Infant Mortality

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Infant Mortality

1 .

Infant and Child Mortality in the Past
by Alain Bideau, Bertrand Desjardins, Hector Perez Brignoli. 320 pgs.

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This volume examines the trends of early-age mortality across time and space and the methodological and theoretical problems inherent in such studies. The approach is interdisciplinary, with contributions from demography, biology, medicine, and economic and social history. The geographical range encompasses Europe, North America, Japan, and India.

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Title Page

Foreword

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction

Part I State of Knowledge (Europe)

1: Infant and Child Mortality in Italy, Eighteenth to Twentieth Century: Long-Term Trends and Territorial Differences

2: Child Mortality in Francophone Europe: State of Knowledge

3: The Fight Against Infant Mortality in the Past: An International Comparison

4: Alpine Patterns of Infant Mortality in Perspective

5: Infant Mortality in Britain: A Survey of Current Knowledge on Historical Trends and Variations

Part II State of Knowledge (America and Asia)

6: Infant and Child Mortality in the United States and Canada

References

7: Infant and Child Mortality in the Indian Subcontinent, 1881-1947

8: Infant Mortality in Pre-Transition Japan: Levels and Trends

Part III Demographical, Ecological, Biological, and Epidemiological Variables Associated with Infant and Child Mortality

9: Month of Birth as a Factor in Children's Survival

10: Family Formation and Infant Mortality in New France

11: For a History of Prematurity

References

12: Endogenous Mortality in New France: At the Crossroads of Natural and Social Selection

Conclusion

References

13: Infant Vulnerability in Three Cultural Settings in Montreal, 1880

References

Part IV Social Variables Associated with Infant and Child Mortality

14: The Death of Foundlings: A Tragedy in Two Acts

15: Infant Mortality in Late Nineteenth- Century Canada

16: Differential Infant and Child Mortality in the Netherlands, 1812-1912: First Results of the Historical Sample of the Population of the Netherlands

Conclusions

References

Index
2 .

Mortality Patterns and Trends in the United States (Chap. 3 "Infant Mortality")
by Paul E. Zopf Jr. 286 pgs.

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Zopf provides a comprehensive account of the biological components of mortality, its various forms and causes, and its many differentials. The study considers mortality among a range of populations, according to differentials such as age, gender, race ethnic origin, socioeconomic and marital status, and urban or non-urban residence. It also traces changes in the impact of degenerative afflictions, infectious and parasitic diseases, and environmental factors. The many graphs and tables provide succinct and clear evidence of current mortality trends, and the extensive bibliography adds to the value of this work as a research tool.

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Title Page

Recent Titles in Studies in Population and Urban Demography

Contents

Figures

Tables

Preface

1: Introduction: Perspectives on Mortality

NOTES

2: General Mortality and Differentials

NOTES

3: Infant Mortality

NOTES

4: Cause of Death: Differentials and Distribution

NOTES

5: Trends in Cause of Death

NOTES

6: Life Expectancy

NOTES

7: Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

About the Author
3 .

Segregation, Poverty, and Mortality in Urban African Americans ("Infant Mortality: Segregation and Poverty as Predictors" begins on p. 70)
by Anthony P. Polednak. 186 pgs.

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This book examines mortality rates for African-Americans in selected U.S. urban areas in relation to both social class and the degree of black-white residential segregation. Mortality rates for African-American infants and young adults are shown to be especially high in certain highly-segregated areas. The findings will foster the development of the "epidemiology of American apartheid", a new field of research that has relevance to social and health policy. The intended audience includes sociologists (especially medical sociologists) who are likely to be familiar with segregation but not with its potential relevance to the health of African-Americans. Epidemiologists have recently turned to the study of racism and health, but epidemiologic studies have not dealt specifically with black-white segregation and health. Psychologists interested in racism are important potential collaborators with sociologists and epidemiologists in studies of the epidemiology of racial difference in health. Readers working in social policy and health policy areas, including urban issues, should also find relevant material. This work fits within the framework of Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal's thesis that the American creed of equality of opportunity remains unfulfilled.

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Title Page

Preface

Contents

1: Introduction: Purpose and Plan

2: Social Race" and Black-White Segregation"

3: Black Poverty, Segregation, and Concentration' or "Neighborhood" Effects"

4: From Socioeconomic Epidemiology Toward the Epidemiology of American Apartheid

5: Segregation and Poverty in Relation to Variation in Urban Black Mortality Rates

6: Interpretations and Research Needs

7: Some Issues in Social and Health Policies

Appendix

References

Index
4 .

The Politics of Children's Survival (Includes discussion of infant mortality in multiple chapters)
by George Kent. 212 pgs.

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The central concern of this pioneering study is the high rate of child mortality worldwide and the prospects for reducing this rate. Taking as his major focus socioeconomic factors and their effect on children's survival, Kent examines the social and political roots of child mortality around the world and finds that the problem arises from widespread powerlessness in the populations of less developed countries. Thus, he argues, remedies should center on strategies of empowerment, designed so that their benefits persist long after the intervention has ended.

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Title Page

CONTENTS

Tables and Figures

PREFACE

Chapter One Patterns of Mortality

NOTES

Chapter Two Individual Factors

NOTES

Chapter Three Household Factors

CONCLUSION

Chapter Four: THE CHILD SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT MOVEMENT

NOTES

Chapter Five Criticism of Child Survival Programs

NOTES

Chapter Six Food

NOTES

NOTES

Chapter Eight: WAR

Chapter Nine Repression

NOTES

Chapter Ten Population

NOTES

Chapter Eleven Alternative Social Systems

NOTES

Chapter Twelve Should Children Be Treated as Human Capital?

NOTES

Chapter Thirteen Motivating the Powerful

NOTES

Chapter Fourteen Children's Survival and Community Development

NOTES

Chapter Fifteen Localized Multiparty Planning

NOTES

Chapter Sixteen Laws and Institutions

NOTES

SELECTED REFERENCES

INDEX

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
5 .

Infant Mortality: A Reflection of the Quality of Health, in Health and Social Work
by Candyce S. Berger. 6 pgs.

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6 .

The First Injustice: Socioeconomic Disparities, Health Services Technology, and Infant Mortality, in Annual Review of Sociology
by Steven L. Gortmaker, Paul H. Wise. 24 pgs.

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7 .

Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and Infant Mortality in the United States, in Social Forces
by Robert A. Hummer, Monique Biegler, Peter B. Deturk, Douglas Forbes, W. Parker Frisbie, Ying Hong, Starling G. Pullum. 35 pgs.

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8 .

Racial Differentials in Infant Mortality in the U.S.: An Examination of Social and Health Determinants, in Social Forces
by Robert A. Hummer. 26 pgs.

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9 .

A Note on Recent Trends in the Infant Mortality-Socioeconomic Status Relationship, in Social Forces
by Kyriakos S. Markides, Connie McFarland. 9 pgs.

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10 .

Infant Mortality Differentials Among Hispanic Groups in Florida, in Social Forces
by Robert A. Hummer, Isaac W. Eberstein. 21 pgs.

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11 .

Differential Mortality: Methodological Issues and Biosocial Factors (Includes discussion of infant mortality in multiple chapters)
by Lado Ruzicka, Guillaume Wunsch, Penny Kane. 262 pgs.

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The decline of mortality in the less developed countries during the last thirty years has not been uniform across various strata of the national populations. Strongly pronounced differentials in survival chances exist between the urban white collar elites and the rural and city slum dwellers, and particularly affect women and children. This volume presents papers outlining new conceptual approaches and methodological issues related to the study of differential mortality, and explores such issues as the demographic impacts of famine and other disasters, the contribution of fertility decline to mortality change, and new health problems resulting from the aging of the population.

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Title Page

Foreword

Contents

Contributors

Part I Introduction

Problems and Issues in the Study of Mortality Differentials

Part II Methodological Issues

1: Conceptual Frameworks and Causal Modelling

References

2: The Integration of Demographic and Epidemiologic Approaches to Studies of Health in Developing Countries

3: Some Methodological Issues in the Assessment of the Deceleration of the Mortality Decline

References

4: Measures of Preventable Deaths in Developing Countries: Some Methodological Issues and Approaches

Part III Biological and Social Factors

5: Changing Trends in Mortality Decline during the Last Decades

APPENDIX 5.1

APPENDIX 5.2. SOURCES OF DATA

6: Trends in Socio-economic Differentials in Infant Mortality in Selected Latin American Countries

References

7: Socio-economic Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality in Indonesia in the 1970s: Trends, Causes, and Implications

References

8: Determinants of Child Mortality in Turkey

9: Effects of Inter-birth Intervals on Infant and Early Childhood Mortality

References

10: Mortality and Health Dynamics at Older Ages

Part IV Crisis Mortality

11: Crisis Mortality: Extinction and Near- extinction of Human Populations

References

12: Famine in China 1959-61: Demographic and Social Implications

Index
12 .

Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions, Issues, Policies, and Prospects (Chap. 15 "Infant Mortality and Related Issues")
by Ivor Lensworth Livingston. 462 pgs.

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It is estimated that there are 60,000 excess Black American deaths annually compared with White Americans. Not only do Black babies die earlier than White babies, but, in recent years, there are reports that while life expectancy for Whites has improved, for Blacks there has been a leveling off, if not a reduction. These are among the issues detailed in this important guide to the major causes of Black illness and death.

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Title Page

Contents

Illustrations

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

I Cardiovascular and Related Chronic Conditions

1: The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases: An American Overview

NOTE

Conclusions

References

2: Coronary Artery Disease in Blacks

Summary

References

3: Cerebrovascular Disease in Blacks

Summary

References

4: Hypertension: A Community Perspective

Conclusion

NOTE

References

5: End-Stage Renal Disease

References

II General Chronic Conditions

6: Cancer and Black Americans

Conclusion

References

7: Diabetes Mellitus in the African-American Population

Introduction

References

NOTE

8: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Blacks

Conclusion

References

9: Sickle Cell Disease: A Biopsychosocial Model

Summary

References

NOTES

10: Ophthalmology in Blacks: A Survey of Major Entities

Summary

References

III Mental and Behavior-Related Conditions

11: AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

References

12: Homicide, Suicide, and Assaultive Violence: The Impact of Intentional Injury on the Health of African Americans

Conclusions

NOTES

References

13: Unintentional Injuries: The Problems and Some Preventive Strategies

Conclusions

References

14: Chemical Use and Dependency among African Americans

References

15: Infant Mortality and Related Issues

Conclusion

References

16: Social Status, Stress, and Health: Black Americans at Risk

Conclusion

References

17: The Mental Health of African Americans: Findings, Questions, and Directions

Conclusion: The Need to Understand the Social Context

NOTE

References

18: Nutrition Concerns of Black Americans

References

IV Sociopolitical Conditions and Related Issues

19: The Epidemiology of Homelessness in Black America

References

20: The Physical, Psychological, and Social Health of Black Older Americans

Conclusions

NOTES

References

21: Urban Infrastructure: Social, Environmental, and Health Risks to African Americans

NOTES

References

22: Black Children: Growth, Development, and Health

Summary

References

23: Black Health Care Providers and Related Professionals: Issues of Underrepresentation and Change

References

Conclusion

V Legal and Social Policy Issues

24: Politics and Health: The Coming Agenda for a Multiracial and Multicultural Society

Summary

References

25: Barriers to Health Services Utilization and African Americans

Conclusion

References

26: Improving the Health Status of African Americans: Empowerment as Health Education Intervention

Conclusion and Recommendations

NOTE

References

27: Improving the Health of the Black Community: Outlook for the Future

Conclusion

References

Index

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