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The Political Role of the Military: An International Handbook

By: Constantine P. Danopoulos; Cynthia Watson | Book details

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Finally, should Fidel Castro be cornered by his colossal enemy, the United States, perceiving himself to be in a position of strategic inferiority, he could utilize the military and its resources to resort to extreme measures. Castro tried to persuade the Soviets to launch a preemptive nuclear strike against the United States during the Cuban missile crisis, and testimony by Rafael del Pino indicates that the Cubans considered bombing a U.S. nuclear power plant during the Grenada crisis. Such suicidal measures would be consistent with Cuba's tradition of martyrdom; given Castro's propensity for extremism, such a final military showdown should not be ruled out.


NOTES

The author would like to express appreciation to the School of Social Sciences at San José State University for providing research grant support for this chapter.

1.
See reference to Hugh Thomas, The Cuban Revolution ( New York: Harper and Row, 1977), in Damian J. Fernande, "Historical Background, Achievements, Failures and Prospects", in Jaime Suchlicki, ed., The Cuban Military under Castro ( Miami: North-South Center University of Miami Press, 1989), pp. 6-7.
2.
Marta San Martin and Ramon L. Bonachea, "The Military Dimension of the Cuban Revolution", in Irving Louis Horowitz, ed., Cuban Communism ( New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1982), p. 539.
3.
Statistical Abstract of Latin America ( Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles, 1992); The Military Balance ( London: International Institute of Strategic Studies, 1992); The World Fact Book ( Washington: Central Intelligence Agency, 1992).
4.
Statistical Abstract of Latin America, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Annual Summary ( London: Oxford University Press); World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfer ( Washington: U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency).
5.
Ibid.
6.
For discussion of the formation of the Communist Party in Cuba (PCC), see Edward Gonzalez, Cuba under Castro: The Limits of Charisma ( Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1974), pp. 102-4.
7.
Richard F. Staar, ed., Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press) and The World Fact Book.
8.
Louis A. Perez Jr., Army Politics in Cuba 1898-1958 ( Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1976), p. 266.
9.
Seventy-two members of the one-hundred-man Central Committee of the PCC held military titles. See Gonzalez, Cuba Under Castro, p. 104.
10.
For discussion of several specific instances of civil-military conflict in Cuba, see Jorge I. Dominguez, Cuba, Order and Revolution ( Boston: Harvard University Press, 1978) and "The Cuban Army", in Johnathan R. Adelman, ed., Communist Armies in Politics ( Boulder: Westview Press, 1982).
11.
See William M. Leogrande, "A Bureaucratic Approach to Civil-Military Relations in Communist Political Systems: The Case of Cuba", and Irving Louis Horowitz, "Military Outcomes of the Cuban Revolution", in Horowitz, ed., Cuban Communism.
12.
Horowitz, "Military Outcomes", in Horowitz, ed., Cuban Communism, p. 592;

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