Radioactive Fallout

Fallout - minute particles of radioactive material produced by nuclear explosions (see atomic bomb; hydrogen bomb; Chernobyl) or by discharge from nuclear-power or atomic installations and scattered throughout the earth's atmosphere by winds and convection currents. Heavier fallout particles tend to settle to earth around the explosion site and downwind from it soon after the explosion Read More...

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Radioactive Fallout

1 .

Fallout: A Study of Superbombs, Strontium 90, and Survival
by John M. Fowler. 235 pgs.

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Title Page

The Authors

Editor's Acknowledgment

Foreword

Contents

Introduction

1 The Bombs And Their Products

2 The Global Pattern Of Fallout

3 W. O. Caster From Bomb To Man

4 The Rising Level Of Fallout

5 Biological Effects Of Radiation

Radiation And Future Generations

7 Radiation Accidents

9 Civil Defense

10 Detection Of Bomb Tests

11 Nuclear War

Fowler: National Survival

Appendices

Appendix A Fundamentals Of Radiation

Appendix B Fission And Fusion

Appendix C List of Nuclear Explosions

Appendix D Casualties in A Nuclear Attack

Glossary

Index
2 .

The Enemy within: The High Cost of Living near Nuclear Reactors: Breast Cancer, AIDS, Low Birthweights, and Other Radiation-Induced Immune Deficiency Effects (Chap. 8 "Fallout and Breast Cancer")
by Jay M. Gould. 346 pgs.

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Recent research in the UK has shown that living near high tension electrical cables can increase the incidence of cancer and leukemia. From the US comes The Enemy Within, which provides evidence of the dangers of living near nuclear reactors.

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Foreword

Overview and Summary

Chapter 1 Introduction: Fallout and County Breast Cancer Rates

Chapter 2 Fallout and Immune Deficiency

Chapter 3 Low Birthweights and Baby Boomer Immune Deficiency

Chapter 4 Breast Cancer Mortality and Emissions from Nuclear Reactors

Chapter 5 Geographic Differences in Breast Cancer Mortality Since 1950

Chapter 6 Why the National Cancer Institute Failed to Find Increased Cancer Risk Near Nuclear Reactors

Chapter 7 the Nature of Increased Cancer Risk Near Reactors

Chapter 8 Fallout and Breast Cancer

Chapter 9 is It Too Late?

Appendix a How to Calculate Breast Cancer Mortality Rates Near Nuclear Reactors

Appendix B Sixty Reactor Sites and Computer Generated Maps of Nearby Counties

Appendix C Radioactive Materials Released from Nuclear Power Plants

Appendix D How the National Cancer Institute Confirmed That Proximity to Reactors Increases Breast Cancer Risk

References

Index
3 .

Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings ("Fallout" begins on p. 77)
by Eisei Ishikawa, David L. Swain. 706 pgs.

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Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings

Contents

List of Figures

Foreword

Preface to the English Edition

Introduction: The Atomic Bomb: Challenge of Our Time

Part I: Physical Aspects of Destruction

Chapter 1: Atomic Bombing— Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Chapter 2: The Atomic Bomb and Thermal Radiations

Chapter 3: Blast Caused by the Atomic Bomb Explosion

Chapter 4: Composite Damage Caused by Heat Rays, Blasts, and Fires

Chapter 5: Radiation from the Atomic Bomb

Chapter 6: Meteorological Conditions on the Day of the Bombing

Part II: Injury to the Human Body

Chapter 7: Injury to the Human Body Following Exposure to the Atomic Bomb

Chapter 8: Body Injury in the Initial Stage— Acute Stage of Atomic Bomb Injury

Chapter 9: Aftereffects and Genetic Effects

Part III: The Impact on Society and Daily Life

Chapter 10: A Society Laid Waste

Chapter 11: Life and Livelihood of the A-Bomb Victims

Chapter 12: Psychological Trends among A-Bomb Victims

Part IV: Toward the Abolition of Nuclear Arms

Chapter 13: Relief and Medical Care for A-Bomb Victims

Chapter 14: Government Administration and Citizens' Movements

Appendix

The City of Hiroshima: Peace Declaration

The City of Nagasaki: Peace Declaration

Chronology: 1945-78 Events Related to Atomic Bomb Damages

Postscript

Bibliography

Index
4 .

Children of the Atomic Bomb: An American Physician's Memoir of Nagasaki, Hiroshima, and the Marshall Islands (Discussion of radioactive fallout begins on p. 72)
by James N. Yamazaki, Louis B. Fleming. 184 pgs.

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Children of the Atomic Bomb is Dr. Yamazaki's account of a lifelong effort to understand and document the impact of nuclear explosions on children, particularly the children conceived but not yet born at the time of the explosions. Assigned in 1949 as Physician in Charge of the United States Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Nagasaki, Yamazaki had served as a combat surgeon at the Battle of the Bulge where he had been captured and held as a prisoner of war by the Germans. In Japan he was confronted with violence of another dimension - the devastating impact of a nuclear blast and the particularly insidious effects of radiation on children. Yamazaki's story is also one of striking juxtapositions, an account of a Japanese-American's encounter with racism, the story of a man who fought for his country while his parents were interned in a concentration camp in Arkansas.

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Title Page

Contents

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Prologue

1: Nagasaki

2: Born in America

3: Pearl Harbor's Impact

4: Love and War in 1944

5: Homecoming and the Bomb

6: To Japan at Last

7: Getting Organized

8: The Thunderbolt

9: Expanding Research

10: Through Guileless Eyes

11: Lobbying and Researching

12: Emerging Answers

13: The Genetic Puzzle

14: Farewell in Hiroshima

The Peacemaker

Appendix

Glossary

Notes

References

Biographical Note
5 .

The Nuclear Lion: What Every Citizen Should Know about Nuclear Power and Nuclear War ("The Fallout" begins on p. 124)
by John Jagger. 375 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

Introduction: Chernobyl and Hiroshima

1: Atoms and Life

1: Atoms: What the Universe Is Made of

2: Molecules: How the Atoms Fit Together

3: Radiation: How the Atoms Interact

II: Radiations and Life

4: Radiation Biology

5: Radioisotopes in Medicine and Industry

III: The Power

6: Nuclear Creation

7: Nuclear Power Reactors

8: Nuclear Reactor Accidents

9: Nuclear Waste Disposal

10: Myth I: Nuclear Power Is Too Dangerous

11: The Power Problem

IV: The Peril

12: Nuclear Weapons and Arsenals

13: Nuclear War I. the Terrible Swift Sword

14: Nuclear War Ii. the Slow Death

15: Myth Ii: You Can't Trust the Russians

16: Nuclear Confrontation

17: New Perspectives

V: Living with Lions

18: Myth Iii: War Makes Jobs

19: Facts and Fallacies

20: Technology, War, and People

Summary: No Nukes?

Afterword: the Millennium

Notes

Appendixes

A Bottom Part of the Periodic Table

B Dosimetry

C Important Radioisotopes Produced by Nuclear Reactors

Bibliography

Glossary

Index
6 .

The Atomic Age: Scientists in National and World Affairs. Articles from the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 1945-1962 (Chap. 33 "Fallout and Home Defense" and Chap. 34 "Fallout Fallacies")
by Morton Grodzins, Eugene Rabinowitch. 616 pgs.

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The Atomic Age: Scientists in National and World Affairs

Editors' Foreword

Contents

The Contributors

Part I: Failure

In Troduction

Before Hiroshima

1: The Einstein Letter

2: Atomic Bombs and the Postwar Position of the United States in the World

3: A Report to the Secretary of War

4: A Petition to the President of the United States

5: The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb

Failure to Achieve International Control of Atomic Energy

6: Pilot Lights of the Apocalypse

7: International Control of Atomic Energy

8: The Failure of International Control

9: Why the Failure?

10: The Next Steps

Continued Search to Safeguard the World

11: The Prevention of War

12: The Paramount Problem: a Plea for World Government

13: The Two Responsibilities of Scientists

14: On Albert Einstein's Support of World Government

15: Einstein Replies

The End of the American Monopoly in Nuclear Weapons

16: Forewarned—but Not Forearmed

17: The American Hydrogen Bomb

18: Five Years After

Part II: Peril

Introduction

The Vulnerable World

19: The Dangers We Face

20: Biological Warfare: Demand for Answers

21: Potentialities of Chemical Warfare

United States Foreign Policy

22: Atomic Weapons and American Policy

23: Status Quo with a Quid Pro Quo

24: The Atomic Age Doctrine: Common Efforts for Common Aims

25: How to Live with the Bomb—and Survive

Disarmament, Deterrence, Arms Control

26: Disarmament and International Tension

27: Breaking the Feedback Cycle

28: A Rational World Security System

29: A Case for Graduated Unilateral Disengagement

30: First Things First: the Role of Disarmament in Achieving a Peaceful World

31: The Case for British Nuclear Disarmament

Fallout, Civilian Defense, and the Test Ban

32: The Genetic Damage Produced by Radiation

33: Fallout and Home Defense

34: Fallout Fallacies

35: Thoughts on Bomb Shelters

36: More Important Than Shelters

37: The Nuclear Test Ban as a Step toward National Security

38: Nuclear Bomb Tests: a Skeptical View

39: To Test or Not to Test

Part III: Fear

Introduction

Soviet Espionage and Secrecy in Science

40: An Appeal to Reason

41: Soviet Atomic Espionage

42: Atomic Spy Trials: Heretical Afterthoughts

43: On the Relations between Science and the State

Loyalty and Security

44: The Basis of National Loyalty

45: The Aec Fellowships: Shall We Yield or Fight?

46: America's Paper Curtain

47: Securing a Visa

48: The Case of J. Robert Oppenheimer before the Atomic Energy Commission

49: Congressional Testing of Linus Pauling: the Legal Framework

50: Congressional Testing of Linus Pauling: Sourwine in an Old Bottle

Part IV: Hope

Introduction

International Cooperation in Science and Technology

51: Science and Hunger

52: Prospects in International Science

53: Science, Technology, and World Development

54: Some Lessons of the International Geophysical Year

55: Scientific and Technological Cooperation: a Key to Mutual Trust

The Pugwash Conferenceson Science and World Affairs

56: An Appeal for the Abolition of War

57: The First Pugwash Conference: History and Outlook

58: The Third Pugwash Conference

59: The Vienna Declaration

60: The Sixth Pugwash Conference

61: The Seventh and Eighth Pugwash Conferences

Bases for Hope

62: The Future of Man in the Atomic Age

63: The Message of Science

64: Man and the Atom

65: Pushing Back the Clock of Doom

Permissions

Index
7 .

On the Home Front: The Cold War Legacy of the Hanford Nuclear Site ("Fallout Tracking and Research" begins on p. 190)
by Michele Stenehjem Gerber. 334 pgs.

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8 .

The Day the Sun Rose Twice: The Story of the Trinity Site Nuclear Explosion, July 16, 1945 (Chap. 6 "The Aftermath I: Fallout")
by Ferenc Morton Szasz. 236 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

Introduction

Chapter One: The Origins of Los Alamos

Chapter Two: The Construction and Naming of Trinity

Chapter Three: Theoretical Considerations

Chapter Four: The Question of Weather

Chapter Five: The Blast

Chapter Six: The Aftermath I: Fallout

Chapter Seven: The Aftermath II: Cattle, Film, and People

Chapter Eight: The International Legacy

Chapter Nine: The Local Legacy

Epilogue

Abbreviations

Notes

Bibliography

Index
9 .

Our Synthetic Environment ("Fallout" begins on p. 175)
by Lewis Herber. 286 pgs.

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Introduction

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Contents

Chapter One: The Problem

Chapter Two: Agriculture and Health

Chapter Three: Urban Life and Health

Chapter Four: The Problem of Chemicals In Food

Chapter Five: Environment and Cancer

Chapter Six: Radiation and Human Health

Chapter Seven: Human Ecology

Chapter Eight: Health and Society

Appendix A: Changing Concepts of Illness --An Excerpt from "The Healthy Environment" By John D. Porterfield, Deputy Surgeon General Of the United States

Appendix B: Excerpt From "Public Health in an Industrial Society,"

Notes

Index

A Note About the Author

A Note on the Type
10 .

Illegitimate Sufferers: A-Bomb Victims, Medical Science, and the Government, in Daedalus
by Maya Todeschini. 3 pgs.

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11 .

Chernobyl Postmortem: Unresolved Obstacles Continue to Plague the Nuclear Industry, in Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy
by Alexey V. Yablokov. 5 pgs.

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12 .

Chernobyl Fallout and Outcome of Pregnancy in Finland, in Environmental Health Perspectives
by Anssi Auvinen, Mikko Vahteristo, Hannu Arvela, Matti Suomela, Tua Rahola, Matti Hakama, Tapio Rytomaa. 7 pgs.

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13 .

Permissible Dose: A History of Radiation Protection in the Twentieth Century ("The Fallout Controversy" begins on p. 18)
by J. Samuel Walker. 168 pgs.

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"A crisp and compelling assessment of the issues surrounding radiation protection. . . . Walker has a remarkable ability to make complicated issues clear and easy to understand. "--Allan M. Winkler, author of "Life under a Cloud"
"This concise and readable guide to the historical development of radiation protection standards by the federal government is exceptionally even-handed in discussing often controversial issues."--Barton C. Hacker, author of "Elements of Controversy"

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Contents

Figures

Preface

Chapter One: The Discovery of Radiation and Its Hazards

Chapter Two: The Debate Over Nuclear Power and Radiation

Chapter Three: The Role of Federal Agencies in Radiation Protection

Chapter Four: New Controversies, New Standards

Chapter Five: The Ambiguities of Radiation Effects

Essay on Sources

Index
14 .

Our Nuclear Future: Facts, Dangers, and Opportunities (Chap. X "The Radioactive Cloud")
by Edward Teller, Albert L. Latter. 186 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

List of Illustrations

Chapter I: The Need to Know

Chapter II: Atoms

Chapter III: Nuclei

Chapter IV: The Law of Radioactive Decay

Chapter V: Breakup of the Nucleus

Chapter VI: Reactions Between Nuclei

Chapter VII: Fission and the Chain Reaction

Chapter VIII: Action of Radiation on Matter

Chapter IX: The Test

Chapter X: The Radioactive Cloud

Chapter XI: From the Soil to Man

Chapter XII: Danger to the Individual

Chapter XIII: Danger to the Race

Chapter XIV: The Cobalt Bomb

Chapter XV: What About Future Tests?

Chapter XVI: Has Something Happened to the Weather?

Chapter XVII: Safety of Nuclear Reactors

Chapter XVIII: By-Products of Nuclear Reactors

Chapter XIX: The Nuclear Age

Glossary

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Radioactive Fallout

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