Methodology in the Social Sciences

In this single, accessible volume, a team of international experts sets out a range of analytic tools available to social scientists from the cutting edge of social science methodolgy. In contrast to much of the existing literature, which is often of daunting complexity, this volume presents social scientists with some experience with a guide through the maze of advanced techniques applicable across the range of the social sciences. The first chapters outline ways in which the revolution in computing power is transforming the working environment for social scientists, extending their analytic reach, and opening up new research horizons. The empirical chapters each present a particular approach to data analysis, discussing the underlying logic and demonstrating its application by working through a substantive example - with mathematical reasoning kept to a minimum. The theoretical chapters provide an introduction to recently developing approaches to social science research. Each chapter includes ample references to other works in the field, and to appropriate software programs, for those who are keen to pursue a particular approach in greater detail.

The main premise of this text is to help you become not only proficient in various aspects of research but also to develop the perspective that takes into account their interrelations and interdependencies. Moreover, to help you learn to appreciate the paramount role of theory in guiding the research enterprise.

Bhargava carefully disentangles the different forms of methodological individualism, and then identifies the key assumptions of its most plausible version that beliefs are attitudes individuated entirely in terms of what lies within the individual mind. He argues that once this assumption is challenged, it is possible to rehabilitate a non-individuated methodology that permits a contextual study of beliefs and desires and even a study of social context relatively independent of the beliefs and desires of individuals.

In this significant study, Fritz Ringer offers a new approach to Weber's work, interpreting his methodological writings in the context of the lively German intellectual debates of his day, and demonstrating how Weber was able to bridge the divide between humanistic interpretation and causal explanation in historical and cultural studies.

Rejecting the artificial dichotomy between qualitative and quantitative research strategies in the social and behavioral sciences, Isadore Newman and Carolyn R. Benz argue that the two approaches are neither mutually exclusive nor interchangeable; rather, the actual relationship between the two paradigms is one of isolated events on a continuum of scientific inquiry. Through graphic and narrative descriptions, Newman and Benz show research to be a holistic endeavor in the world of inquiry. To clarify their argument, they provide a diagram of the "qualitative-quantitative interactive continuum" showing that qualitative analysis with its feedback loops can easily modify the types of research questions asked in quantitative analysis research and that the quantitative analysis results and its feedback can change what will be asked qualitatively. In their model for research - an "interactive continuum" - Newman and Benz emphasize four major points: the research question dictates the selection of research methods; consistency between question and design can lead to a method of critiquing research studies in journals; the interactive continuum model is built around the place of theory; and the assurance of "validity" of research is central to all studies.