or Melkitesboth: mĕlˈkīts, members of a Christian community in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, and the Americas, mainly Arabic-speaking and numbering about 250,000. They are in communion with the pope and have a Byzantine rite much like that of Constantinople but in the Arabic language. Their head, under the pope, is called patriarch of Antioch; he lives in Damascus or Egypt. The name Melchites (which derives from the Syriac word for "king") was first applied to all who followed the emperor Marcian in accepting the Council of Chalcedon (451) and came back into use in the 18th cent. to designate that segment of the Orthodox Eastern Church that reunited with Rome; it is now, however, also sometimes applied to the Orthodox of Syria and Egypt. Like the Maronites and the Syrian Catholics, the Melchite community has its own hierarchy under the pope and its own rite.

See D. Attwater, The Christian Churches of the East, Vol. I (1947).

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