Allen Newell

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Allen Newell

1.

Mind Matters: A Tribute to Allen Newell
by David Steier, Tom M. Mitchell, Allen Newell. 472 pgs.

Book

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Title Page

Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 the Evolution of the Soar Cognitive Architecture

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 the Study of Cognitive Architecture

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Architecture Matters: What Soar Has to Say About Modularity

Chapter 3 Learning Analytically and Inductively

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

DISCUSSION Learning Matters

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 Meaning Matters: Problems in Sense Resolution

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Meaning Matters: Response to Miller

Chapter5 Constraints on Processing Capacity: Architectural or Implementational?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Functionality Matters: Capacity Constraints and Soar

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 6 Great and Big Ideas in Computer Structures

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Parallelism Matters

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 Software Architectures for Shared Information Systems

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Mediating Matters: Response to Shaw

Chapter 8 the Human, the Computer, the Task, and Their Interaction-- Analytic Models and Use-Centered Design

APPENDIX: INVENTORY OF TEACHABLE TOPICS IN HCI

APPENDIX: INVENTORY OF TEACHABLE TOPICS IN HCI

DISCUSSION Task Matters

Chapter 9 Scientific Discovery Processes in Children, Adults, and Machines

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Development Matters

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 the Process of Deduction

REFERENCES

DISCUSSION Reasoning Matters: Mental Models and Soar

Chapter 11 the Patterned Matter That is Mind

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

About the Authors

Author Index

Subject Index
2.

Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: June 18 to 21, 1993, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder ("Symposium in Memory of Allen Newell: Soar as a Unified Theory of Cognition: Summer 1993" begins on p. 97)
by Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado-Boulder. 1114 pgs.

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Table of Contents the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309 June 18-21, 1993

The Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

Preface

Reviewers

Plenary Addresses

Invited Research Presentations

Invited Research Presentations

Instructional Explanations in History and Mathematics

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Creative Conceptual Change

Acknowledgements

References

Integrating Cognitive and Conversational Accounts of Conceptual Change in Qualitative Physics Learning

Minimal Generative Explanations: a Middle Ground Between Neurons and Triggers

4: Conclusions

References

Grammatical Complexity and the Time Course of Syntactic Acquisition

Introduction

Introduction

Discovering Sound Patterns in the Native Language

The (il)logical Problem of Language Acquisition

Introduction

Discovering Structure-Function Relationships in a Competitive Modular Connectionist Architecture

Introduction

Computational Principles in Visual Comprehension: Simulating Neuropsychological Deficits by Lesioning Attractor Networks

Abstract

Neuropsychological Implications for Attention in Perception and Action

Abstract

Representation in Situated Agents

Behavior-Based Artificial Intelligence

Acknowledgements

References

Situated Decision-Making and Recognition-Based Learning: Applying Symbolic Theories to Interactive Tasks

References

Symposia

Symposia

Overview of Soar as a Unified Theory of Cognition: Spring 1993

Nova, Covert Attention Explored Through Unified Theories of Cognition*

Bibliography

An Architecturally-Based Theory of Human Sentence Comprehension

Abstract

References

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Learning from Instruction: a Knowledge-Level Capability Within a Unified Theory of Cognition

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Symposium Tutorial Discourse

Correction in Tutoring

References

Acknowledgements

Dialogue Patterns and Feedback Mechanisms During Naturalistic Tutoring

Introduction

Introduction

What Makes Human Explanations Effective?

References

Conclusions

Synthesizing Tutorial Dialogues*

References

Conclusion

Symposium Grounding, Situatedness, and Meaning

Connectionism, Symbol Grounding, and Autonomous Agents

References

Acknowledgments

The Structure Grounding Problem

References

Conclusions

The Engineering of Physical Grounding

Symbol Grounding - the Emperor's New Theory of Meaning?

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Grounded Concepts Without Symbols

The Hearts of Symbols: Why Symbol Grounding is Irrelevant

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Symbol Grounding is an Empirical Problem: Neural Nets Are Just a Candidate Component

Symposium Decision Making in Real World Emergency Situations

Prediction of Initial Performance in Rapid Decision Making Situations

Decision Making Strategies in Emergency Telephone Triage Situations

Decision Making by Anesthesiologists During Trauma Treatment: Effects of Stress on Team Interactions

"Deciding" as Situated Practice: the Work of Public Safety/9-1-1 Call-Takers1

References

Symposium: Learning on Demand

Symposium Cognitive Models in User-System Dialogue

Symposium (quasi-)systematicity and (non-)compositionality in Language

Symposium Cognitive Models of Problem Solving

Submitted Presentations

Abstract

6: Conclusions

References

1: Introduction

A Structured Representation for Noun Phrases and Anaphora

5: Summary

References

Modelling Learning Using Evidence from Speech and Gesture

Introduction

Tip-Of-The-Tongue in Dementing Speech

Word Segmentation in Written Text: an Argument for a Multiple Subunit System

Introduction

Trails as Archetypes of Intentionality

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

How Diagrams Can Improve Reasoning: Mental Models and the Difficult Cases of Disjunction and Negation

Introduction

Word Priming in Attractor Networks *

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

Learning Generic Mechanisms from Experiences for Analogical Reasoning*

References

Conclusions

The Time Course of Grammaticality Judgment

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Reminding and Interpretation During Encoding1

Introduction

References

References

Introduction

The Theory-Ladenness of Observation: Evidence from Cognitive Psychology

Introduction

A Restricted Interactive Model of Parsing

Conclusions

References

Expertise, Text Coherence, and Constraint Satisfaction: Effects on Harmony and Settling Rate1

Introduction

Orientation and Complexity Effects: Implications for Computational Models of Visual Analogical Reasoning

References

Appendix A

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Letter Detection in German Silent Reading: Issues of Unitization and Syllable-Final Devoicing1

Abstract *

1: Introduction

A Better Tool for the Cognitive Scientist's Toolbox: Randomization Statistics

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Whorfian Biases in the Categorization of Events

Reading as a Planned Activity

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Situated Sense-Making: a Study of Conceptual Change in Activity-Based Learning

Appendix

Conclusion

References

Barriers to Conceptual Change in Learning Science Concepts: a Theoretical Conjecture

Introduction

Acknowledgment

References

Factors That Influence How People Respond to Anomalous Data

Introduction

Specificity of Practice Effects in the Classic Stroop Color-Word Task1

References

Acknowledgments

Attention and Awareness in Sequence Learning

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Model Construction and Criticism Cycles in Expert Reasoning1

Connectionism and Probability Judgment: Suggestions on Biases

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Inducing a Shift from Intuitive to Scientific Knowledge with Inquiry Training

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Toward a Model of Student Education in Microworlds1

Conclusions

References

Non-Deterministic Prepositional Phrase Attachment

1: Introduction

5: Conclusion

References

Introduction

Tau Net: the Way to Do is to Be

Conclusions

References

Properties of the Principle-Based Sentence Processor

6: Conclusions

References

Representation of Temporal Patterns in Recurrent Networks

Why No Mere Mortal Has Ever Flown Out to Center Field but People Often Say They Do1

Introduction

Students' Beliefs About the Circulatory System: Are Misconceptions Universal?

Introduction

Integrating Learning into Models of Human Memory: the Hebbian Recurrent Network1

Introduction

Introduction

Learning Language Via Perceptual/Motor Experiences

References

Conclusions

Human Benchmarks on Ai's Benchmark Problems

Introduction

Conclusions

References2

Post-Encoding Verbalization Impairs Transfer on Artificial Grammar Tasks

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

A Neural Net Investigation of Vertices as Image Primitives in Biederman's Rbc Theory

Introduction

Children with Dyslexia Show Deficits on Most Primitive Skills1

Abstract

Introduction

Recognizing Handprinted Digit Strings: a Hybrid Connectionist/Procedural Approach*

Concluding Remarks

References

A Model-Based Approach to Learning from Attention-Focusing Failures

Introduction

Introduction

Toward Formalizing Dialectical Argumentation

Match and Mismatch in Phonological Context

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

Learnability and Markedness: Dutch Stress Assignment*

References

Conclusion

The Comprehension of Complex Graphics: Facilitating Effects of Text on Integration and Inference-Making

A Computer Model of Chess Memory1

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Associating What and Where Using Temporal Cues

Associating What and Where Using Temporal Cues

References

From Models to Cases: Where Do Cases Come from and What Happens When a Case is Not Available?*

Acknowledgements

References

Modularity and the Possibility of a Cognitive Neuroscience of Central Systems

Introduction

Introduction

A Psychometric Pdp Model of Temporal Structure in Story Recall

Introduction

Intentions in Time

Evidence for Interrelated and Isolated Concepts from Prototype and Caricature Classifications

Acknowledgments

Bibliography

Understanding Symbols: a Situativity-Theory Analysis of Constructing Mathematical Meaning

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Is the Phonological Loop Articulatory or Auditory?

Acknowledgements

References

Exploring the Nature and Development of Phonological Representations

Acknowledgements

References

Analogical Similarity: Performing Structure Alignment in a Connectionist Network

Introduction

From Weared to Wore:: A Connectionist Account of Language Change

Introduction

Memory Use During Hand-Eye Coordination

Incremental Syntax Processing and Parsing Strategies

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Conclusions

Increases in Cognitive Flexibility Over Development and Evolution: Candidate Mechanisms

Recognition-Based Problem Solving

Introduction

References

Acknowledgement

Working Memory Failure in Phone-Based Interaction

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

The Use of Hints as a Tutorial Tactic

Conclusion

References

Rapid Unsupervised Learning of Object Structural Descriptions

Introduction

Introduction

The Learning of Weak Noun Declension in German: Children Vs. Artificial Network Models

Correcting Causal Explanations in Memory

References

Appendix A

Effects of Object Structure on Recognizing Novel Views of Three-Dimensional Objects

Introduction

Contingent Frequency Effects in Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Principal Hidden Unit Analysis: Generation and Interpretation of Principal Networks by Minimum Entropy Method

Conclusion

References

Changes in Children's Conceptual Models of a Natural Phenomenon Using a Pictorial Computer Simulation as a Tool

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgements

Musical Pleasure Through the Unification of Melodic Sequences

Introduction

Introduction

Apparent Computational Complexity in Physical Systems

Acknowledgments

References

The Role of Curvature in Representing Shapes for Recognition

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Modeling Melodic Expectation: Using Three 'Musical Forces' to Predict Melodic Continuations

A Connection Implementation of the Act-R Production System

Introduction

References

Conclusion

Making Mathematical Connections Through Natural Language: a Computer Model of Text Comprehension in Arithmetic Word Problem Understanding

Introduction

The Effect of Experience on Across-Domain Transfer of Diagnostic Skill

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Explaining Language Universals in Connectionist Networks: the Acquisition of Morphological Rules

1: Introduction

5: Conclusion

References

Introduction

Thinking with a Mouse

Introduction

Real-Time Control of Animated Broad Agents

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

German Inflection: the Exception That Proves the Rule

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

A Connectionist Model of the Development of Seriation

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

All Differences Are Not Created Equal: a Structural Alignment View of Similarity

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgments

On the Long-Term Retention of Studied and Unstudied U. S. Coins1

Introduction

Inflectional Morphology and Phonological Regularity in the English Mental Lexicon

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Schema-Based Categorization

Kin Recognition, Similarity, and Group Behavior

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Introduction

Using Case-Based Reasoning and Situated Activity to Write Geometry Proofs1

Conclusion

References

Apecs: a Solution to the Sequential Learning Problem

Catastrophic Interference is Eliminated in Pretrained Networks

Introduction

Introduction

Modeling Property Intercorrelations in Conceptual Memory

Emergent Control and Planning in an Autonomous Vehicle

Acknowledgements

References

Strategic Social Planning Looking for Willingness in Multi-Agent Domains1

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Presentations and This and That: Logic in Action1

Concluding Remarks

References

Categorizing Example Types in Context: Applications for the Generation of Tutorial Descriptions

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Distributed Representation and Parallel Processing of Recursive Structures

Rule Learning and the Power Law: a Computational Model and Empirical Results

Introduction

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Children with Dyslexia Acquire Skill More Slowly1

Introduction

Resolution of Syntactic Ambiguity: the Case of New Subjects*

Bibliography

Conclusion

Modeling Forced-Choice Associative Recognition Through a Hybrid of Global Recognition and Cued-Recall

References

Conclusions

Appendix

Introduction

Facilitation of Recall Through Organization of Theatrical Material

References

Generalizations by Rule Models and Exemplar Models of Category Learning

Introduction

Conclusions

References

Predictive Encoding: Planning for Opportunities*

References

Lettergen: Writing from Examples1

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Introduction

Knowledge and the Simultaneous Conjoint Measurement of Activity, Agents, and Situations1

Ka: Integrating Natural Language Processing and Problem Solving*

Acknowledgements

Conclusion

Introduction

Generalization with Componential Attractors: Word and Nonword Reading in an Attractor Network

Conclusion

References

Eliciting Additional Information During Cooperative Consultations*

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Explanatory Coherence in the Construction of Mental Models of Others

Introduction

Explorations in the Parameter Space of a Model Fit to Individual Subjects' Strategies While Learning from Instructions

Distributional Information and the Acquisition of Linguistic Categories: a Statistical Approach

Distributional Information and the Acquisition of Linguistic Categories: a Statistical Approach

References

Introduction

Boundary Effects in the Linguistic Representations of Simple Recurrent Networks

A Connectionist Attentional Shift Model of Eye-Movement Control in Reading

Conclusion

References

Jumpnet: a Multiple-Memory Connectionist Architecture

Introduction

References

Acknowledgements

Introduction

A Model of Visual Perception and Recognition Based on Separated Representation of "What" and "Where" Object Features

Promoting Conceptual Change in Children Learning Mechanics

Abstract

Introduction

References

Conclusions

Introduction

The Acquisition of a Procedure Schema from Text and Experiences

Conclusions

References

Recency and Context: an Environmental Analysis of Memory

Introduction

Abstract

Conclusion

References

Using Context to Interpret Indirect Requests in a Connectionist Model of Nlu

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Self Vs. Other-Generated Hypotheses in Scientific Discovery.1

Introduction

Introduction

Thinking Locally to Act Globally: a Novel Approach to Reinforcement Learning

Introduction

References

Acknowledgments

Conclusion

Assessing Conceptual Understanding of Arithmetic Structure and Language

Conclusions

References

Introduction

The Ontogeny of Transformable Part Representations in Object Concepts

Content in Computation

References

Acknowledgments

A New Approach to the Study of Subitizing as Distinct Enumeration Processing

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction

Learning Science with a Child-Focused Resource:: A Case Study of Kids as Global Scientists

Introduction

References

References

Introduction

Concept Hierarchy Networks for Inheritance Systems: Concept Formation, Property Inheritance and Conflict Resolution

Acknowledgement

References

An Inhibitory Mechanism for Goal-Directed Analogical Mapping

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Simulating Tilt Illusions with Lateral Inhibition and a Virtual Axis

Acknowledgments

References

Where Does Systematicity Come From? Effects of Training Corpus Structure and Attention on Systematic Generalization

Supporting Situated Interpretation

Conclusion

References

Acknowledgments

A Theory of Skilled Memory1

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Strategies in Pronoun Comprehension

Introduction

1: Introduction

Establishing Long-Distance Dependencies in a Hybrid Network Model of Human Parsing

References

6: Conclusions

Sequencing Explanations to Enhance Communicative Functionality

A Connectionist Model of Speech Act Prediction

Introduction

Simulation of Cued-Recall and Recognition of Expository Texts by Using the Construction-Integration Model (kintsch, 1988)

Introduction

Conclusion

References

Teaching Science with a Child-Focused Internet Resource: What Do Teachers Need to Know, Where Do They Learn It, and How Does It Change Their Teaching?

Introduction

Acknowledgments

References

Attenuation of Belief Perseverance in a Covariation Judgment Task1

Introduction

The Contributions of Studying Examples and Solving Problems to Skill Acquisition†

Introduction

Introduction

Generating Effective Instructions

Conclusions

References

Not the Mind's New Science?

What Mediates the Self-Explanation Effect? Knowledge Gaps, Schemas or Analogies?*

Introduction

Object Knowledge Influences Visual Image Segmentation

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Introduction

Levels of Competition in Lexical Access

References

Conclusion

Constraints on Knowledge Acquisition: Evidence from Children's Models of the Earth and the Day/Night Cycle1

Introduction

Modeling Global Synchrony in the Visual Cortex by Locally Coupled Neural Oscillators1

Introduction

A Computational Model of Human Emotions

Linear Separability as a Constraint on Information Integration1

Introduction

Reductionistic Conceptual Models and the Acquisition of Electrical Expertise

Introduction

Acknowledgements

References

Representation of Variables and Their Values in Neural Networks

Introduction

Acknowledgements

The Role of Structural Alignment in Conceptual Combination

Introduction

Introduction

Infants' Expectations About the Motion of Animate Versus Inanimate Objects*

References

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Causal Mechanisms as Temporal Bridges in a Connectionist Model of Causal Attribution

Introduction

A Cognitive Taxonomy of Numeration Systems

References

Conclusion

Index
3.

The Mind's New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution ("The Programs of the Dartmouth Tetrad: Programs for Problems: Allen Newell and Herbert Simon" begins on p. 145)
by Howard Gardner. 430 pgs.

Book

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The first full-scale introduction to and history of cognitive science. An interdisciplinary study of the nature of knowledge by the noted cognitive scientist and author of Frames of Mind.

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Title Page

Contents

Preface

Part I: The Cognitive Revolution

1: Introduction: What the Meno Wrought

2: Laying The Foundation For Cognitive Science

3: Cognitive Science: The First Decades

Part II: The Cognitive Sciences: A Historical Perspective

4: Reason, Experience, And The Status of Philosophy

5: Psychology: The Wedding Of Methods to Substance

6: Artificial Intelligence: The Expert Tool

7: Linguistics: the Search For Autonomy

8: Anthropology: Beyond The Individual Case

9: Neuroscience: The Flirtation With Reductionism

Part III: Toward An Integrated Cognitive Science: Present Efforts, Future Prospects

Introduction

10: Perceiving the World

11: Mental Imagery: A Figment Of The Imagination?

12: A World Categorized

13: How Rational a Being?

14: Conclusion: The Computational Paradox and The Cognitive Challenge

Epilogue to the Paperback Edition: Cognitive Science After 1984

Name Index

Subject Index
4.

Mind as Computer: Birth of a Metaphor, in Creativity Research Journal
by Gerd Gigerenzer, Daniel G. Goldstein. 14 pgs.

Journal Article
5.

Constructive Knowledge Acquisition: A Computational Model and Experimental Evaluation ("Kowledge Level Descriptions: Newell's Knowledge-Level" begins on p. 41)
by Franz Schmalhofer. 316 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Preface

1: Introduction and Overview

Part 1 Cognitive Modeling of Learning

2: Computational Models of Knowledge Acquisition

3: The Levels Approach Toward Cognitive Modeling

4: Learning from Text

5: Integration with the Acquisition of Knowledge from Cases

6: Unified Model of Knowledge Acquisition and Experimental Predictions

Part II Experimental Evaluation

7: The Influence of Different Learning Goals

8: The Acquisition of Equivalent Knowledge from Different Types of Study Materials

9: Material Transformation

10: The Effect of Prior Knowledge on Learning from Different Types of Materials

11: An Experimental Comparison of the Integrated Knowledge Acquisition and the Example Dominance Hypotheses

Acknowledgment

Part III Application, Discussion, and Prospects

12: Instructional Technology and Expert Systems

13: General Discussion, Conclusions, and Future Directions

References

Author Index

Subject Index
6.

Current Trends in Psychological Theory: A Bicentennial Program
by Edward L. Bennett, Dorwin Cartwright, Wayne Dennis, William K. Estes, Alan E. Fisher, E. Lowell Kelly, Howard H. Kendler, David Krech, Peter M. Milner, O. Hobart Mowrer, Allen Newell, Mark R. Rosenzweig, Herbert A. Simon, B. F. Skinner. 229 pgs.

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Current Trends in Psychological Theory: A Bicentennial Program

Preface

A Decade in Review

A Decade of Social Psychology

References

Clinical Psychology: the Postwar Decade

Referenges

The Flight from the Laboratory

References

Behavior as a Function of Certain Neurobiochemical Events

References

Heredity, Environment, Brain Biochemistry, and Learning

References

The Application of Physiology to Learning Theory

References

Growth and Function Of: Mathematical Models for Learning

References

The Simulation of Human Thought

References

Problems In: Problem-Solving Research

References

Psychopathology and the Problem of Guilt, Confession, and Expiation

References
7.

Architectures for Intelligence (Chap. 4 "Toward the Knowledge Level in Soar: The Role of the Architecture in the Use of Knowledge")
by Kurt Van Lehn. 442 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

1: The Place of Cognitive Architectures in a Rational Analysis

2: Cognitive Architectures and Rational Analysis: Comment

3: Nature, Nurture, and Connections: Implications of Connectionist Models for Cognitive Development

4: Toward the Knowledge Level in Soar: The Role of the Architecture in the Use of Knowledge

5: An Instructable Connectionist/Control Architecture: Using Rule-Based Instructions to Accomplish Connectionist Learning in a Human Time Scale

6: Goal Reconstruction: How Teton Blends Situated Action and Planned Action

7: The Role of Cognitive Architecture in Theories of Cognition

8: How to Build Complete Creatures Rather than Isolated Cognitive Simulators

9: PRODIGY: An Integrated Architecture for Planning and Learning

10: A Comparative Analysis of Some Simple architectures for Autonomous Agents

11: Making Intelligent Systems Adaptive

12: Theo: A Framework for SelfImproving Systems

13: The Frame of Reference Problem in the Design of Intelligent Machines

Index

Index
8.

Knowledge and Cognition (Chap. 9 "How Can Merlin Understand?" by James Moore and Allen Newell)
by Lee W. Gregg. 322 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Preface

1: Perceptual Structures and Semantic Relations

Conclusions

2: Processes of Learning and Comprehension

Conclusion

3: Subjective Probability Distributions for Imperfectly Known Quantities

Conclusion

4: Theory of Rule Induction: Knowledge Acquired in Concept Learning, Serial Pattern Learning, and Problem Solving

Summary and Conclusions

5: Problem Solving and Rule Induction: A Unified View

6: Quote the Raven? Nevermore!

Summary

7: Knowledge and the Educational Process

8: Understanding Written Problem Instructions

Conclusion

9: How Can Merlin Understand?

Conclusion

10: Knowledge and Its Representation in a Speech Understanding System

Conclusion

11: Multidimensional Evaluation of a Simulation of Paranoid Thought Processes

12: Understanding Understanding Systems

References

Author Index

Subject Index
9.

The Modeling of Mind: Computers and Intelligence ("The Chess Machine" by Allen Newell)
by Kenneth M. Sayre, Frederick J. Crosson. 280 pgs.

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Title Page

Contributors

Acknowledgments

Preface

Contents

Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Modeling: Simulation and Replication

Chapter 2: Technological Models of the Nervous System

Part II: Mental Skills

Chapter 3: Experimental Music

Chapter 4: The Chess Machine

Chapter 5: Toward Mechanical Mathematics

Chapter 6: Remarks on Mechanical Mathematics

Part III: Perceptual Acts

Chapter 7: Sensation and Observation

Chapter 8: Human and Mechanical Recognition

Chapter 9: Stimulus Analysing Mechanisms

Chapter 10: On the Conceptual Consciousness

Chapter 11: Experience and the Perception of Pattern

Part IV: The Modeling of Mind

Chapter 12: Mindlike Behaviour in Artefacts

Chapter 13: The Mechanical Concept of Mind

Chapter 14 Minds, Machines and Gödel

Biographical Notes
10.

The Atomic Components of Thought ("Newell's Dream" begins on p. 1)
by John R. Anderson, Christian Lebiere. 492 pgs.

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Contents

Preface

1: Introduction

2: Knowledge Representation

CONCLUSIONS

3: Performance

SUMMARY

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX C: PRODUCTIONS AND TRACE THAT INSTANTIATE THE ABSTRACT ANALYSIS IN FIG. 3.1

APPENDIX D: ACT-R's VARIABLES AND PARAMETERS

4: Learning

5: The Visual Interface

CONCLUSIONS

6: Perception and Action

7: List Memory

CONCLUSIONS

8: Choice

CONCLUSIONS

9: Cognitive Arithmetic

APPENDIX

10: Analogy

CONCLUSIONS

11: Scientific Discovery

12: Reflections

Author Index

Subject Index
11.

Adaptive Thinking: Rationality in the Real World (Chap. 2 "Mind as Computer: The Social Origin of a Metaphor")
by Gerd Gigerenzer. 348 pgs.

Book

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Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social. Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

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Evolution and Cognition

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

I: Where Do New Ideas Come From?

1: From Tools to Theories

2: Mind as Computer the Social Origin of a Metaphor

3: Ideas in Exile the Struggles of an Upright Man

II: Ecological Rationality

4: Ecological Intelligence

Conclusions

5: Aids Counseling for Low-Risk Clients

6: How to Improve Bayesian Reasoning Without Instruction

III: Bounded Rationality

7: Probabilistic Mental Models

Conclusions

IV: Social Rationality

9: Rationality Why Social Context Matters

Conclusions

10: Domain-Specific Reasoning Social Contracts and Cheating Detection

11 the Modularity of Social Intelligence

V: Cognitive Illusions and Statistical Rituals

12: How to Make Cognitive Illusions Disappear

13: The Superego, the Ego, and the Id in Statistical Reasoning

14: Surrogates for Theories

References

Name Index

Subject Index
12.

Conceptions of the Human Mind: Essays in Honor of George A. Miller (Chap. 3 "The Role of Language in Cognition: A Computational Inquiry" by Jill Fain Lehman, Allen Newell, Thad Polk, Richard L. Lewis)
by Gilbert Harman. 277 pgs.

Book

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Contents

Preface

Toast for G. A. Miller

1 The Implication of Specialized Neuronal Circuits Versus Neuronal Number for Concepts Concerning the Nature of Human Conscious Experience

2 On the Nature of Systems?

3 The Role of Language in Cognition: A Computational Inquiry

4 The Central Problem for the Psycholinguist

REFERENCES

5 The Social in Cognition

6 Rules, Reasoning, and Choice Behavior

7 Can Science Understand the Mind?

REFERENCES

8 Explaining and Interpreting: Two Ways of Using Mind

9 Speaking of Objects, as Such

10 How Mind Works, if There is One

11 How the Mind Thinks

12 On the Physical Basis, Linguistic Representation, and Conscious Experience of Colors

13 Remembering the Future

Author Index

Subject Index
13.

The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
by Stuart K. Card, Thomas P. Moran, Allen P. Newell. 470 pgs.

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Defines the psychology of human-computer interaction, showing how to span the gap between science & application. Studies the behavior of users in interacting with computer systems.

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Contents

Preface

Copyright Acknowledgments

1. an Applied Information- Processing Psychology

Science Base

2. the Human Information-Processor

Text-Editing

3: System and User Variability

4. an Exercise in Task Analysis

5:. The Goms Model of Manuscript Editing

6: Extensions of the Goms Analysis

7: Models of Devices for Text Selection

Engineering Models

8: The Keystroke-Level Model

9. the Unit-Task Level of Analysis

Extensions and Generalizations

10: An Exploration into Circuit Design

11: Cognitive Skill

12. Applying Psychology to Design

13. Reprise

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