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James Madison on the Constitution and the Bill of Rights

By: Robert J. Morgan | Book details

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qualifications do not suffer by comparison with other persons voted for. The requirement that electors distinguish between their choice of president and vice-president is intended to emphasize their relative merits in the "consciousness of the of individuals" concerned, in "the public estimate of their comparative fitness", and in their capacities to perform "different services." One great benefit of this reform would be the rupture of the "string of beads" produced by the general ticket and state legislative choice of electors. In the event of election by districts, some would differ in sentiments from each other; yet others would sympathize with each other regardless of state boundaries so as to break the force of those "geographical and other noxious parties which might render the repulsive too strong for the cohesive tendencies within the political system." 64

Despite this temporary breakdown in the popular election of a president, Madison must have marveled at the Framers' decisions which made this source of the executive's energy so thoroughly consistent with the characteristics of republican government.


NOTES
1.
PJM, 10:207-09 passim, 211.
2.
Ibid., 9:370, 384-5.
3.
PJM, 10:29-30.
4.
John Adams, The Works of John Adams, ed. Charles Francis Adams , 10 vols. ( Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1850-56), 4:197-8, 296, 358-59, 468, 559.
5.
Farrand, Records, 1:138.
6.
Ibid., 448.
7.
PJM, 9:342.
8.
For a review of scholarly literature expounding this interpretation and one rejoinder to it, see George W. Carey, "Separation of Powers and the Madisonian Model: A Reply to the Critics," The American Political Science Review 72 ( March 1978): 151-164.
9.
PJM, 8:351-52.
10.
Farrand, Records, 1:100.
11.
Ibid., pp. 138-9.
12.
Ibid. 2:74-80, 298; LJM, 3:56.
13.
Farrand, Records, 2:34-36.
14.
Ibid., 54-57; italics in the original.
15.
Ibid., 58-59.
16.
Ibid. 1: 108-11.
17.
Ibid., 403.
18.
Ibid., 500-501.
19.
Ibid., 525.
20.
PJM. 11: 289.
21.
Farrand, Records, 2:587.
22.
Ibid. 1:65-67, 70, 72.
23.
Ibid. 1:65-66, 83.
24.
Ibid., 82-83 passim; emphasis in the original.
25.
Ibid., 82, 87, 284-86, 289, 296, 302.

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