nōˈəl, 1899–1973, English playwright, actor, composer, and director, b. Teddington, England. Coward gained prominence in 1924 acting in his The Vortex. He soon became synonymous with sophistication, wit, and a world-weary sentimentality. The characters in his 27 plays are usually wealthy and somewhat snobbish couples, who express themselves with brittle badinage. The best-known of his theater works include Fallen Angels (1925); Easy Virtue (1925); Private Lives (1930), perhaps his most enduring comedy; Design for Living (1932); and Blithe Spirit (1941). He also wrote revues, sketches, musical comedies, and operettas and was the most successful English composer of theater music in the mid-20th cent. Among Coward's 281 songs are "Mad Dogs and Englishman" and "I'll See You Again."

Among his films are the romantic Brief Encounter (1946) and the patriotic In Which We Serve (1942), for which he was director, actor, and producer. Coward also wrote short stories and a novel, Pomp and Circumstance (1960), performed in cabaret, made recordings, and wrote three autobiographical works, Present Indicative (1937), Middle East Diary (1945), and Future Indefinite (1954). His play Song at Twilight (1966), an autobiographical drama about an aging homosexual writer who has had to write dishonestly about himself, initiated a revival of interest in Coward's works. He was knighted in 1970.

See biographies by C. Castle (1973), W. Marchant (1975), L. Cole (1976), and C. Fisher (1992); studies by J. Lahr (1983) and M. Levin (1989).

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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