1870–1937, American historian, an authority on medieval history, b. Meadville, Pa. At Harvard (1902–31) he was professor and dean of graduate studies (1908–24); in the latter capacity he greatly influenced contemporary graduate training. He served (1918–19) on the American commission at the Paris Peace Conference. Chairman (1920–26) of the American Council of Learned Societies and president (1922) of the American Historical Association, he was also founder and president (1926–27) of the Medieval Academy of America. His work in medieval history stimulated an entire school of American medievalists. Among his works are The Normans in European History (1915, repr. 1959 and 1966) and Norman Institutions (1918, repr. 1960); cultural and intellectual works include The Rise of Universities (1923), Studies in the History of Medieval Science (2d ed. 1927, repr. 1960), and The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century (1927, repr. 1957).

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