1890–1980, American author, b. Indian Creek, Tex. Although she published infrequently, she is regarded as a master of the short story. Her first book of stories, Flowering Judas (1930), received immediate recognition and critical acclaim. It was followed by Pale Horse, Pale Rider (1939) and The Leaning Tower (1944). Her stories have been praised for their technical accomplishments in matters of style, form, and language. A collection of her essays and occasional pieces appeared as The Days Before (1952). Her first long novel, Ship of Fools, was published in 1962. Set aboard a German ship shortly before Hitler's accession to power, the novel is a moral allegory that attempts to recreate the atmosphere of a world on the brink of disaster.

See her Collected Stories (1965; Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award). See biography by J. Givner (1984); study by G. and W. Hendrick (1988); bibliography by K. Hill (1989).

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