(FAO), specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945. The organization is governed by a conference composed of the entire membership (180 nations plus the European Union), which meets at least once biennially, and by a council of 49 members. Each region is allocated a fixed number of seats, 33 of which are from Third World areas. It reports to the Economic and Social Council annually. Managed by a director-general, it carries out about one third of the programs of other UN development agencies. The objective of the FAO is to contribute to an expanding world economy by promoting sustainable rural development with emphasis on the poorest farmers, promoting food production and self-reliance, and raising the level of nutrition. The FAO has no mandatory powers but seeks to accomplish its purposes by making investigations, publishing reports, and organizing conferences; it offers technical aid, improves seeds, develops serums and vaccines, and aids in increasing forestry yields. The program operations are conducted by standing committees, such as those on agriculture, fisheries, and world food security. Programs are implemented at the request of the host country.

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