Structuralism - theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves. This method found wide use from the early 20th cent. in a variety of fields, especially
linguistics, particularly as formulated by Ferdinand de
Saussure. Anthropologist Claude
Lévi-Strauss used structuralism to study the kinship systems of different societies. No single element in such a system has meaning except as an integral part of a set of structural connections. These interconnections are said to be binary in nature and are viewed as the permanent, organizational categories of experience. Structuralism has been influential in literary criticism and history, as with the work of Roland
Barthes and Michel
Foucault. In France after 1968 this search for the deep structure of the mind was criticized by such "poststructuralists" as Jacques
Derrida, who abandoned the goal of reconstructing reality scientifically in favor of "deconstructing" the illusions of
metaphysics (see
semiotics).
See J. Culler, Structuralist Poetics (1976); J. Sturrock, ed., Structuralism and Since: From Lévi-Strauss to Derrida (1979). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved. |