Bioethics

Bioethics - in philosophy, a branch of ethics concerned with issues surrounding health care and the biological sciences. These issues include the morality of abortion, euthanasia, in vitro fertilization, and organ transplants (see transplantation, medical). In the 1970s bioethics emerged as a discipline with its own experts, often professional philosophers, who developed university courses Read More...

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Bioethics

1 .

Bioethics as Practice
by Judith Andre. 253 pgs.

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Writing as a participant in the bioethics field, Andre offers a model to unify its diversity. Using the term "bioethics" broadly, to include all the medical humanities, she articulates ideals for the field, identifies its temptations and moral pitfalls, and argues for the central importance of certain virtues.

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Bioethics as Practice

Contents

Preface

1: November 1994

2: Bioethics as Something New

3: Bioethics as a Territory an Allegory

4: The Languages of Bioethics

5: Bioethics as a Practice

6: Bioethics and Moral Development

7: Virtue in Bioethics Choosing Projects Well

8: The Goods We Want and the Goods We Need a Call for Integrity and Discernment

9: Virtuous Communities

10: Intellectual Virtue and Interdisciplinary Work

11: A New Millennium

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Studies in Social Medicine
2 .

Bioethics: The Ethics of Evolution and Genetic Interference
by H. F. Matare. 150 pgs.

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Arguing that human evolution has come to a stand-still, this book sets out to explore the evolutionary steps that have defined life on this planet. It describes the stages from cosmic to chemical and biological evolution and to the development of civilization and culture. From this scientific approach, the author concludes that new rules of ethics are required in order to maintain and improve the civilization and culture of humanity. Matare argues for corrective genetic interference and explores the moral implications.

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Contents

Preface

Introduction: World Comprising Transcendency of Evolutionary Experience

Chapter 1: Evolution as a Principle in Nature

Chapter 2: Evolution in the Mammalian Sphere

Chapter 3: Evolution in the Human Sphere

Chapter 4: Evolution and Culture

Chapter 5: Consequences for the Future

Notes

Bibliography

Index

About the Author
3 .

Life, Death, and Subjectivity: Moral Sources in Bioethics
by Stan Van Hooft. 253 pgs.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

1: Health Care as a Practice

2: The Virtue of Caring

3: The Role of Bioethics

4: Caring Knowledge

5: Methodology

6: Structure of the Book

One: Subjectivity

1: Anti-Essentialism

2: Intentional Systems

3: Subjectivity

4: Intersubjectivity

5: Existence

Two: The Moral Significance of Persons

1: The Moral Status of Human Beings

2: "Person" in the Natural Law Tradition

3: "Person" in Secular Moral Theory

4: A New Question

5: The "Call" of Persons

6: Conclusion

Three: Reconciling Caring and Justice

1: Onora O''Neill

2: Paul Ricoeur

3: The Ethical Aim

4: The Bifurcation Overcome

5: Debate in Bioethics

Four: Respect for Life

1: Toward a Metaphysics of Life

2: The Science of Life

3: The Value of Life

Five: Life as a Moral Source

1: The Moral Character of Life-Nietzsche

2: The Moral Character of Life-Whitehead

3: The Ethical Character of Life- Schweitzer Contra Nietzsche

4: Extending the Ethical—emmanuel Levinas

5: The Scope of Schweitzer''s Ethics of Life

Six: Living Subjectivity

1: Toward a Phenomenology of Subjectivity

2: Narrative Conceptions of Living

3: Bioethical Implications

Seven: What Is Death?

1: A Paradigm Case

2: Death and Dying

3: Other Cases

4: The Deaths of Persons

5: A New Beginning

6: Bioethical Problems

7: Death and Subjectivity

1: Why Pursue an Acceptance of Death?

Eight: Accepting Death

2: Indifference

3: Rejection

4: Acceptance

5: Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

About the Author

Index
4 .

Bioethics for Scientists
by John Bryant, Linda Baggott La Velle, John Searle. 360 pgs.

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Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I: Setting the Scene

1: Introduction to Ethics and Bioethics

2: The Public Evaluation of Science and Technology

Part II: Ethics and the Natural World

3: Introduction to Environmental Ethics

4: The Use of the Rainforest as a Test Case in Environmental Ethics

5: Environmental Ethics: Further Case-Studies

6: Human Use of Non-Human Animals: A Biologist's View

7: Human Use of Non-Human Animals: A Philosopher's Perspective

Part III: Ethical Issues in Agriculture and Food Production

8: GM Crops and Food: A Scientific Perspective

9: Questioning GM Foods

10: The Patenting of Genes for Agricultural Biotechnology

11: Crop Biotechnology and Developing Countries

Part IV: Ethical Issues in Biomedical Science

12: Starting Human Life: The New Reproductive Technologies

13: Genetic Information: Use and Abuse

14: Human Genetics and Genetic Enhancement

15: Patenting Human Genes: Ethical and Policy Issues

16: Cloning of Animals and Humans

17: Dealing with Death: Euthanasia and Related Issues

18: Animal Experimentation in Biomedical Research

Glossary

Index
5 .

Bioethics: A Nursing Perspective
by Megan-Jane Johnstone. 535 pgs.

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This classic work has been instrumental in establishing nursing ethics as a legitimate and discrete field of inquiry and practice. BIOETHICS, A NURSING PERSPECTIVE, 3RD EDITION provides nurses with a text that covers the history and nature of mainstream bioethics and its relationship to nursing. It also stimulates critical thinking on bioethical issues as these relate to the real world of the practising nurse.

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Bioethics: A Nursing Perspective

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: The Changing Moral World and Its Implications for the Nursing Profession

Chapter 2: Be Good Women but Do Not Bother with a Code of Ethics

Chapter 3: Ethics, Bioethics and Nursing Ethics: Some Working Definitions

Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspectives Informing Ethical Conduct

Chapter 5: A Feminist Perspective on Ethics and Bioethics

Chapter 6: A Transcultural Perspective on Ethics and Bioethics

Chapter 7: Moral Problems and Moral Decision-Making in Nursing

Chapter 8: Patients' Rights to and in Health Care

Chapter 9: Human Rights and the Mentally Ill

Chapter 10: Ethical Issues Associated with the Reporting of Child Abuse

Chapter 11: Abortion and the Nursing Profession

Chapter 12: Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide

Chapter 13: Suicide and Parasuicide

Chapter 14: Quality of Life, 'Not for Treatment' and 'Not for Resuscitation' Directives

Chapter 15: Taking a Stand: Conscientious Objection, Strike Action and Institutional Ethics Committees

Chapter 16: Promoting Ethical Nursing Practice

Appendix I: Code for Nurses Ethical Concepts Applied to Nursing, 1973 International Council of Nurses

Appendix II: Consumer Health Rights

Appendix III: Anci Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia

Appendix IV: Patients' Bill of Rights Australian Nursing Federation (Western Australian Branch) Position Paper

Appendix V: Patients' Bill of Rights Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) Position Paper

Appendix VI: Nursing Care of the Person Who Is Dying

Appendix VII: New Zealand Nurses Organisation Code of Ethics

Appendix VIII: Code of Professional Conduct United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (June 1992)

Appendix IX: American Nurses' Association Code for Nurses

Appendix X: Code of Ethics for Nursing Canadian Nurses' Association

Appendix XI: Position Statement Ethics in Nursing Practice

Appendix XII: Position Statement Conscientious Objection

References

Index

The Owner of This Book
6 .

Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics
by Onora O'Neill. 213 pgs.

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Onora O'Neill suggests that the conceptions of individual autonomy (so widely relied on in bioethics) are philosophically and ethically inadequate; they undermine rather than support relationships based on trust. Her arguments are illustrated with issues raised by such practices as the use of genetic information by the police, research using human tissues, new reproductive technologies, and media practices for reporting on medicine, science and technology. The study appeals to a wide range of readers in ethics, bioethics and related disciplines.

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Contents

Preface

Chapter One: Gaining Autonomy and Losing Trust?

Chapter Two: Autonomy, Individuality and Consent

Chapter Three: 'Reproductive Autonomy' and New Technologies

Chapter Four: Principled Autonomy

Chapter Five: Principled Autonomy and Genetic Technologies

Chapter Six: The Quest for Trustworthiness

Chapter Seven: Trust and the Limits of Consent

Chapter Eight: Trust and Communication: the Media and Bioethics

Bibliography

Institutional Bibliography

Index
7 .

Bioethics in a Liberal Society
by Max Charlesworth. 172 pgs.

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This readable and balanced book is an original discussion of contemporary issues in bioethics. Max Charlesworth argues that as there can be no public consensus on a set of core values--liberal societies accept a variety of religious, nonreligious, political and moral stances, there should be a plurality of ethical stances as well. On this basis he discusses issues such as the ending of human life, new reproductive technologies and the ethical distribution of limited healthcare resources, particularly hospital care.

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Contents

1 Introduction

2 Autonomy and The Liberal Ideal

NOTES

NOTES

4 Beginning Life

NOTES

5 Distributing Health-Care Resources

NOTES

6 Consensus in A Liberal Society

NOTES

Index
8 .

Bioethics: A Primer for Christians
by Gilbert Meilaender. 126 pgs.

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Contents

Preface to the Second Edition

Introduction

1: Christian Vision

2: Procreation versus Reproduction

3: Abortion

4: Genetic Advance

5: Prenatal Screening

6: Suicide and Euthanasia

7: Refusing Treatment

8: Who Decides?

9: Gifts of the Body: Organ Donation

10: Gifts of the Body: Human Experimentation

11: Embryos: The Smallest of Research Subjects

12: Sickness and Health

Index
9 .

Culture of Death: The Assault on Medical Ethics in America (Chap. 7 "Toward a 'Human Rights' Bioethics")
by Wesley J. Smith. 285 pgs.

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When his teenaged son Christopher, brain-damaged in a car accident, developed a 106-degree fever following weeks of unconsciousness, John Campbell asked the attending physician for help. The doctor refused. Why bother? The boy's life was effectively over. Campbell refused to accept this verdict. He demanded treatment and threatened legal action. The doctor finally relented. With treatment, Christopher's temperature subsided almost immediately. Soon afterwards he regained consciousness and today he is learning to walk again. This story is one of many Wesley Smith recounts in this groundbreaking. Smith believes that American medicine "is changing from a system based on the sanctity of human life into a starkly utilitarian model in which the medically defenceless are seen as having not just a 'right' but a 'duty' to die." Going behind the current scenes of our health care system, he shows how doctors withdraw desired care based on Futile Care Theory rather than provide it as required by the Hippocratic Oath. And how 'bioethicists' influence policy by considering questions such as whether organs may be harvested from the terminally ill and disabled.

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Other Books by Wesley J. Smith

Culture of Death

To Ralph Nader: Friend, Mentor, Visionary

Contents

Introduction

1: Harsh Medicine

2: Life Unworthy of Life

3: The Price of Autonomy

4: Creating a Duty to Die

5: Organ Donors or Organ Farms?

6: Protecting Animals at the Expense of People

7: Toward a "Human Rights" Bioethics

Acknowledgments

Appendix

Notes

Index
10 .

American Bioethics: Crossing Human Rights and Health Law Boundaries
by George J. Annas. 244 pgs.

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Contents

Introduction

1: Bioethics and Bioterrorism

2: Human Rights and Health

3: The Man on the Moon

4: The Endangered Human

5: The Right to Health

6: Capital Punishment

7: Conjoined Twins

8: Patient Rights

9: White Coat Police

10: Partial Birth Abortion

11: The Shadowlands

12: Waste and Longing

Concluding Remarks: Bioethics, Health Law, and Human Rights Boundary Crossings

Appendix A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Appendix B: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Appendix C: International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

Appendix D: The Nuremberg Code

Notes

Index
11 .

Globalizing Feminist Bioethics: Crosscultural Perspectives
by Rosemarie Tong, Gwen Anderson, Aida Santos. 368 pgs.

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Globalizing Feminist Bioethics is a collection of new essays on the topic of international bioethics that developed out of the Third World Congress of the International Association of Bioethics in 1996. Rosemarie Tong is the primary editor of this collection, in which she, Gwen Anderson, and Aida Santos look at such international issues as female genital cutting, fatal daughter syndrome, use of reproductive technologies, male responsibility, pediatrics, breast cancer, pregnancy, and drug testing.

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Globalizing Feminist Bioethics: Crosscultural Perspectives

Contents

Acronyms

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1: Feminist Reflections on the Role of Theories in a Global Bioethics

Part One: Theoretical Perspectives

2: Is a Global Bioethics Possible as Well as Desirable?

3: Feminism and Genetic Nursing: Globalizing Transdisciplinary Teams

4: Kagandahang Loob: a Filipino Concept of Feminine Bioethics

5: Feminist Bioethics: the Emergence of the Oppressed

Part Two: Reproductive, Genetic, and Sexual Health

6: Shifts of Attention: the Experience of Pregnancy in Dualist and Nondualist Cultures

7: Normalizing Reproductive Technologies and the Implications for Autonomy

8: Autonomy and Procreation: Brazilian Feminist Analyses

9: Friendly Persuasion? Legislative Enforcement of Male Responsibility for Contraception

10: So Bitter That No Words Can Describe It: Mainland Chinese Women's Moral Experiences and Narratives of Abortion

11: Cultural Differences and Sex Selection

12: Fatal Daughter Syndrome

13: Human Cloning and the Problem of Scarcity: a Sartrean Perspective

14: Maria's Desire: Considerations about a Moment of "Genetic Counseling" for Breast Cancer

15: Female Genital Circumcision and Conventionalist Ethical Relativism

16: Hiv/Aids and Prostitution in Mainland China: a Feminist Perspective

Part Three: Medical Research and Treatment

17: Ways to Approach the Problem of Including Women in Clinical Drug Trials

18: Globalization, Gender, and Research

19: Realizing Justice in Health Research for Women: Reflections on Democratizing Decisionmaking

20: What Can Survivors of Nazi Experiments Teach Us All?

21: Organ Transplantation and Community Values: Concerns of a Feminist Grief Counselor

22: Serving Nationalist Ideologies: Health Professionals and the Violation of Women's Rights: the Case of Apartheid South Africa

Epilogue

About the Editors and Contributors

Index
12 .

Feminist Approaches to Bioethics: Theoretical Reflections and Practical Applications
by Rosemarie Tong. 280 pgs.

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No other group of medical issues affects the genders as differently as those related to procreation. In this book, Tong offers an approach to feminist bioethics designed to guide the various factions towards a consensus.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

Prologue

Part One: Theoretical Overview

1: Nonfeminist Approaches To Ethics

2: Feminist Approaches To Ethics

3: Nonfeminist Approaches To Bioethics

4: Feminist Approaches To Bioethics

Part Two: Practical Applications

5: Nonfeminist And Feminist Perspectives On Contraception And Sterilization

6: Nonfeminist and Feminist Perspectives on Abortion

7: Nonfeminist And Feminist Perspectives On Artificial Insemination And In-Vitro Fertilization

8: Feminist and Nonfeminist Perspectives on Surrogacy

9: Feminist and Nonfeminist Perspectives on Genetic Screening, Diagnosis, Counseling, and Therapy

Epilogue

Notes

About the Book And Author

Index
13 .

African American Bioethics: Culture, Race, and Identity
by Lawrence J. Prograis Jr., Edmund D. Pellegrino. 169 pgs.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Culture and Bioethics

Chapter 1: Revisiting African American Perspectives on Biomedical Ethics

Chapter 2: The Moral Weight of Culture in Ethics

Chapter 3: Whitewashing Black Health

Chapter 4: Race, Equity, Health Policy, and the African American Community

Chapter 5: Religion and Ethical Decision Making in the African American Community

Chapter 6: Personal Narrative and an African American Perspective on Medical Ethics

Chapter 7: Does an African American Perspective Alter Clinical Ethical Decision Making at the Bedside?

Chapter 8: Race, Genetics, and Ethics

Afterword an African American's Internal Perspective on Biomedical Ethics

Contributors

Index
14 .

Bioethics and Vulnerability: A Latin American View
by Florencia Luna, Peter Herissone-Kelly, Laura Pakter. 192 pgs.

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Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

One: Latin American Bioethics

1: Introduction

2: Bioethics, Philosophy and Latin Americans

3: Latin American Problems

Two: Cases and Casuistry

2: Principles in Latin America

1: Introduction

3: Casuistry

4: Functions of the Case

5: Interpretations of Casuistry

6: Conclusion

Three: Respect for Persons and the Illiterate

1: Introduction

2: The Problem of Illiteracy

3: Paternalism and Competence

4: Interpretations of the Illiteracy Argument

5: Sociological Problems and Intolerance

6: Conclusion

Four: Internal Reasons and Abortion

1: Introduction

2: Williams on Internal and External Reasons

3: External Reasons and Abortion

4: Internal Reasons and Abortion

5: Conclusion

2: Reproductive Rights

Five: To Procreate or Not to Procreate? Aids and Reproductive Rights

1: Introduction

3: What Are the Limits on Reproduction?

4: Who Makes the Moral Decision and How?

5: Decisions in the South

Six: Assisted Reproduction and Local Experiences

1: Introduction

2: Disclosure and Embryos for Transfer

3: Limits and Their Criteria

4: "Mandates and Effective Practices"

5: Double Moral Standards and Secondary Infertility

6: Embryos and Persons

7: A Problem of Reproductive Healthcare

Seven: Social Science Research and Respect for Persons

2: A Structural Problem

1: Introduction

3: Information and Vulnerable Populations

4: Other Possible Justifications

5: Foreign Values?

6: Abuses in Biomedical Research

7: The Weight of Ethical Codes

8: The Social Sciences and Research

1: Introduction

Eight: Aids, Research, and Acceptable Codes

2: Ethical Questions at the Onset of Aids

3: Aids

4: Conclusion

2: The Context of the Controversy

Nine: Ongoing Controversies

1: Introduction

3: Obligations during Research

4: Arguments of a Scientific Nature

5: Social and Economic Arguments

6: Real Life Objections

7: Clarifications or Obscurities?

8: Post-Research Obligations

9: Insufficiently Considered Variables

10: Conclusion

Ten: Corruption

1: Introduction

2: The Ethical Problem

3: The Legal Problem

4: The Operational Problem

5: Changes in Current Research

6: The Phenomenon of Systemic Corruptin

7: Possibilities of Corruption

8: Prevention Strategies

9: Closing Remarks

Afterthoughts

Notes

Bibliography

About the Author

Index
15 .

The National Bioethics Advisory Commission: Contributing to Public Policy
by Elisha Eiseman. 172 pgs.

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Details goverment, private, and international response to the policy recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission.

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Preface

Contents

Tables

Summary

Acknowledgments

Acronyms

Chapter One: Introduction

Chapter Two: Nbac in the Public Eye

Chapter Three: Response to the Cloning Human Beings Report

Chapter Four: Response to the Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders That May Affect Decisionmaking Capacity Report

Chapter Five: Response to the Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance Report

Chapter Six: Response to the Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research Report

Chapter Seven: Response to the Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries Report

Chapter Eight: Response to the Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants Report

Chapter Nine: Summary

Appendix: Data Collection Methods

Bibliography

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