| Abbreviations, 226 |
| Abstraction, 12, 28 |
| Adjusted coefficient of determination, 258 |
| Adjusted R2, 255, 257, 258 |
| Affability, 58 |
| Analysis | empirical research, 6, 9, 10 | | report writing, 222, 225 |
|
| Analysis applications | multiple correlation and regression | formulae, 148–150 | | graphical representation, 135 | | more than two independent variables, 142–143 | | multiple correlation, 135–139 | | multiple regression, 139–142 | | nominal independent variables, 143–146 | | partial coefficients, 152–154 | | minal independent variables, 143–146 |
| | scores on single variable | data matrix, 150–152 | | formulae, 115–116 | | relationships between statistics, 113–114 | | statistical representations, 110–113 | | tables and graphs, 108–109 |
| | simple correlation and regression | formulae, 121–124, 127–128, 132–133 | | graphical representation, 119–120 | | nominal independent variables, 128–130 | | regression model, 126–127 | | variance explained, 124–126 |
|
|
| Analysis of variance (ANOVA), 244, 249 |
| And, avoiding use, 44 |
| ANOVA, see Analysis of variance |
| Areas under the curve, 111–112, 163, 165 |
| Arrow symbol, 13 |
| Assertiveness, 63 |
| Assessment, 41 |
| Assignment error, 188, 189, 191, 192, 212 |
| Attenuation, reliability, 245, 246, 247, 249 |
| Attenuation due to unreliability, 250 |
| Average, 110 |
| Average Y values, 129, see also Y |
| Averaging out, 29 |
| Bar chart, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115 |
| Behaviorally anchored observation, 46, 47 |
| Beta coefficients | demonstration of multicollinearity, 253, 254, 255, 256 | | formula for two independent variables, 149 | | multiple regression, 141, 142, 147, 148 | | partial in statistical modeling challenges, 280 |
|
| Between-cases designs | design applications | experiments/quasi-experiments, 70, 71, 82 | | surveys/field studies, 85–86 |
| | internal validity threats, 73–74 |
|
| Bias | causal challenges and design foundations, 56–57, 63 | | coefficients and statistical modeling, 278, 285 | | design foundations, 66 | | multiple regression, 142 | | problems of incomplete data, 232 | | surveys/field studies, 88, 89–90 |
|
| Biased coefficients, 280 |
| Biased relationships, 56, 57, 59, 67 |
| Biasing variable, 80 |
| Binomial probability distribution, 162, 169 |
| Bouncing betas, 253, 258 |
| Boundary conditions, 66, 67 |
| Bouncing betas, 253, 258 |
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