kĭm dā joong, 1924–, president (1998–2003) of South Korea. A native of South Jeolla prov. and a long-time campaigner for increased democracy and writer on international issues, Kim first ran for president in 1971. From the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s he spent much time either in prison or in exile in the United States. After returning to Korea, he again ran unsuccessfully for president in 1987 and 1992. In the midst of a financial crisis in 1997, he finally won the presidency, succeeding Kim Young Sam. Kim has sought improved relations with North Korea and has called for an easing of U.S. policy toward it, and in 2000 he traveled to the North for a historic summit with Kim Jong Il (see under Kim Il Sung ). For his efforts to promote democracy and human rights, as well as open ties with North Korea, Kim was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2000). The failure of the North to honor its pledges, a slowing economy, and a series of corruption scandals, including ones involving his sons, subsequently hurt Kim politically. His reputation was further damaged when it was revealed in Feb., 2003, that his summit with Kim Jong Il might have been the result in part of a payment of $186 million to the North.

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