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Social Darwinism, Scientific Racism, and the Metaphysics of Race

By: Dennis, Rutledge M. | The Journal of Negro Education, Summer 1995 | Article details

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Social Darwinism, Scientific Racism, and the Metaphysics of Race


Dennis, Rutledge M., The Journal of Negro Education


Tracing the philosophical underpinnings of scientific racism from the early work of hereditarians Darwin, Spencer, and Sumner, to the intelligence testing movement led by Galton and Binet, and lastly to the contemporary race and IQ studies of Jensen, Herrnstein, and Murray, this article maintains that science is often used as a justification to propose, project, and enact racist social policies. It begins with a review of the philosophy of Social Darwinism and of its assumptions about race and human abilities, and ends by analyzing a largely unbroached theme in this debate: the consequences of scientific racism for dominant groups.

Science has often been used as a justification …

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