Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society - Vol. 1

Table of contents

• Title Page iii
• Contents v
• Abbreviations viii
• Acknowledgments ix
• Introduction 1
• Notes 33
• I - THE ISLAMIC BACKGROUND 35
• 1 - The Concept of Dhimma in Early Islam 37
• Notes 50
• II - THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES UNDER OTTOMAN RULE 53
• 2 - Transformation of Zimmi into askerî 55
• Notes 65
• 3 - Foundation Myths of the Millet System 69
• Notes 83
• 4 - The Rise of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 89
• Notes 97
• 5 - The Leadership of the Ottoman Jews in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries 101
• Notes 113
• 6 - Ottoman Policy toward the Jews and Jewish Attitudes toward the Ottomans during the Fifteenth Century 117
• Notes 124
• 7 - Foreign Merchants and the Minorities in Istanbul during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 127
• Notes 135
• III - THE STRUCTURE OF THE NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER 139
• 8 - Millets and Nationality: The Roots of the Incongruity of Nation and State in the Post-Ottoman Era 141
• APPENDIX I 167
• Notes 168
• 9 - The Dual Role of the Armenian Amira Class within the Ottoman Government and the Armenian Millet (1750-1850) 171
• Notes 181
• 10 - The Greek Millet in the Ottoman Empire 185
• Notes 201
• 11 - Jewish Communities in Turkey during the Last Decades of the Nineteenth Century in the Light of the Archives of the Alliance Israélite Universelle 209
• APPENDIX I - JEWISH POPULATION OF CERTAIN OTTOMAN TOWNS 1880-1908 (expressed in thousands) 231
• Notes 240
• 12 - The Millet System and Its Contribution to the Blurring of Orthodox National Identity in Albania 243
• Notes 256
• IV - THE ROLE OF CHRISTIANS AND JEWS IN OTTOMAN LIFE DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND AFTER 259
• 13 - The Transformation of the Economic Position of the Millets in the Nineteenth Century 261
• Notes 279
• 14 - Trade and Merchants in Nineteenth-Century Trabzon: Elements of Ethnic Conflict 287
• APPENDIX I - GENERAL TRADE OF THE PORT OF TRABZON FROM 1856 to 1900 307
• Notes 312
• 15 - The Millets as Agents of Change in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Empire 319
• Notes 333
• 16 - The Acid Test of Ottomanism: The Acceptance of Non-Mushms in the Late Ottoman Bureaucracy 339
• Notes 366
• 17 - Minorities and Municipal Reform in Istanbul, 1850-1870 369
• Notes 383
• 18 - Non-Muslim Representatives in the First Constitutional Assembly, 1876-1877 387
• Notes 400
• 19 - Unionist Relations with the Greek, Armenian, and Jewish Communities of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1914 401
• Notes 429
• V - SOURCES 435
• 20 - Ottoman Archival Materials on Millets 437
• Notes 448

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