Climate Finance: Regulatory and Funding Strategies for Climate Change and Global Development

Table of contents

• Climate Finance i
• Climate Finance - Regulatory and Funding Strategies for Climate Change and Global Development iii
• Contents v
• Acknowledgments xi
• Foreword NYU Abu Dhabi and the Sustainable Environment xiii
• Summary of Key Findings and Recommendations xv
• About the Contributors xvii
• Part I - Climate Change and Mitigation Overview and Key Themes 1
• Chapter 1 - Climate Finance for Limiting Emissions and Promoting Green Development Mechanisms, Regulation, and Governance 3
• Chapter 2 - Understanding the Causes and Implications of Climate Change 35
• Chapter 3 - The Climate Financing Problem Funds Needed for Global Climate Change Mitigation Vastly Exceed Funds Currently Available 42
• Chapter 4 - The Future of Climate Governance Creating a More Flexible Architecture 48
• Part II - Proposals for Climate Finance Regulatory and Market Mechanisms and Incentives 53
• A - Trading or Taxes? 55
• Chapter 5 - Cap-And-Trade is Preferable to a Carbon Tax 57
• B - Reforming the Clean Development Mechanism (Cdm) 65
• Chapter 6 - Expectations and Reality of the Clean Development Mechanism a Climate Finance Instrument Between Accusation and Aspirations 67
• C - Sectoral Programs for Emissions Control and Crediting 77
• Chapter 7 - Why a Successful Climate Change Agreement Needs Sectoral Elements 79
• Chapter 8 - Sectoral Crediting Getting the Incentives Right for Private Investors 85
• Chapter 9 - Forest and Land Use Programs Must Be Given Financial Credit in Any Climate Change Agreement 90
• Chapter 10 - Stock-And-Flow Mechanisms to Reduce Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry Emissions a Proposal from Brazil 96
• D - Leveraging Trading to Maximize Climate Benefits 103
• Chapter 11 - Mitigating Climate Change at Manageable Cost the Catalyst Proposal 105
• Chapter 12 - Engaging Developing Countries by Incentivizing Early Action 111
• E - Linking Trading Systems 123
• Chapter 13 - Carbon Market Design Beyond the Eu Emissions Trading Scheme 125
• F - Investor Perspectives 133
• Chapter 14 - Incentivizing Private Investment in Climate Change Mitigation 135
• Chapter 15 - Investment Opportunities and Catalysts Analysis and Proposals from the Climate Finance Industry on Funding Climate Mitigation 143
• Part III - Bringing Developed and Developing Countries Together in Climate Finance Bargains Trust, Governance, and Mutual Conditionality 153
• A - Meeting Developing Country Climate Finance Priorities 155
• Chapter 16 - Developing Country Concerns About Climate Finance Proposals Priorities, Trust, and the Credible Donor Problem 157
• Chapter 17 - Developing Countries and a Proposal for Architecture and Governance of a Reformed Unfccc Financial Mechanism 165
• Chapter 18 - Climate Change and Development a Bottom-Up Approach to Mitigation for Developing Countries? 172
• Chapter 19 - Operationalizing a Bottom-Up Regime Registering and Crediting Namas 179
• B - Conditionality and Its Governance 187
• Chapter 20 - From Coercive Conditionality to Agreed Conditions the Only Future for Future Climate Finance 189
• Chapter 21 - Getting Climate-Related Conditionality Right 197
• Chapter 22 - Making Climate Financing Work What Might Climate Change Experts Learn from the Experience of Development Assistance? 206
• Part IV - National Policies Implications for the Future Global Climate Finance Regime 211
• Chapter 23 - Climate Legislation in the United States Potential Framework and Prospects for International Carbon Finance 213
• Chapter 24 - The Eu Ets Experience to Date and Lessons for the Future 221
• Chapter 25 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Measures in China 228
• Chapter 26 - Cities and Ghg Emissions Reductions an Opportunity We Cannot Afford to Miss 234
• Chapter 27 - A Prototype for Strategy Change in Oil-Exporting Mena States? the Masdar Initiative in Abu Dhabi 241
• Partv - Climate Finance and World Trade Organization (Wto) Law and Policy 245
• Chapter 28 - The Wto and Climate Finance Overview of the Key Issues 247
• Chapter 29 - Carbon Trading and the Cdm in Wto Law 254
• Chapter 30 - Countervailing Duties and Subsidies for Climate Mitigation What Is, and What is Not, Wto-Compatible? 259
• Chapter 31 - Border Climate Adjustment as Climate Policy 266
• Chapter 32 - Enforcing Climate Rules with Trade Measures Five Recommendations for Trade Policy Monitoring 272
• Chapter 33 - Carbon Footprint Labeling in Climate Finance Governance and Trade Challenges of Calculating Products' Carbon Content 281
• Part VI - Taxation of Carbon Markets 289
• Chapter 34 - Fiscal Considerations in Curbing Climate Change 291
• Chapter 35 - Tax and Efficiency Under Global Cap-And-Trade 300
• Chapter 36 - Tax Consequences of Carbon Cap-And-Trade Schemes Free Permits and Auctioned Permits 305
• Afterword - Reflections on a Path to Effective Climate Change Mitigation 311
• Abbreviations 317
• Index 321

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