William K. Estes

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William K. Estes

1 .

Attention and Memory
by W. K. Estes. 431 pgs.

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Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes: Volume 4 Attention and Memory

Contents

Foreword

Introduction to Volume 4

1: Retrieval of Memories: A Psychobiological Approach

2: Methodology in the Study of Human Memory

3: The Concept of Primary Memory

4: Capacity Limitations in Information Processing, Attention, and Memory

5: Perceptual Learning and Attention

6: Auditory Information Processing

7: Memory Storage Dynamics

8: Fact Retrieval Processes in Human Memory

Author Index

Subject Index
2 .

Statistical Models in Behavioral Research
by William K. Estes. 168 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

1: Introduction

2: Statistics, Probability, and Decision

3: Basic Concepts

4: Contrasts on Means

5: Testing a Statistical Hypothesis1

Appendix

6: Simple Analysis of Variance

7: Regression and Anova in the Linear Model Framework

8: Two-Way Factorial Designs

Appendix

9: Repeated-Measures Designs

10: Unbalanced Designs and Nonorthogonality

References

Author Index

Subject Index
3 .

Cognition in Human Motivation and Learning (Chap. 6 "Cognitive Processes in Reinforcement and Choice" by W. K. Estes)
by J. R. Nuttin, Gery D'Ydewalle, Willy Lens. 292 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

REFERENCES

Selected Bibliography of J. (R.) Nuttin

1: The Organization of Action and the Nature of Adult-Infant Transaction

REFERENCES

2: Developmental Precursors of Success and Failure Experience

REFERENCES

3: Objective and Subjective Rules for Delay of Gratificaflon

INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

4: Intention and Kinds of Learning

REFERENCES

5: Habit Activation In Human Learning

INTRODUCTION

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

6: Cognitive Processes in Reinforcement and Choice

REFERENCES

7: The Brain as the Locus of Cognitive Controls on Action

7: The Brain as the Locus of Cognitive Controls on Action

REFERENCES

8: Thematic Apperceptive Measurement of Motivation in 1950 and 1980

REFERENCES

9: Future Orientation and Achievement Motivation: Toward a Theory of Personality Functioning and Change

REFERENCES

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

11: Future Time Perspective and the Problem of Cognition/ Motivation Interaction

CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
4 .

Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation: A Memorial Volume to Jerzy Konorski (Chap. 16 "Cognitive Processes in Conditioning" by W. K. Estes)
by Anthony Dickinson, Robert A. Boakes, Jerzy Konorski. 468 pgs.

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List of Contributors

Contents

Preface

1: Jerzy Konorski And Western Psychology

References

References

2: Classical Conditioning as The Formation of Interstimulus Associations: Stimulus Substitution, Parasitic Reinforcement, and Autoshaping

References

References

3: Habituation and Memory

References

References

4: Conditioned Inhibition And Extinction

References

References

5: Brain Processes And Conditioning

Acknowledgments

References

6: Instrumental (type Ii) Conditioning

References

7: Motivational Processes

References

8: Appetitive-Aversive Interactions And Inhibitory Processes

References

9: Interactions Between Type I And Type II Processes Involving Positive Reinforcement

References

References

10: Extinction, Inhibition, And Differentiation Learning

Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment

11: Brain Mechanisms In the Inhibition Of Behavior

References

References

13: The Study of Association: Methodology and Basic Phenomena

References

References

References

Acknowledgments

15: Constraints on Conditioning In the Writings of Konorski

References

16: Cognitive Processes In Conditioning

Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index
5 .

Current Issues in Cognitive Processes (Chap. 2 "Early and Late Memory Processing in Models for Category Learning" by W. K. Estes)
by Chizuko Izawa. 426 pgs.

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Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

1: Introduction to the Tulane Flowerree Symposium on Cognition

References

2: Early and Late Memory Processing in Models for Category Learning

Conclusion

References

Acknowledgments

3: On Units of Storage and Retrieval

References

4: Learning in a Distributed Memory Model

Summary

Appendix 1

Acknowledgments

Appendix 2

References

5: Approach-Avoidance: Return to Dynamic Decision Behavior

Acknowledgments

Appendix Aspects of Differential Equations

References

6: How Many Memory Systems Are There Really?: Some Evidence from the Picture Fragment Completion Task

Acknowledgments

References

7: Hypermnesia: Improvements in Recall with Repeated Testing

Concluding Comments

Acknowledgment

References

8: Introduction. Similarities and Differences Between Anticipation and Study-Test Item Information Presentation Methods

References

8: Part 1. a Test of the Identity Model: Encoding Processes Differ Little Between Anticipation and Study-Test Methods

Part 1 References

8: Part 2. Comparisons of Visual and Auditory Information Processing Under Two Item Information Presentation Methods

Part 2 References

8: Part 3. Effects of the Item Presentation Methods and Test Trials on Euclidean Distances and Location Learning Via the Tactile Sense

Concluding Remarks

Part 3 References

Acknowledgments

9: On the Puzzling Relationship Between Environmental Context and Human Memory

Acknowledgments

References

10: Prototypes, Schemata, and the Form of Human Knowledge: The Cognition of Abstraction

References

Acknowledgments

11: Implicitly Activated Knowledge and Memory

Acknowledgments

References

12: The Role of Spatial Frequency and Visual Detail in the Recognition of Patterns and Words

Summary and Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Postscript

Author Index

Subject Index
6 .

Foundations for a Psychology of Education ("Learning Theory" by W. K. Estes begins on p. 1)
by Alan Lesgold, Robert Glaser. 316 pgs.

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Contents

Contributors

Preface

Learning Theory

REFERENCES

2 Intellectual Development

REFERENCES

3 Motivation

REFERENCES

4 lntellectual Abilities and Aptitudes

5 Learning Skills and the Acquisition of Knowledge

REFERENCES

6 Problem Solving and the Educational Process

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
7 .

Readings in Learning ("Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning" by William K. Estes begins on p. 44 and "Motivation in Secondary Reinforcement" by William K. Estes begins on p. 166)
by Lawrence M. Stolurow. 570 pgs.

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Table of Contents

Chapter I: Some Systematic Posistions

1-1 Connectionism

I. Introduction

II. Satisfying State

IV. Annoying States

1-2: Hypothetico-Deductive Method of Theory Construction

V. Summary

VI. Essentials of Behaviors

1-3: An S-R Contiguity Theory of Learning

I. Introduction

II. Some Characteristics of Learning

10. Insight

1-4: Toward a Statistical Theory of Learning

II. Preliminary Considerations

I. Introduction

VIII. Summary

1-5 There is More that One Kind of Learning

I. Introduction

II. Conditions and Laws

III. Summary

1-6: A Reanalysis of the Basic Datum and Conditions of Learning

I. Introduction

II. The Basic Datum in Learning

IV. Conclusion

Chapter 2: Some Conditioning Concepts and Techniques

2-1 Techniques of Motor Conditioning

I. Introduction

II. General Handling of Subject

VII. Summary

2-2: Conditioning by Direct Stimulation of the Cortex

I. Introduction

II. Conditioning with Faradization of the Sigmoid Gyri as the Unconditional Stimulus

V. Summary

2-3: Two Types of Conditioned "Reflex" and a Pseudo-Type

2-4 Conditioning and Inhibition

I. Introduction

II. External Inhibition

Chapter 3: Motivation and Reinforcement

3-1 Qualitative Food Deficiency as a Drive

I. Introduction

II. Subjects and Technique

IV. Discussion and Conclusion

V. Summary

3-2: Reinforcement at a Variable Ratio

I. Introduction

IV. Summary and Conclusions

IV. Summary and Conclusions

3-3: A Test of Latent Learning

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Procedure

IV. Summary

3-4: Motivation in Secondary Reinforcement

I. Introduction

II. Procedure

V. Summary

3-5: Delayed Reward Learning and Secondary Reinforcement

I. Introduction

II. Gradient Effect of Delay

IV. Summary

3-6: Anxiety: a Learned Response and A Reinforcing Agent

II. Summary

Chapter 4: Some Motor and Verbal Learning Variables

4-1 Constant and Varied Stimulation

II. Purpose and Procedure

I. Introduction

4-2: Reminiscence and Warm-Up

I. Introduction

II. Apparatus and Procedures

IV. Conclusions

4-3: Distributed Practice

I. Introduction

II. Procedure--Experiment I

VII. Summary--Experiment 1

VIII. Summary -- Experiment 2

4-4: Remote Associations

I. Introduction

II. The Experiment

V. Summary

4-5: Intra-List Generalization

I. Introduction

II. Method

V. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 5: Some Discrimination and Perceptual Learning Variables

5-1 Visual Discrimination Learning

I. Introduction

II. Statement of the Present Problem

VI. Summary

5-2: Insight: a Critical and Experimental Analysis

I. Introduction

II. The Criteria of Insight Learning

V. Summary and Conclusions

5-3: Learning the Relation of Opposition

II. Subjects

I. Introduction

V. Summary

5-4: Reenforcement and Perceptual Learning

Chapter 6: Educational and Social Learning

I. Introduction

6-1 Learning from Films: Delayed Imitation

II. Delayed Imitation

6-2: Attitudes as Learned Behavior

I. Introduction

II. Definition of Attitude

IV. Conclusion

I. Introduction

6-3: Social Learning

II. A Point of View

Chapter 7: Retention and Forgetting

7-1 Retention of Verval and Motor Skills

I. Introduction

II. Apparatus and Method

V. Summary and Conclusions

7-2 Two Methods of Measuring Retention

I. Introduction

II. Methods and Procedure

IV. Summary

7-3: Recognition and Memory Trace

I. Introduction

I. Introduction

X. Conclusions

XI. Summary

7-4: A Two Factor Theory of Retroactive Inhibition

I. Introduction

II. Method

IV. Theoretical Conclusions

V. Summary

7-5: Retroactive and Proactive Inhibition

I. Introduction

II. Method

V. Summary

Chapter 8: Transfer and Related Concepts

8-1 Transfer from and Illustration

I. Introduction

II. Method

V. Summary

8-2: Generalization and Discrimination

I. Introduction

II. An Hypothesis

IV. Conclusions

8-3: Stimulus Generalization During Response Generalization

I. Introduction

II. Problem

VII. Summary

8-4: Primary Stimulus Generalization

I. Introduction

II. Preliminary History of the Problem

V. Summary and Conclusions

8-5: Semantic and Phonetographic Generalizations

I. Introduction

II. Procedure

VI. Summary

8-6: Learning How to Learn

I. Introduction

II. Apparatus and Procedure

VIII. Conclusions

Bibliography

Index
8 .

Memory and Learning: The Ebbinghaus Centennial Conference (Chap. 2 "One Hundred Years of Memory Theory" by William K. Estes)
by David S. Gorfein, Robert R. Hoffman. 444 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

I INTRODUCTION

1: Introduction

II HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

2: One Hundred Years of Memory Theory

3: Memory Before Ebbinghaus

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

4: Some Historical Observations on Ebbinghaus

5: Ebbinghaus' On Memory: Some Effects on Early American Research

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

6: The Winds of Doctrine: Ebbinghaus and His Reputation in America

III CONTEXT AND MEMORY

7: The Law of Frequency

CONCLUDING STATEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

8: Comments on Chapter 7 by Slamecka

9: The Dual Meanings of Context: Implications for Research, Theory, and Applications

10: Explaining Context Effects on Short-Term Memory

11: Temporal Context and Recency

12: The Context of Remembering: Comments on the Chapters by Glenberg, Gorfein, and Wickens

IV SEMANTIC MEMORY

13: Beyond Associations: Strategic Components in Memory Retrieval

14: Relation Element Theory: A New Account of the Representation and Processing of Semantic Relations

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

15: Beyond Associationism: Comments on the Chapters by Reder and by Chaffin and Herrmann

16: What is Conscious in the Control of Action? A Modern Ideomotor Theory of Voluntary Control

17: Comments on the Chapters by Baars and Ceraso

V TOPICS IN MEMORY RESEARCH

18: Serial-Order Effects in a Distributed-Memory Model

19: Discussion of the Chapter by Murdock

20: On Generic Recall

21: Comments on the Chapter by Ceraso

22: Criteria for the Identification of Memory Deficits: Implications for the Design of Memory Tests

23: Comments on the Chapter by Buschke

24: Retrieval Modes Produce Dissociations in Memory for Surface Information

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

25: Functional Dissociation: Comments on the Chapter by Roediger and Blaxton

VI OVERVIEW

26: Functional and Cognitive Memory Theory: An Overview of Some Key Issues

References

Author Index

Subject Index
9 .

Studies in Mathematical Learning Theory (Chap. 1 "Component and Pattern Models with Markovian Interpretations" by William K. Estes and Chap. 8 "Foundations of Linear Models" by William K. Estes)
by Robert R. Bush, William K. Estes. 438 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

Introduction

Part I: Stimulus-Sampling Models

1: Component and Pattern Models with Markovian Interpretations

References

2: A Model with Neutral Elements

3: Applications of a Markov Model to Two-Person Noncooperative Games

4: A Theory of Serial Discrimination Learning

5: Mediated Generalization

6: Choice-Point Behavior

7: Temporal Properties of Response Evocation

Part II: Analyses of Linear Models

8: Foundations of Linear Models

9: Applications of a Linear Model to Two-Person Interactions

10: A Single-Operator Model

11: Sequential Properties of Linear Models

12: A Commuting-Operator Model

13: An Analysis of Sequential Dependencies

14: Some T-Maze Experiments

Part III: Extensions and Comparisons

15: A Comparison of Eight Models

16: A Path-Dependent Linear Model

17: Application of Four Models to Sequential Dependence in Human Learning

18: Tests of the "Beta Model"

19: A Linear Model for a Continuum of Responses

20: A Survey and Classification of Learning Models

Index
10 .

Current Trends in Psychological Theory: A Bicentennial Program ("Growth and Function of Mathematical Models for Learning" by William K. Estes begins on p. 134)
by Wayne Dennis, Dorwin Cartwright, E. Lowell Kelly, B. F. Skinner, Alan E. Fisher, Mark R. Rosenzweig, David Krech, Edward L. Bennett, Peter M. Milner, William K. Estes, Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, Howard H. Kendler, O. Hobart Mowrer. 229 pgs.

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Current Trends in Psychological Theory: A Bicentennial Program

Preface

A Decade in Review

A Decade of Social Psychology

References

Clinical Psychology: the Postwar Decade

Referenges

The Flight from the Laboratory

References

Behavior as a Function of Certain Neurobiochemical Events

References

Heredity, Environment, Brain Biochemistry, and Learning

References

The Application of Physiology to Learning Theory

References

Growth and Function Of: Mathematical Models for Learning

References

The Simulation of Human Thought

References

Problems In: Problem-Solving Research

References

Psychopathology and the Problem of Guilt, Confession, and Expiation

References
11 .

The Matching Principle Revisited, in The Psychological Record
by Edward J. Green, John Kemeny. 7 pgs.

Journal Article

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12 .

Essays in Honor of William K. Estes
by Alice F. Healy, Stephen M. Kosslyn, Richard M. Shiffrin. 326 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

REFERENCES

William Kaye Estes as Mentor, Colleague, and Friend

1: Test Trials Contributions to Optimization of Learning Processes: Study/Test Trials Interactions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

2: A New Theory of Disuse and an Old Theory of Stimulus Fluctuation

REFERENCES

3: The SAM Retrieval Model: A Retrospective and Prospective

REFERENCES

4: The Long-Term Retention of Skills

REFERENCES

5: The Perturbation Model of Short-Term Memory: A Review and Some Further Developments

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

6: A Simultaneous Examination of Recency and Cuing Effects

REFERENCES

7: The Role of Visible Persistence in Backward Masking

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

8: Category Membership, Similarity, and Naive Induction

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

9: Abstraction and Selective Coding in Exemplar-Based Models of Categorization

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

11: How Readers Construct Situation Models for Stories: The Role of Syntactic Cues and Causal Inferences

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

12: Culture and Cognitive Development: From Cross- Cultural Comparisons to Model Systems of Cultural Mediation

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index
13 .

Discourse Comprehension: Essays in Honor of Walter Kintsch (Chap. 3 "A General Model of Classification and Memory Applied to Discourse Processing" by W. K. Estes)
by Charles A. Weaver III, Suzanne Mannes, Charles R. Fletcher, Walter Kintsch. 428 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Walter Kintsch: a Brief Biography

REFERENCES

Chapter2 Where Do Propositions Come From?

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter3 a General Model of Classification and Memory Applied to Discourse Processing

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 Primacy and Recency in the Chunking Model

REFERENCES

Chapters 5 Understanding Concepts in Activity

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 the Minimalist Hypothesis: Directions for Research

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter7 Inference Generation and the Construction of Situation Models

REFERENCES

Chapter8 Activating Knowledge of Fictional Characters' Emotional States

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 Understanding the Special Mnemonic Characteristic of Fairy Tales

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 Comprehension Monitoring: Extensions of the Kintsch and Van Dijk Model

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 11 Top-Down Effects in a Bottom-Up Model of Narrative Comprehension and Recall

REFERENCES

Chapter 12 Simulating Recall and Recognition by Using Kintsch's Construction-Integration Model

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 13 Priming of Inference Concepts in the Construction-Integration Model

REFERENCES

Chapter 14 Memory and Its Graeculi: Metamemory and Control in Extended Memory Systems

REFERENCES

Chapter 15 the Acquisition of Knowledge from Text and Example Situations: an Extension to the Construction-Integration Model

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 16 the Role of Presentational Structures in Understanding and Solving Mathematical Word Problems

REFERENCES

Chapter 17 Beyond Discourse: Applications of the Construction-Integration Model

REFERENCES

Chapter 18 Capping the Construction-Integration Model of Discourse Comprehension

REFERENCES

Chapter 19 Construction-Integration Theory and Clinical Reasoning

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter20 on Macrostructures, Mental Models, and Other Inventions: a Brief Personal History of the Kintsch-Van Dijk Theory

REFERENCES

Epilogue

Author Index

Subject Index
14 .

Choice, Decision, and Measurement: Essays in Honor of R. Duncan Luce ("Some Reflections on the Role of the Choice Model in Theories of Categorization, Identification, and Learning" by W. K. Estes)
by A. A. J. Marley, R. Duncan Luce. 474 pgs.

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CONTENTS

PREFACE

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

LIST OF REFEREES

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

THE PAST SEVEN YEARS: 1988-95

PART 2 DECISION MAKING AND RISK

BOOKENDS: RECOLLECTIONS OF A DECISION THEORIST

EMPIRICAL TESTS OF LUCE'S RANK- AND SIGN-DEPENDENT UTILITY THEORY

THE UTILITY OF MEASURING AND MODELING PERCEIVED RISK

DO RISK ATTITUDES REFLECT IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER?

VIOLATIONS OF MONOTONICITY IN JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING

PART 3 PREFERENCE, MEASUREMENT THEORY, AND AXIOMATIC SYSTEMS

DUNCAN LUCE AS MEASUREMENT THEORIST

A STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE EVOLUTION OF PREFERENCES

PREFERENCE MODELS AND IRREVERSIBILITY

GENERALIZED RANDOM UTILITY MODELS AND THE REPRESENTATIONAL THEORY OF MEASUREMENT: A CONCEPTUAL LINK

ON SUBJECTIVE INTENSITY AND ITS MEASUREMENT

A GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO TWO DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENT

BISYMMETRY AND CONSISTENT AGGREGATION: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND RECENT RESULTS

PART 4 PSYCHOPHYSICS AND RESPONSE TIME

THE WRITER IS INDEBTED TO A REFEREE ...

ACTIVATION-STATE REPRESENTATION OF MODELS FOR THE REDUNDANT-SIGNALS-EFFECT

PROCESS REPRESENTATIONS AND DECOMPOSITIONS OF RESPONSE TIMES

A LIMITED CAPACITY, WAVE EQUALITY, RANDOM WALK MODEL OF ABSOLUTE IDENTIFICATION

THE GENERALIZED AREA THEOREM IN SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

PART 5 CHOICE AND CATEGORIZATION

SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE ROLE OF THE CHOICE MODEL IN THEORIES OF CATEGORIZATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND LEARNING

A NETWORK MODEL FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE: ACCURACY AND RESPONSE TIMES

AN EXEMPLAR-BASED RANDOM-WALK MODEL OF SPEEDED CATEGORIZATION AND ABSOLUTE JUDGMENT

CATEGORIZATION AS A SPECIAL CASE OF DECISION-MAKING OR CHOICE

TOWARD AN ANALYTIC MODEL OF ATTENTION TO VISUAL SHAPE

PART 6 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS OF R. DUNCAN LUCE

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX
15 .

Decision Processes (Chap. IX "Individual Behavior in Uncertain Situations: An Interpretation in Terms of Statistical Association Theory" by W. K. Estes)
by Robert McDowell Thrall, C. H. Coombs, R. L. Davis. 338 pgs.

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Preface

Contents

Chapter I Introduction to "Decision Processes"

Chapter II Some Views on Mathematical Models and Measurement Theory*

Bibliography

Chapter III on Methods of Amalgamation

Bibliography

Chapter IV Games Against Nature*

Footnotes

Bibliography

Chapter V Note on Some Proposed Decision Criteria*

Footnotes

Bibliography

Chapter VI Social Choice and Strength of Preference*

Footnotes

Bibliography

Chapter VII Alternative Calculi of Subjective Probabilities

Appendix

Footnotes

Chapter VIII a Formal Structure for Multiple-Choice Situations

Appendix

Footnotes

Bibliography

Chapter IX Individual Behavior in Uncertain Situations: an Interpretation in Terms of Statistical Association Theory

Chapter IX Individual Behavior in Uncertain Situations: an Interpretation in Terms of Statistical Association Theory

Bibliography

Chapter X on Game-Learning Theory and Some Decision-Making Experiments

Footnote

Bibliography

Chapter XI Representation of a Preference Ordering by a Numerical Function*

Footnotes

Chapter XII Multidimensional Utilities

Bibliography

Chapter XIII Applications of Multidimensional Utility Theory*

Bibliography

Introduction

Chapter XIV Towards an Economic Theory of Organization and Information*

Footnotes

Chapter XV the Logical Structure of the Utility Concept

Bibliography

Chapter XVI Tendencies Toward Group Comparability in Competitive Bargaining*

Introduction

Summary

Bibliography

Footnote

Chapter XVII on Decision-Making Under Uncertainty*

Bibliography

Bibliography

Chapter XVIII Environmental Non-Stationarity in a Sequential Decision-Making Experiment

Appendix a Instructions for Static-Nine Experiment

Appendix B Instructions

Footnotes

Bibliography

Chapter XIX Some Experimental N-Person Games

Introduction

Bibliography

Appendix a University of Michigan Summer Seminar at Santa Monica, California Summer 1952

Appendix B Michigan Project - Summer Seminar
16 .

Sources of Coherence in Reading (Chap. 3 "Response Processes in Cognitive Models" by W. K. Estes)
by Robert F. Lorch Jr., Edward J. O'Brien. 418 pgs.

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Contents

Contributors

Preface

REFERENCES

Introduction: Sources of Coherence in Reading

REFERENCES

1: Eye Movements and Discourse Processing

REFERENCES

2: The Role of Word-Based Priming in Inference Research

3: Response Processes in Cognitive Models

APPENDIX

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

4: Perceptual Similarity and Salience in the Accessing of Lexical Meaning

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

6: Logical Connectives and Local Coherence

REFERENCES

7: The Effect of Connectives and Causal Relatedness on Text Comprehension

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

8: Processes of Anaphor Resolution

REFERENCES

9: Automatic Components of Discourse Comprehension

REFERENCES

10: The Role of Familiarity in Cognitive Processing

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

11: The Role of Co-Occurrence, Coreference, and Causality in the Coherence of Conjoined Sentences

REFERENCES

12: Explanatory Inferences and Other Strategies During Comprehension and Their Effect on Recall

13: Causal Validation and Causal Comprehension

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

14: Goal Processing and the Maintenance of Global Coherence

REFERENCES

15: Integration of Topic Information During Reading

REFERENCES

16: Inference Generation During the Comprehension of Narrative Text

REFERENCES

17: The Role of Background Knowledge in the Recall of a News Story

REFERENCES

18: Construction of a Mental Model Caren M. Jones University of Massachusetts--Amherst

REFERENCES

19: The Role of Readers' Standards for Coherence in the Generation of Inferences During Reading

REFERENCES

20: Distinctions Among Reading Situations

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index

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