New Spatially-Oriented Game-Playing Agents Through Experience

Acknowledgments

On the Roles of Search and Learning in Time-Limited Decision Making

7. Conclusions

Discourse Processing in Situated Cognition: Learning Through Tutorial Dialogue in Complex Domains

Acknowledgements

The Hume Model-Driven Discovery System

Conclusions

References

Informal Reasoning and Literary Expertise

Combining Analyses of Cognitive Processes, Meanings, and Social Participation: Understanding Symbolic Representations

Conclusions

Complexity of Structure Mapping in Human Analogical Reasoning: A Pdp Model

Introduction

Frequency, Competition and Lexical Representation

Acknowledgments

Exploring the Continuum of Unit Size in Word Identification

Conclusions

Learning Sets of Related Concepts: A Shared Task Model

Introduction

Conclusions

Exploring the Variety and Use of Punctuation

Exploring the Variety and Use of Punctuation

Introduction

The Roles of Motion and Moving Parts in Noun and Verb Meanings

Soul: A Cognitive Parser

Conclusions

Evidence for Explanatory Patterns in Evolutionary Biology

Acknowledgments

Learning Statistics Through Exemplars

Conclusions and Implications

Parsing and Recovery

Mutability and the Determinants of Conceptual Transformability

Semantic and Associative Priming in High-Dimensional Semantic Space

6. Conclusion

References

References

Introduction

Steps Toward Real-Time Natural Language Processing

Speaking of Wine: Verbal and Perceptual Expertise Mediate Verbal Overshadowing in A Taste Recognition Task

Speaking of Wine: Verbal and Perceptual Expertise Mediate Verbal Overshadowing in A Taste Recognition Task

Structure-Mapping Vs. High-Level Perception: the Mistaken Fight Over the Explanation of Analogy

Conclusion

References

Why Semantics Lags Behind Phonology in Word Indentification

Acknowledgements

The Processing of Associations Versus the Processing of Relations and Symbols: A Systematic Comparison

A Visual Routines Based Model of Graph Understanding

Acknowledgements

References

A Model of Conversation Processing Based on Micro Conversational Events

A Model of Conversation Processing Based on Micro Conversational Events

The Statistics of the Environment Affect the Functional Architecture of Vision in Adulthood: A Reduced Alphanumeric Category Effect in Canadian Mail Sorters

The Statistics of the Environment Affect the Functional Architecture of Vision in Adulthood: A Reduced Alphanumeric Category Effect in Canadian Mail Sorters

A Dual-Route Model That Learns to Pronounce English Words

References

Mental Models and Rule Rephrasing

Mental Models and Rule Rephrasing

How People Reason About Temporal Relations

Introduction

Arguing and Reasoning in A Technology-Based Class

To Help or Not to Help

To Help or Not to Help

Introduction

Attitudes to Logical Independence: Traits in Quantifier Interpretation

References

Arguments and Adjuncts: A Computational Explanation of Asymmetries in Attachment Preferences

Introduction

Conclusions

Bridging the Conceptual Gap

Representing the Bilingual's Two Lexicons.

Gestalt Principles and Parallel Constraint Satisfaction Processes: the Parallels

Does Hypothesis-Instruction Improve Learning?

Does Hypothesis-Instruction Improve Learning?

Domains, Knowledge Structures, and Integration Strategies

Acknowledgements

Does Meta-Space Theory Explain Insight?

Introduction

Effects of Category-Learning on Categorization -- an Analysis of Inference-Based and Classification-Based Learning

Acknowledgments

The Integration of Internal and External Information in Numerical Tasks

The Integration of Internal and External Information in Numerical Tasks

Author Index
12.

Current Topics in Animal Learning: Brain, Emotion, and Cognition
by Lawrence Dachowski, Charles F. Flaherty. 446 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1: Memory Processes, ACTH, and Extinction Phenomena

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

2: Context and Retrieval in Extinction and in Other Examples of Interference in Simple Associative Learning

REFERENCES

Event Revaluation Procedures and Associative Structures in Pavlovian Conditioning

REFERENCES

4: Expression of Learning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

5: Memory Strategies in Pigeons

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

6: The Acquisition of Concrete and Abstract Categories in Pigeons University of Wales, College of Cardiff

REFERENCES

7: Comparative Cognition: Processing of Serial Order and Serial Pattern

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

8: Parallels Between the Behavioral Effects of Dimethoxy-ß-Carboline (DMCM) and Conditional Fear Stimuli

REFERENCES

9: Incentive Contrast and Selected Animal Models of Anxiety

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

10: Consummatory Incentive Contrast: Experimental Design Relationships and Deprivation Effects

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

11: Multiple Memory Systems of the Mammalian Brain Involved in Classical Conditioning

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

12: Contributions of the Amygdala and Anatomically- Related Structures to the Acquisition and Expression of Aversively Conditioned Responses

REFERENCES

13: Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Hippocampal Cholinergic Systems in Working Memory

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

14: Brain, Emotion, and Cognition: An Overview

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
13.

Models of Action: Mechanisms for Adaptive Behavior
by Clive D. L. Wynne, John E. R. Staddon. 326 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1: Learning the Language of Mind: Symbolic Dynamics for Modeling Adaptive Behavior

REFERENCES

2: Neural Suhstrates of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement, Recognition, and Motor Learning

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

3: Can the Whole Be Something Other Than the Sum of Its Parts?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

4: The First Principle of Reinforcement

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

5: Using Biology to Solve a Problem in Automated Machine Learning

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

6: The Frightening Complexity of Avoidance: A Neural Network Approach

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B

7: In Praise of Parsimony

REFERENCES

8: A Minimal Model of Transitive Inference

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index

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