To Provide for the General Welfare: A History of the Federal Spending Power

Table of contents

• To Provide for the General Welfare *
• To Provide for the General Welfare - A History of the Federal Spending Power *
• Contents 7
• Preface 9
• Acknowledgments 13
• To Provide for the General Welfare *
• Introduction 19
• I - Framing and Ratification *
• 1 - The Framing of the General Welfare Clause 33
• 2 - Ratification and the General Welfare Clause 55
• II - The Framing of the First Precedents *
• 3 - The Washington Administration 79
• 4 - Hamilton's Interpretation— Washington's Legacy 93
• III - The Virginia Presidents and the General Welfare Clause: the Quest for a Constitutional Amendment *
• 5 - Jefferson's Dilemma 111
• 6 - Madison's Precept 130
• 7 - Monroe's Turn 144
• IV - John Quincy Adams and the Jacksonians: a Clash of Visions *
• 8 - John Quincy Adams's "Spirit of Improvement” 167
• 9 - Internal Improvements in the Age of Jackson 198
• 10 - Madison's Testament, Story's Commentary, and the Postulates of the Antebellum Presidents 212
• V - Lincoln's Role *
• 11 - Lincoln's General Welfare Clause 243
• 12 - Lincoln's General Welfare Legacy 262
• VI - Reconstruction, Realignment, Revolution, Resolution *
• 13 - Reconstruction, T. R., and Wilson's Realignment 283
• 14 - The New Deal and Judicial Resolution 304
• VII - Modern Exercise *
• 15 - Truman to Ford—toward Consensus 327
• 16 - Carter to Clinton—accommodating Budget and National Investment Imperatives 342
• VIII - Constitutionalism and National Progress: the General Welfare Clause Contribution *
• 17 - The Spending Power, the Constitutional Amendment, and the Evolving American Presidency 357
• 18 - "Perseverance” 371
• Appendix - The Constitution, Article I, Section 8 381
• Notes 383
• Bibliography 422
• Index 430

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