in 1864 to insist on the vote for black men, even while lacking suffrage
rights themselves. In their effort to stop Lincoln, the women saw evidence
that they had indeed achieved a measure of national political influence
when they were recognized by the president himself. Yet in the same
episode, shut out of the abolitionist press, they were reminded of their
dependence on resources they did not control. At the war's end, faced with
Lincoln's reelection and Weed's ascendancy, the women could hardly
consider themselves as political winners, but they were political players,
with the insights, connections, and bruises to prove it.
NOTES
1Eleanor Flexner, Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in
the United States, ed. Ellen Fitzpatrick, enlarged edition (Cambridge and
London: Harvard University Press, 1996), 136–37, 139, 141. “Hiatus” in
Ellen DuBois, Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent
Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1978), 52. Wendy Hamand Venet, Neither Ballots Nor Bullets: Women
Abolitionists and the Civil War (Charlottesville and London: University Press
of Virginia, 1991) begins the work of revision with valuable chapters on the
Women's Loyal National League and the election of 1864, although she
views these episodes as steps toward politics rather than accomplished
political practice (p. 148).
2Janet L. Coryell, “Superseding Gender: The Role of the Woman
Politico in Antebellum Partisan Politics,” in Political Identities: American
Women and the Emergence of a Secular State, ed. Stephanie Cole and Alison
Parker (Arlington: University of Texas Press, 2000).
3Elizabeth R. Varon, “Tippecanoe and the Ladies Too: White Women
and Party Politics in Antebellum Virginia,” Journal of American History 82
(Sept. 1995): 494–521; Rebecca Edwards, Angels in the Machinery: Gender and
Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1997); Jean Gould Hales, “‘Co-Laborers in the Cause’:
Women in the Ante-bellum Nativist Movement,” Civil War History 25 (June
1979): 119–38; Mary Hershberger, “Mobilizing Women, Anticipating
Abolition: The Struggle against Indian Removal in the 1830s,” Journal of
American History 86 (June 1999): 15–40; and the summary of scholarship in
Ronald P. Formisano, “The ‘Party Period’ Revisited,” Journal of American
History 86 (June 1999): 112–19.
4Pamela Herr, J essie Benton Fremont: A Biography (New York: Franklin
Watts, 1987), 262–63, and chaps. 17–18; Edwards, Angels in the Machinery,
-72-
Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com
Publication information:
Book title: Votes for Women:The Struggle for Suffrage Revisited.
Contributors: Jean H. Baker - Editor.
Publisher: Oxford University Press.
Place of publication: New York.
Publication year: 2002.
Page number: 72.
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