| agent, 14–16, 47–53, 57,131–33, 150–
51, 232–34, 246–47 |
| anthropocentrism, 11–12, 11n, 20,
143, 146, 177, 226, 312, 313 |
| appraisal respect, 60n, 183 |
| appropriate technologies, 289–90,
289n |
| Aristotle, 61n, 198n |
| Attfield, R., 270n |
| attitude of respect, 41–43, 46, 71–
72, 80–90,100; as an ultimate attitude, 41–42, 90–98. See also recognition respect; respect for
nature; respect for persons |
| autonomy rights, 239–40, 250 |
| Baier, A., 12n |
| Baier, K., 25n, 28n |
| balance of nature, 8–9 |
| belief-system, 41–45, 98, 99–100,
119, 158–68, 309 |
| biocentric outlook on nature, 44–
46, 99–158; argument for, 158–68;
relation among components of,
153–55; and respect for nature,
44–47, 99–100, 134, 155–56, 167–
68, 226, 252, 309 |
| biocentrism, 11–14, 20–21, 306, 312 |
| bioculture, 53–55, 310; ethics of, 53–
58 |
| biology, its relation to ethics, 47–
53, 102–104 |
| Blackstone, W., 68n, 236n |
| Brandt, R., 76n |
| character. See standards of character; virtue |
| competing claims, 20–21, 244–45,
258–60, 262–64, 268. See also priority principles |
| conflict between humans and nonhumans. See competing claims |
| conservation, common, 298–99,
303 |
| considerateness, 207–208, 213 |
| ecology, 50–52; evolutionary, 6–7,
8n |
| ecosystem, 3–9, 7n, 101,103, 116–
17, 182, 189–90, 194 |
| Ehrenfeld, D., 104n |
| Elliot, R., 118n |
| endangered species, protection of,
11, 194, 196, 198, 223 |
| environmental ethics, 9–10, 59,
75n, 168, 219; compared with
human ethics, 40–47, 89, 150–52,
226, 255, 256–60, 275–76, 307–309;
distinguished from the ethics of
the bioculture, 53–54. See also biocentrism; respect for nature |
| environmental integration, 299–
301, 303 |
| equity, 211–12, 213 |
| ethical ideal, 264, 306, 307–13. See
also harmony between civilization and nature |
| ethics of the bioculture. See bioculture, ethics of |
| evolution, 49–50, 111–13, 113n, 177. See also ecology, evolutionary |
| exploitative attitude, 51–52, 95–96,
133, 226, 273–75, 277, 309 |
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