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INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY OF LANGUAGES, THE
The Indo-European Family of Languages
Subfamily Group Subgroup Languages and Principal Dialects
Anatolian Hieroglypic Hittite*, Hittite (Kanesian)*, Luwian*, Lycian*, Lydian*, Palaic*
Baltic Latvian (Lettish), Lithuanian, Old Prussian*
Celtic Brythonic Breton, Cornish*, Welsh
Continental Gaulish*
Goidelic or Gaelic Irish (Irish Gaelic), Manx*, Scottish Gaelic
Germanic East Germanic Burgundian*, Gothic *, Vandalic*
North Germanic Old Norse* (see Norse ), Danish, Faeroese, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish
West Germanic (see Grimm's law ) High German German, Yiddish
Low German Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Flemish, Frisian, Plattdeutsch (see German language )
Greek Aeolic*, Arcadian*, Attic*, Byzantine Greek*, Cyprian*, Doric*, Ionic*, Koinē*, Modern Greek
Indo-Iranian Dardic or Pisacha Kafiri, Kashmiri, Khowar, Kohistani, Romany (Gypsy), Shina
Indic or Indo-Aryan Pali *, Prakrit *, Sanskrit *, Vedic*
Central Indic Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu
East Indic Assamese, Bengali, Bihari, Oriya
Northwest Indic Punjabi, Sindhi
Pahari Central Pahari, Eastern Pahari (Nepali), Western Pahari
South Indic Marathi (including major dialect Konkani), Sinhalese (Singhalese)
West Indic Bhili, Gujarati, Rajasthani (many dialects)
Iranian Avestan*, Old Persian*
East Iranian Baluchi, Khwarazmian*, Ossetic, Pamir dialects, Pashto (Afghan), Saka (Khotanese)*, Sogdian*, Yaghnobi
West Iranian Kurdish, Pahlavi (Middle Persian)*, Parthian*, Persian (Farsi), Tajiki
Italic (Non-Romance) Faliscan*, Latin, Oscan*, Umbrian*
Romance or Romanic Eastern Romance Italian, Rhaeto-Romanic, Romanian, Sardinian
Western Romance Catalan, French, Ladino, Portuguese, Provençal, Spanish
Slavic or Slavonic East Slavic Belarussian (White Russian), Russian, Ukrainian
South Slavic Bulgarian, Church Slavonic *, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian
West Slavic Czech, Kashubian, Lusatian (Sorbian or Wendish), Polabian*, Polish, Slovak
Thraco-Illyrian Albanian, Illyrian*, Thracian*
Thraco-Phrygian Armenian, Grabar (Classical Armenian)*, Phrygian*
Tokharian (W China) Tokharian A (Agnean)*, Tokharian B (Kuchean)*
*
____________________
*  Asterisk indicates a dead language.
____________________

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright© 2004, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. All rights reserved.

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Publication Information: Encyclopedia Article Title: Indo-European Family of Languages, The. Encyclopedia Title: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Publisher: Columbia University Press. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2004.
    
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