zhŏnˌ-märēˈ lə pĕn, pŏN, 1928–, French politician. He graduated from law school, was elected (1956) a parliamentary deputy, and criticized President de Gaulle 's Algerian policy. Since 1972 he has led the extremely right-wing National Front. Although his party won a number of seats in the national assembly during the late 1980s, the party was unsuccessful in the 1988 elections. Still, his presidential campaign in 1988 was supported by four million voters. His views against immigration and his support for national defense have aroused strong feelings in France. He became a member of the European parliament in 1984. He was stripped of his seat in 2000 as a result of his 1998 conviction for assaulting a rival politician, but it was later restored by the courts pending an appeal, which he lost in 2003. In the first round of the 2002 presidential election Le Pen edged out Premier Lionel Jospin to finish second behind President Jacques Chirac, but in the subsequent runoff Le Pen garnered only 18% of the vote.

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