Philip (Philipp) Melanchthon

Melanchthon, Philip - məlăngkˈthən, 1497–1560, German scholar and humanist. He was second only to Martin Luther as a figure in the Lutheran Reformation. His original name was Schwarzerd [Ger.,=black earth; "melanchthon" is the Greek rendering of "black earth"]. A man of great intellect and wide learning, he was Read More...

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Philip (Philipp) Melanchthon

1 .

Human Freedom, Christian Righteousness: Philip Melanchthon's Exegetical Dispute with Erasmus of Rotterdam
by Timothy J. Wengert. 244 pgs.

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This book argues the provocative thesis that Philip Melanchthon, so often pictured as hopelessly caught in the middle between Erasmus and Luther, and more "Erasmian" than Lutheran in his thought, was, at least in his theological methods and views, not Erasmian at all, but in fact sharply opposed to Erasmus. Author Timothy J. Wengert builds his case largely on the basis of Melanchthon's Scholia on the Epistle of Paul to the Colossians, employing the critically important but seldom used second edition of 1528, which was produced in the aftermath of Luther and Erasmus's famous debate over the free will. Wengert also draws on a wide range of other contemporary sources, many of them well known but, as he argues, frequently misunderstood. Throughout this analysis he subjects a wide range of the secondary literature to sharp critical review. From the vantage point of a relatively narrow exegetical dispute, the book deals with a number of important topics: the complicated and elusive relationships between humanism and the Reformation, Erasmus and Luther, Erasmus and Melanchthon, and Melanchthon and Luther; the theological issues of proper biblical interpretation, of free will, and of divine and human righteousness; and the hotly contested social problem of political order. Human Freedom, Christian Righteousness will be of interest not only to students and scholars of Reformation theology, but to a broader audience of those concerned with Renaissance and Reformation history and literature.

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Title Page

Oxford Studies in Historical Theology

Contents

Preface

Part I: Background to the Dispute

1: Philip Melanchthon Alien to or Ally of Erasmus?

2: Melanchthon's Relation to Erasmus, 1519-1524

Part II: Ground Rules for an Exegetical Debate

3: Text and Tradition

4: Ratio Seu Methodus Melanchthonis

Part III: The Controversy Over Human Freedom and Christian Righteousness

5: Melanchthon's Controversy with Erasmus as Reflected in Their Correspondence, 1524-1528

6: Colossians Against Erasmus on the Freedom of the Will

7: Colossians 2:23 as Melanchthon's Politics""

Part IV: The Aftermath

8: Melanchthon at Erasmus's Funeral: 1528-1560

Appendix the Printing History of the Scholia

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index
2 .

Annotations on the First Epistle to the Corinthians
by Philipp Melanchthon, John Patrick Donnelly. 184 pgs.

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

Notes

Selected Bibliography

Philipp Melanchthon's Annotations on the First Epistle to the Corinthians

Chapter Ten

Notes
3 .

A History of Political Thought in the Sixteenth Century (1951) (Chap. II "Luther and Melanchthon")
by J. W. Allen. 530 pgs.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

Introduction

Chapter I: Introductory

Part I: Lutheranism and Calvinism

Chapter II: Luther and Melanchthon

Chapter III: The Anabaptist Protest

Chapter IV: Calvin

Chapter V: The Toleration Controversy

Chapter VI: The Break from Calvin

Chapter I: Preliminary

Part II: England

Chapter II: The Doctrine of Non-Resistance

Chapter III: The Very and True Commonweal

Chapter IV: The Theory of Royal Supremacy Under Henry VIii

Chapter V: The Supremacy of Elizabeth

Chapter VI: The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity

Chapter VII: The Catholic Protest

Chapter VIII: The Purit An Protest

Chapter IX: The Question of Toleration

Chapter X: Theories of the Constitution and Of Sovereignty

Part IIi: France

Chapter I: Preliminary

Chapter II: Le Grant Monarchie De France

Chapter III: Constitutional Theories § 1. Absolutist Theory

Chapter IV The Huguenots and Their Allies

Chapter V: Salamonius and Buchanan § 1. Salamonius

Chapter VI: The Catholic League and Its Allies

Chapter VII: The Divine Right of Kings

Chapter VIii: Jean Bodin

Part IV: Italy

Chapter I: Preliminary

Chapter II: Machiavelli

Chapter III: Guicciardini

Charter IV: Later Italian Thought

Bibliographical Notes

Index
4 .

Political Authority and Ecclesiology in Melanchthon's 'De Ecclesiae Autoritate,' in Church History
by Ralph Keen. 14 pgs.

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5 .

The Age of Luther: The Spirit of Renaissance-Humanism and the Reformation (1957) ("Melanchthon" begins on p. 450)
by Ida Walz Blayney. 504 pgs.

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Title Page

Foreword

Contents

Chapter I: Renaissance and Humanism in Europe Chaos and Efforts Toward Solution

Chapter II: Renaissance-Humanism in Germany

Chapter III: Renaissance Art Form Out of Chaos

Chapter IV: The Reformation -- Martin Luther

Chapter V: The Reformation -- Martin Luther

Luther References

References
6 .

Law and Protestantism: The Legal Teachings of the Lutheran Reformation ("The Legal Philosophy of Philip Melanchthon" begins on p. 121)
by Martin E. Marty, John Witte Jr. 337 pgs.

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The Lutheran Reformation of the early sixteenth century brought about immense and far-reaching change in the structures of church and state, and in religious and secular ideas. This book investigates the relationship between the law and religious ideology in Luther's Germany, showing how they developed in response to the momentum of Lutheran teachings and influence. John Witte, Jr. argues that it is not enough to understand the Reformation in either only theological or legal terms but that a perspective is required which takes proper account of both.

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Title Page

Contents

Illustrations

Foreword

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations

Introduction

1: Canon Law and Civil Law on the Eve of the Reformation

2: Loving Thine Enemy's Law: the Evangelical Conversion of Catholic Canon Law

3: A Mightyfortress: Luther and the Two-Kingdoms Framework

4: Perhaps Jurists Are Good Christians After All: Lutheran Theories of Law, Politics, and Society

5: From Gospel to Law: the Lutheran Reformation Laws

6: The Mother of All Earthlylaws: the Reformation of Marriage Law

7: The Civic Seminary: the Reformation of Education Law

Concluding Reflections

Bibliography

Index
7 .

The Colloquy of Montbeliard: Religion and Politics in the Sixteenth Century (Discussion of Philip Melanchthon begins on p. 52)
by Jill P. Raitt. 228 pgs.

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Focusing on the Colloquy of Montb'eliard, a theological debate in 1586 between Lutherans and Calvinists, Raitt explores the complex array of shifting political alliances and religious tensions which characterized the Holy Roman Empire after the Peace of Augsburg. When the Wars of Religion broke out in France, both sides courted allies. Often these alliances involved confessional tests--most often concerning the Eucharist. Modern readers might expect that such complex theological questions belong in seminaries, but in many cases, they took place at the request of people and princes. On the outcome of these debates depended the well-being of towns and villages as well as the disposition of troops and the conduct of wars. Raitt's study of the "age of confessionalism" uncovers the background and details of the Colloquy of Monteb((e'))liard and analyzes the nature and implications of the underlying theological conflict.

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Title Page

Acknowledgments

Contents

Foreword

Abbreviations

Introduction

Notes

1: Ancient Liberties and Evangelical Reform

Notes

2: The Political Background

Notes

3: The Lord's Supper

Notes

4: The Person of Christ

Notes

5: Images, Baptism, and Predestination

6: Aftermath (1): Polemics and Politics

Notes

7: Aftermath (2): The Larger Scene

Notes

Appendix 1 Appendix: in Which Is Taught, What Was Done, Regarding the Communication and Protest of the French Exiles After the Colloquy of Montbéliard

Notes

Appendix 2: Instrument

Appendix 3

Note

Bibliography of Works Cited

Index
8 .

Reformers in the Wings: From Geiler Von Kaysersberg to Theodore Beza ("Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560); Return to Method" begins on p. 49)
by David C. Steinmetz. 200 pgs.

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This book provides brief and accessible portraits of twenty of the secondary theologians of the Reformation period. In addition to describing a particular theologian, each portrait explores one problem in 16th-century Christian thought. Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, and Radical thinkers are all represented in this volume, which serves as both an introduction to the field and a handy reference for scholars.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

Reformers in the Wings

Introduction

I: Catholic Reform

1: Pastoral Care and Human Responsibility

2: Theology of the Praise of God

3: The Search for a Consensus

4: The Letter and the Spirit

5: The Loss of Eden

II: The Lutheran Tradition

6: Return to Method

7: Structures of the Church

8: The Renewal of Human Life

9: Set for the Defense of the Gospel

10: The Authority of the State

III: The Reformed Tradition

11: The Church and the Social Order

12: Covenant and the Continuity of Salvation History

13: The Birth of the Puritan Spirit

14: The Eucharistic Sacrifice

15: Eternal Predestination and Divine Sovereignty

IV: Radical Reformers

16: Reformation Without “tarrying for Anie”

17: The Renunciation of Structure

18: Free Will and Covenant

19: The Universal Word

20: The Church and the Old Testament

Notes

Biblography

Index
9 .

Philosophers and Religious Leaders ("Melanchthon, Philipp: Humanist and Reformation Theologian; Author of Influential Lutheran Documents 1497-1560" begins on p. 130)
by Christian D. Von Dehsen. 248 pgs.

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How did Elijah Muhammad's establishment of the Nation of Islam affect the civil rights movement in the United States? Philosophers and Religious Leaders answers that question and others as it presents 200 leaders whose lives and work have greatly influenced the world we live in today. Profiles include: Muhammad Abduh--architect of Islamic modernism. Mary Daly-- influential feminist theologian and philosopher. Mary Baker Eddy--founder of Christian Science. Mencius (Meng K'o)--Confucian moral philosopher and interpreter. Shang Yang--Chinese philosopher of legalist school.

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Table of Contents

Introduction

'Abduh, Muhammad: Architect of Islamic Modernism 1849-1905

Abelard, Peter: Theologian and Philosopher; Proponent of the Modern University 1079-1142

Abraham: First Biblical Patriarch c. 2000-1500 B.C.E.

Afghani, Jamal Ad- Din, Al-: Influential Twentieth-Century Pan-Islamist c. 1838-1897

Akhenaton: (Amenhotep IV) Egyptian Pharaoh; Advocate of Monolatry Reigned c. 1367-1350 B.C.E.

Akiba Ben Joseph: Early Interpreter of Jewish Law c. 40-.135

Anaximander: Philosopher-Scientist; Early Developer of Cosmological Theory c. 611-c. 547 B.C.E.

Anselm of Canterbury, Saint: Archbishop of Canterbury; Father of Scholasticism c.1033-1109

'Arabi, Ibn Al-: Master of Islamic Sufi Mysticism 1165-1240

Arendt, Hannah: Philosopher of Totalitarianism 1906-1975

Aristotle: Influential Greek Philosopher; Opponent of Platonic Concept of Forms 384-322 B.C.E.

Arjun: Fifth Sikh Guru; Compiler of the Adi Granth 1563-1606

Athanasius, Saint: Egyptian Bishop and Theologian; Developer of the New Testament Canon c. 293-373

Augustine of Hippo, Saint: Seminal Christian Theologian 354-430

Aurobindo Ghose: (Sri Aurobindo) Founder of Integral Yoga 1872-1950

Averroës: (Ibn Rushd) Islamic Theologian; Interpreter of Aristotle and Plato 1126-1198

Avicenna: (Ibn Sina) Islamic Philosopher; Synthesizer of Greek Thought 980-1037

Bacon, Francis: Philosopher of Science; Originator of Inductive Method of Scientific Inquiry 1561-1626

Baha' Allah: (Mirza Hoseyn Ali Nuri) Founder of Bahai Religion 1817-1892

Bakunin, Mikhail: Russian Revolutionary; Founder of Modern Anarchy 1814-1876

Barth, Karl: Christian Theologian and Originator of Neo-Orthodoxy; Active Opponent of Hitler 1886-1968

Benedict of Nursia, Saint: Founder of Basic Structure of Western Monasticism c. 480-547

Bentham, Jeremy: English Jurist and Philosopher; Expounder of Utilitarianism 1748-1832

Berkeley, George: Founder of Idealism 1685-1753

Bernadette of Lourdes, Saint (marie Bernarde Soubirous): Roman Catholic Visionary 1844-1879

Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint: Defender of Christianity Against Rationalism 1090-1153

Bihbihani, Aka Sayyid Muhammad Bakir: Influential Shiite Legal Scholar c. 1705-c. 1792

Blavatsky, Helena Petrovna: Founder of the Theosophical Movement 1831-1891

Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus: Influential Medieval Philosopher; Architect of Scholasticism c. 480-c. 524

Boff, Leonardo: Influential Liberation Theologian 1938-

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich: German Theologian; Influential Nazi Resister 1900-1945

Buber, Martin: Religious Philosopher; Developer of Jewish Existentialism 1878-1965

Buddha: (Siddhartha Gautama) Founder of Buddhism c. 600-c. 400 B.C.E.

Bushnell, Horace: Protestant Theologian; Father of American Religious Liberalism 1802-1876

Calvin, John: Theologian; Leading Protestant Reformer 1509-1564

Channing, William Ellery: Early Unitarian Church Leader 1780-1842

Columba, Saint: Founder of the Influential Christian Community at Iona 521-597

Comte, Auguste: Founder of Sociology 1798-1857

Cone, James Hal: Architect of Black Liberation Theology 1938-

Confucius (k'Ung Ch'Iu): Chinese Philosopher; Founder of Confucianism 551-479 B.C.E.

Cranmer, Thomas: Leader of the English Reformation 1489-1556

Cyril of Alexandria, Saint: Architect of Early Christian Christology c. 375-444

Dalai Lama (tenzin Gyatso): Spiritual Leader of Tibetan Buddhism 1935-

Daly, Mary: Influential Feminist Theologian and Philosopher 1928-

David: Important Biblical Figure; Founder of Jerusalem Tenth Century B.C.E.

Derrida, Jacques: Postmodern French Philosopher; Proponent of Deconstructionism 1930-

Descartes, René: Originator of the Framework of Modern Philosophy 1596-1650

Dewey, John: Father of Progressive Education 1859-1952

Diderot, Denis: Encyclopedist and Major Philosopher of the French Enlightenment 1713-1784

Du Bois, W. E. B.: Black Nationalist Leader; Founder of the NAACP 1868-1963

Durkheim, Émile: Founder of Modern Methods of Sociology 1858-1917

Eddy, Mary Baker: Founder of Christian Science 1821-1910

Einhorn, David: Theologian of Reform Judaism 1809-1879

Elijah: Hebrew Prophet; Monotheist c. 9th Century B.C.E.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo: Pioneer of Transcendentalism 1803-1882

Epictetus: Influential Stoic Philosopher c. 50-c. 135

Epicurus: Founder of Epicurean School of Philosophy 341-270 B.C.E.

Erasmus, Desiderius: Humanist Theologian and Scholar; Christian Proponent of Free Will c.1469-1536

Farabi, Al-: First Theologian to Relate Islamic Theology to Greek Philosophy c. 878-c. 950

Fatimah Bint Muhammad: Daughter of Muhammad; Matriarch of the Shiite Sect c. 610-633

Fa-Tsang: Systematizer of Huayan School of Chinese Buddhism 643-712

Fichte, Johann Gottlieb: Philosopher of Transcendental Idealism 1762-1814

Fortune, Dion: Founder of the Society of the Inner Light 1890-1946

Foucault, Michel: Wide-ranging Twentieth-Century Philosopher 1926-1984

Fox, George: Founder of the Quakers 1624-1691

Francis of Assisi, Saint: Founder of the Franciscan Order of Friars c. 1181-1226

Gadamer, Hans-Georg: Philosopher of Hermeneutics 1900-

Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (mahatma): Father of Indian Independence; Leading Advocate of Nonviolent Protest 1869-1948

Garrison, William Lloyd: Leader of Abolitionist Movement 1805-1879

Garvey, Marcus: Founder and Leader of the Black Nationalist Movement 1887-1940

Ghazali, Al-: Influential Islamic Theologian and Mystic 1058-1111

Gladden, Solomon Washington: Protestant Leader of Social Gospel Movement 1836-1918

Gobind Singh: Founder of Khalsa Sect of Sikhism 1666-1708

Gregory I, Pope: Early Pope and Church Reformer c. 540-604

Gutiérrez, Gustavo: Originator of Latin American Liberation Theology 1928-

Hallaj, Al: Founder of the Sufi Halladjiyya Sect c. 858-922

Han-Fei-Tzu: Major Scholar of Chinese Legalist School c. 280-c. 233 B.C.E.

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: Pioneer of Dialectical Historical Method 1770-1831

Heidegger, Martin: Influential Twentieth-Century Existential Philosopher 1889-1976

Herodotus: Father of European History c. 484--c. 425 B.C.E.

Heschel, Abraham Joshua: Influential Jewish Theologian and Social Activist 1907-1972

Hildegard Von Bingen, Saint: Major Figure in Medieval Mystical Tradition 1098-1179

Hsün-Tzu: Influential Confucian Moral Philosopher c. 300--c. 230 B.C.E.

Hubbard, L. Ron: Founder of the Church of Scientology 1911-1986

Hume, David: Major Enlightenment Philosopher; Critic of Empiricism 1711-1776

Hus, Jan: Czech Reformer of the Christian Church 1372-1415

Husserl, Edmund: Philosopher and Founder of Phenomenology 1859-1938

Ignatius of Loyola, Saint: Founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 1491-1556

Israel Ben Eliezer: (Ba'al Shem Tov) Founder of the Jewish Hasidic Movement c. 1700-1760

James, William: Preeminent American Psychologist; Philosophical Pragmatist 1842-1910

Jefferson, Thomas: Principal Author of the U.S. Declaration of Independence 1743-1826

Jeremiah: Biblical Prophet Influential in Diaspora Judaism c. 645--c. 570 B.C.E.

Jerome, Saint: Christian Theologian; Translator of the Bible into Latin c. 347-419/20

Jesus: Teacher, Healer, and Savior of the Christian Tradition c. 4 B.C.E.--c. 30 C.E.

Joan of Arc, Saint: National Heroine and Patron Saint of France c.1412-1431

John Xxiii, Pope: (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli) Pope and Modern Reformer of the Roman Catholic Church 1881-1963

John Paul Ii, Pope: (Karol Wojtyla) Influential Roman Catholic Pope 1920-

Junayd, Abu Al- Qasim, Al-: Architect of the First Theoretical Foundations of Sufism c. 825-c. 910

Kant, Immanuel: Leading Enlightenment Philosopher 1724-1804

Kaplan, Mordecai Menahem: American-Jewish Theologian; Founder of Reconstructionist Judaism 1881-1983

Keynes, John Maynard: Influential Political Economist; Advocate of Government Intervention in Economic Affairs 1883-1946

Khaldun, Ibn: Originator of the Sociological Approach to History 1332-1406

Khomeini, Ruhollah: Influential Twentieth-Century Islamic Leader c.1900-1989

Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye: Influential Existentialist Philosopher 1813-1855

Kindi, Yaqub Ibn: Ishaq as-Sabah, al- Islamic Philosopher and Synthesizer of Greek Thought c.800-c.873

King, Martin Luther, Jr.: Preeminent Civil Rights Leader 1929-1968

Lao-Tzu: Founder of Taoism c. 570-490 B.C.E.

Lee, Ann (mother Ann): Founder and Spiritual Leader of the Shakers 1736-1784

Locke, John: Architect of Classical Political Liberalism 1632-1704

Luther, Martin: Principal Figure in the Protestant Reformation 1483-1546

Machiavelli,: Niccolò Founder of Modern Political Science 1469-1527

Madhva: Founder of Hindu School of Dvaita Vedanta c.1199-c.1278

Madison, James: Principal Architect of the United States Constitution 1751-1836

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Founder of Transcendental Meditation 1911 (?)--

Mahavira (vardhamana): Founder of Jainism c.599-c.527 B.C.E.

Macolm X: (Malcolm Little) Militant Black Activist; Minister of the Nation of Islam 1925-1965

Mani (manes; Manichaeus): Founder of Manichaeism 216-c. 274

Mann, Horace: Educational Philosopher and Reformer; Advocate of Free Public Schools 1796-1859

Marcion: Influential Early Christian Heretic 1st-2nd Century C.E.

Marcus Aurelius: Roman Emperor; Stoic "Philosopher-King" 121-180

Marx, Karl: Originator of Marxism 1818-1883

Mary: Mother of Jesus; Object of Catholic Veneration 1t Century B.C.E.-1t Century C.E.

Matta Ibn Yunus: Early Arabic Commentator on Aristotle d. 940

Melanchthon, Philipp: Humanist and Reformation Theologian; Author of Influential Lutheran Documents 1497-1560

Mencius (meng K'O): Confucian Moral Philosopher and Interpreter c. 371-c. 289 B.C.E.

Mill, John Stuart: Pioneer of Utilitarianism 1806-1873

Montaigne, Michel Eyquem De: Influential French Philosopher and Essayist 1533-1592

Montesquieu, Baron De La Brède Et De: (Charles Louis de Secondat) Originator of the Theory of the Separation of Powers 1689-1755

Montessori, Maria: Educational Philosopher; Originator of the Montessori Method 1870-1952

Moon, Sun Myung: Evangelist and Founder of the Unification Church 1920-

More, Sir Thomas, Saint: Author of Utopia; Defender of the Roman Catholic Faith 1477-1535

Moses: First Leader and Lawgiver of the Ancient Israelites c. 13th century B.C.E.

Moses Ben Maimon (maimonides): Medieval Jewish Philosopher; Codifier of Jewish Law 1135-1204

Muhammad: Prophet and Founder of Islam c. 570-632

Muhammad, Elijah: (Elijah Poole) Leader of the Nation of Islam 1897-1975

Nanak: Founder of Sikhism 1469-1539

Niebuhr, Reinhold: Political Theologian; Advocate of Christian Political Activism 1892-1971

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm: Influential Philosopher and Critic of Judeo-Christian Tradition 1844-1900

Origen: (Oregenes Adamantius) Synthesizer of Early Christian Theology c. 185-c. 255

Palmer, Phoebe Worrall: Founder of the Holiness Movement 1807-1874

Parham, Charles Fox: Founder of American Pentecostalism 1873-1929

Pascal, Blaise: Influential Mathematician, Theologian, and Philosopher of Science 1623-1662

Patañjali: Traditional Author of the Yoga-Sutras c. 220 B.C.E. to c. 400 C.E.

Patrick, Saint: Patron Saint and National Apostle of Ireland c. 390-c. 461

Paul (saul of Tarsus): Influential Early Christian Thinker and Missionary c. 5 B.C.E.--c. 64 C.E.

Peirce, Charles Sanders: Founder of Pragmatism 1839-1914

Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich: Influential Educational Philosopher and Reformer 1746-1827

Philo Judaeus (philo of Alexandria): Hellenistic Interpreter of Jewish Law c. 20 B.C.E.-c. 50 C.E.

Piaget, Jean: Pioneer of Developmental Child Psychology 1896-1980

Plato: Influential Greek Philosopher c. 428-c. 347 B.C.E.

Pythagoras: Pre-Socratic Philosopher of Mathematical Realism c. 580-c. 500 B.C.E.

Rabi'Ah Al'Adawiyah: Architect of Sufi Asceticism c. 717-801

Ramakrishna: (Gadadhar Chatterji) Hindu Mystic Reformer c. 1835-1886

Ramanuja: Founder of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta c. 1017-1137 (traditionally)

Rauschenbusch, Walter: Leader of the Social Gospel Movement 1861-1918

Reid, Thomas: Founder of the Philosophical School of Common Sense 1710-1796

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Political Philosopher; Developer of the Social Contract Theory 1712-1778

Roy, Ram Mohun: Reformer of Hinduism; Founder of Brahmo Samaj 1772-1833

Russell, Bertrand: Influential Twentieth-Century Philosopher; Founder of Logicism 1872-1970

Russell, Charles Taze: Founder of the Jehovah's Witnesses 1852-1916

Sartre, Jean-Paul: Preeminent Twentieth-Century Existentialist 1905-1980

Savonarola, Girolamo: Italian Church Reformer; Millenarian Prophet 1452-1498

Schneerson, Menachem Mendel: Head of the Habad-Lubavitch Sect of Hasidic Judaism 1902-1994

Schopenhauer, Arthur: Exponent of the Metaphysical Doctrine of the Will 1788-1860

Seton, Elizabeth Ann, Saint: First American-Born Saint; Founder of the Sisters of Charity 1774-1821

Shafi'I, Abu 'Abd Allah, Ash-: Preeminent Islamic Legal Scholar 767-820

Shang Yang: (Kung-sun Yang) Chinese Philosopher of Legalist School c. 390-338 B.C.E.

Shankara: Founder of Advaita Vedanta Hinduism c. 700-c. 750

Smith, Adam: Philosopher and Political Economist; Originator of Modern Liberal Economic Theory 1723-1790

Smith, Joseph: Founder of the Mormon Church 1805-1844

Socrates of Athens: First Greek Philosopher of the Western Tradition; Developer of Socratic Method c. 469-399 B.C.E.

Spinoza, Benedict De: First Philosophical Defender of Democracy 1632-1677

Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Prominent Abolition ist; Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin 1811-1896

Strong, Josiah: Promoter of the Social Gospel; Leader of the Ecumenical Movement 1847-1916

Teresa, Mother: (Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu) Founder of the Order of the Missionary Sisters of Charity 1910-1997

Teresa of Ávila, Saint: Christian Mystic; Founder of the Order of Barefoot Carmelites 1515-1582

Thales of Miletus: Originator of the Foundations of Greek Philosophy and Science c. 624--c. 546 B.C.E.

Thomas Aquinas, Saint: Christian Theologian; Synthesizer of Faith and Reason c. 1224-1274

Thoreau, Henry David: Leading Transcendentalist Philosopher 1817-1862

Tillich, Paul: Theologian and Philosopher; Reconciler of Christian Thought with Modern Culture 1886-1965

Torquemada, Tomás De: First Grand Inquisitor of Spanish Inquisition 1420-1498

Tutu, Desmond: Anglican Archbishop of South Africa; Fighter Against Apartheid 1931-

Urban Ii, Pope: (Odo of Lagery) Initiator of the Crusades c. 1035-1099

Vivekananda: (Narendranath Datta or Dutt) Promoter of Hinduism in Western Society 1863-1902

Voltaire: (FraņE7ois-Marie Arouet) Leading Philosopher of the French Enlightenment 1694-1778

Washington, Booker Taliaferro: Influential Educator and Spokesperson for African Americans 1856-1915

Wesley, John: Anglican Clergyman; Founder of Methodism 1703-1791

White, Ellen Gould: Founder and Spiritual Leader of the Seventh-Day Adventists 1827-1915

Wise, Isaac Mayer: Founder of American Reform Judaism 1819-1900

Wittgenstein, Ludwig: Major Philosopher of the Twentieth Century 1889-1951

Wovoka: Native American Religious Leader; Leader of Ghost Dance Movement c.1856-1932

Wycliffe, John: English Church Reformer; Forerunner of the Protestant Reformation c. 1330-1384

Young, Brigham: Early Influential Mormon Leader 1801-1877

Zeno of Citium: Founder of Stoic Philosophy c. 335-c. 263 B.C.E.

Zoroaster (zarathustra) Founder of Zoroastrianism C. 1000 B.C.E.

Appendices, Bibliography, and Index

APPENDIX, ONE:: Highlights in the History of Philosophy and Religion

APPENDIX TWO:: Geographic Listing of Biographies

APPENDIX THREE:: Chronological Listing of Biographies

APPENDIX FOUR:: Alphabetical Listing of Biographies

Bibliography

Index
10 .

Biographical Dictionary of Christian Theologians ("Melanchthon, Philipp" begins on p. 358)
by Patrick W. Carey, Joseph T. Lienhard. 589 pgs.

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The last 20 centuries of Christian history have witnessed the emergence of numerous theological traditions. This reference provides alphabetically arranged entries for more than 450 Christian theologians. Included are entries for those individuals whose work was primarily in systematic and spiritual theology, or who were church historians chiefly concerned with theological matters. Whenever possible, each entry provides basic biographical information, a brief account of the theologian's education and career, and a summary of the person's most important contributions to theology. The entries end with bibliographies of primary and secondary sources, while the volume concludes with a selected, general bibliography.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Biographies

Selected Bibliography

Index

Contributors
11 .

The Protestant Reformation in Sixteenth-Century Italy, Vol. XLIII: Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies ("Melanchthon and Venice" begins on p. 108)
by Salvatore Caponetto, Anne C. Tedeschi, John Tedeschi. 452 pgs.

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A lifetime of research is woven into 'La Riforma protestante nell' Italia del Cinquecento' by Salvatore Caponetto. Caponetto bases his work heavily on original sources, including Holy Office records. Now, Anne C. and John Tedeschi, with the support of the American Waldensian Society, present us with an English translation.

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Contents

Translators' Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

I: Luther's Message in the Crisis of the Early Sixteenth Century

Bibliographical Note

2: The Image of Luther and the Origins of the Italian Reformation

Bibliographical Note

3: From the Spoken to the Written Word

Bibliographical Note

4: The Lutheran Tide" (1517-1546)"

Bibliographical Note

5: Juan De ValdÉs and Valdesianism

Bibliographical Note

6: The Beneficio Di GiesÙ Christo Andthe Diffusion of Valdesianism in Tuscany and the Veneto

Bibliographical Note

7: The End of an Illusion

Bibliographical Note

8: Politics and Religion

Bibliographical Note

9: The Waldensians Joins the Reformation: Calvinism in the Piedmont

Bibliographical Note

10: Italy's Other Gateway: The Istria of the Vergerio Brothers

Bibliographical Note

II: In the Arc of the Three Venices

Bibliographical Note

12: Venice: A Revolutionary Clearinghouse

Bibliographical Note

13: Calvinsm in Lombardy and the Valtellina

Bibliographical Note

14: RenÉe De France and Calvinism at Ferrara and Faenza

15: The Scandal of Modena and Mantua

Bibliographical Note

16: Om Erasmus to Calvin: Lucca, Florence, and Siena

Bibliographical Note

17: The Counter-Reformation

18: Mediterranean Calvinism

Bibliographical Note

19: Mediterranean Calvinism: Spanish Sicily and Sardinia

Bibliographical Note

20: Ecclesia Peregrinorum""

Bibliographical Note

21: Hoping Against Hope

Appendix to the Text

Bibliographical Appendix

Appendix Lorenzo Lotto Philo-Reformer?

A Comment on the ILlustrations Hors-Texte

Index
12 .

Medieval and Renaissance Humanism: Rhetoric, Representation, and Reform ("The Apex of Humanist Pedagogy: Erasmus, Vives, Melanchthon" begins on p.139 and "Mussato and Melanchthon" begins on p. 150)
by Stephen Gersh, Bert Roest. 309 pgs.

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This volume discusses humanist aspects of medieval and Renaissance intellectual life and thought and of their appropriation by modern history and literature. It charts the humanist representations of the scholarly enterprise, the self-representation of the intellectual, the representation of individuality in humanist literature, as well as the problem field of Renaissance humanism as an ideological programme of educational, moral, and political reform. The volume is particularly useful for medievalists and Renaissance scholars, as well as for historians specialised in the history of medieval and Renaissance art, medicine music and education.

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Contents

Introduction

Eriugenian Developments of Ciceronian Topical Theory

Orfeo Ed Euridice, Philology and Mercury: Marriage as Metaphor for Relationship Within Composition

Elective Affinities: Love, Hatred, Playfulness and the Self in Bernard and Abelard

Petrarchan Cartographic Writing

In Search of Fame: Self-Representation in Neo-Latin Humanism

Rhetoric of Innovation and Recourse to Tradition in Humanist Pedagogical Discourse

Humanist Values in the Early Modern Drama

Why Did Alberti Not Illustrate His De Pictura?

The Underworld of Chaucer's House of Fame: Virgil, Claudian, and Dante

Through the Looking Glass of Ulrich Pinder: the Impact of Humanism on the Career of a Nuremberg Town Physician Around 1500

Jewish Intellectual Culture in Renaissance Context

Pound's Humanistic Paradigm for the Rejuvenation of Modern Poetics

Appendix

Bibliography

About the Authors

Index

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